US895736A - Burner. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED AUG. ll, 1908.

G. R. FIGKERT.

BURNER APPLICATION FILED JULY 2, 1906.

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` Suu@ l toa 351A auf w' @we GUSTAV RICHARD FICKERT, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 11, 1908.

Application led July 2, 1906. Serial No. 324,337.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUsTAv RICHARD FICKERT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Jersey City, county of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners, of which the following is a specification.

.My invention relates to burners 5 and while it may be embodied in gas or vapor burners for general purposes, it is more particularly applicable to inverted burners for heating incandescent mantles.

An object of the invention is to provide a construction of burner whereby a perfect mixture of gas or vapor and air will be produced notwithstanding low gas pressures and high candle power gas.

More particularly, it is an object of the invention to provide a construction whereby a perfect mixture of air and gas may be produced with low gas pressures in an inverted or down draft burner for heating incandescent mantles.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner which does not require adjustment of the air supply, also to provide a burner which does not require an adjustment of the gas supply at the burner nozzle, and also to provide a burner which may be properly regulated to correspond to wide variations in gas pressure by means of the ordinary cut-off cock and at the same time produce a perfect mixture.

These and other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and in part be made clear from the following description.

My invention consists in the novel parts, improvements, combinations, and features of construction herein shown and described.

The accompanying drawing, which is referred to herein and forms a part hereof, illustrates several embodiments of the invention, the same serving in connection with the description herein to explain the principles thereof.

Of the drawings, Figure l illustrates an embodiment of the invention, partly in perspective and partly in vertical cross-section, a part being broken away; Figs. 2 and 3 are, respectively, vertical and vertical transverse cross-sections of a detail 3 Fig. 4 is a lan view of the same 5 and Figs. 5, 6, and '7 i lustrate, partly in perspective and partly in vertical cross-section modifications of the invention, parts in Figs. 6 and 7 being broken away.

A burner constructed in accordance with one feature of my invention comprises the combination of a mixing tube, provided with air supply openings and means for supplying gas or vapor to the tube, said means being unobstructed and therefore adapted to offer substantially a minimum resistance to the fiow of the gas and at the same time cause the discharged jet to flow in a thin flat slightly flaring stream. In accordance with one embodiment of this feature of the invention, said means for supplying gas to the mixing tube comprise a nozzle, said nozzle being provided with an orifice oblong in form, widening outwardly at a slight angle, and having a slight length from the plane of minimum cross-section to the exit.

In accordance with another feature of the invention, the mixing tube is so constructed that the air is supplied by air supply openings to the jet of gas or vapor without causing eddy currents or other harmful commotion. In accordance with one embodiment of this feature of the invention, the mixing tube is so constructed that air is admitted by air supply openings to the jet of gas for a considerable part of its length.

A burner constructed in accordance with another feature of my invention comprises in combination, a mixing tube provided with air supply openings, means for supplying gas to the tube, said means being unobstructed and therefore adapted to offer substantially a minimum resistance to the ow of the gas and at the same time present a large surface of the discharged jet to the air, and means located near the discharge end of said tube for increasing the velocity of the mixture.

These and other features of the invention will be more particularly set forth in the following descri tion.

Referring in detail to the drawings, the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. l comprises aninverted burner for heating incandescent mantles, the same being connected to a gas supply tube l. As shown, the burner includes a jet-forming nozzle 2 provided with an orifice 4 and mixing tube 3, the latter being provided with ample air supply openings. A perfect mixture for an incandescent mantle is one which will burn without any yellow tinge or tip to the flame, a yellow iiame usually being accompanied by a deposit of carbon upon the mantle which impairs its candle power. To obtain a perfect mixture is especially difficult with high candle power gas by reason of the large content of hydrocarbon, a larger portion of air being required to give perfect combustion.

' a large surface of the jet to the air and avoidingA commotion in the air current until the mixture is complete and has attained its maximum velocity. TWhile any suitable means may be employed to accomplish this result, I have obtained the best results by giving the nozzle 2 a peculiar shape. In accordance with the embodiment of this feature of the invention illustrated, the et opening or orifice 4 in the nozzle 2 is oblong in form and the sides of the orifice 4 flare or diverge outwardly at a slight angle and have a slight length from the plane of minimum cross-section to the exit. The longer sides of the nozzle opening are preferably formed at a somewhat less angle than the shorter sides or ends thereof. Y ith a rectangular oblong nozzle opening or orifice 4, such 'as illustrated in the drawings, see Figs. 2, 3, and 4, the angle between the longer sides 5 of the opening which I have found suitable is about 5 degrees, while the angle between the shorter sides 6'is preferably about 7 degrees. These angles may be more or less varied but I have found the angles given with a nozzle of the form shown to give the best results for an inverted gas mantle burner using about three feet of gas per hour at one inch pressure. lith burners of different capacities and with different pressures slight variations may be desirable. The approach 7 of the nozzle 2 is preferably conical in form so as to give a maximum pressure at the point of smallest cross-section and at the same time give proper direction to the flowing gas. With such a nozzle 2 provided with such an orifice 4 a thin flat slightly flaring stream of gas is caused to flow into the mixing tube and is particularly well adapted to mix thoroughly with the current of air without causing any commotion therein and at the same time to maintain a maximum velocity. According to the embodiment of this feature of the invention illustrated in Fig. 1, the mixing tube 3, as shown, gradually expands at its lower end where the mixture enters the burner head and in its upper portion contains the mixing member 8. Preferably and as shown, the mixing member S at a point adjacent to the nozzle opening or orifice 4 fits snugly into the tube 3 and tapers downwardly in a gradually decreasing taper. IlVhile this mixing tube 3, as shown, is made in sections, it may, if desired, be made entirely of one piece or of aV suitable number of my invention, a perfect mixture of gas and air is obtained so that neither means for regulatmg the su ply of air nor means for regulating the supp y of gas at the burner nozzle 2 is required, the proper independent adjustment of which requires the exercise of skill to produce satisfactory results. In a burner constructed in accordance with my invention, however, the air supply regulator may be dispensed with, and the burner may be regulated to compensate with wide variations in gas pressure by means ofthe ordinary cutoff cock, such as that indicated at 1.a, and at the same time produce a perfect mixture.

The embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1 and described above is the preferred form for general purposes, that is where the gas pressure though low at times may at other times be as high as two or two and a half inches. It may be desirable however to provide burners adapted for use within more narrow limits of gas pressure and embodiments of such burners are illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, and 7.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 5, which is best vadapted for use where the gas pressure does not go below one inch, the mixing member is composed of a cylindrical perforated portion 13 which, preferably and as shown, extends upwardly to a point slightly above the nozzle opening or orifice 4 and at its lower end tapers sharply into the somewhat narrower portion 14. By reason of the perforations in the mixing meinber the air is sup lied to and the mixing process continues for a long distance along the downwardly flowing stream of gas. air guard is also longer and, as shown, is perforated throughout.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 6, which is best adapted for use where the gas pressure does not go below eight-tenths of an inch, the mixing tube comprises a short downwardly tapering inner mixing member 15 which receivesthe gas directly from the nozzle opening or orifice 4, the gas and air then flowing into the outer Vperforated cylindrical mixing member 16 where more air enters through the air supply openings and is brought into contact with the gas. This outer mixing member 16, preferably and as shown, at its lower end gradually tapers inwardly and downwardly for a short distance to its plane of minimum cross-section and then makes a flare outwardly, the resulting restriction of the area of the tube serving to increase the velocity of the mix- The i locity of the mixture are shown near the4 burner head, the same preferably and as shown, consisting of vthe internally tapering member 17 which restricts the area of the mixing tube and then gradually expands it until it enters the burner head.

A special advantage of theinvention resides in the fact that a construction is provided whereby a perfect mixture of air and gas may be produced with low and variable gas pressures in an inverted or down draft burner for heating incandescent mantles.

Advantages of the invention other than those hereinbefore set forth will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

I am aware that it has been proposed to use in an incandescent gas-burner avgas nozzle having a central and an annular perforation of inner tapered section or having a central perforation of inner tapered section in combination with an air-chamber. Such, however, is not my invention.

l am also aware that it has been proposed slightly to notch the circular jet hole by which gas issues into the mixing tube by the blow of a chisel at the top of the circular jet hole, so that the metal presents two slight depressions around the circular hole. Such also, however, is not my invention.

l claim:

1. ln a burner, the combination of a mixing tube, and means opening into said tube for supplying gas to said tube, said means being unobstructed and provided with a nar;- row slit forming an oblong, slightly flaring orifice adapted to cause the discharged jet to flow in a thin flat slightly flaring stream, substantially as described.

2. ln a burner, the combination of a mixing tube, and a nozzle opening into said mixing tube for supplying gas to the mixing tube, said nozzle being provided with a narrow slit forming an orifice oblong in form and Widening outwardly, substantially as described.

3. In an inverted burner, the combination of a mixing tube, provided with air supply openings, and a nozzle opening into said mixing tube for supplying gas to the mixing tube, said nozzle being provided with a narrow slit forming an orice oblong in form, the sides of which diverge outwardly at a slight angle and have a slight length from the plane of minimum cross-section to the exit, substantially as described.

4. ln an inverted burner, the combination of a mixing tube, and a nozzle for supplying gas to said tube provided with a rectangular oblong orifice'widening outwardly at a slight angle, the longer sides of the orifice being formed at a less angle than the shorter sides or ends, said orifice having a slight length from the plane of minimum cross-section to the exit, and the approach to said orifice being conical in form, substantially as described.

5. ln a burner, the combination of a mixing tube, a nozzle opening into said mixing tube for supplying gas to said mixing tube', said nozzle being free of obstruction and provided with an oblong oriiice adapted to present a large surface of the discharged jet to the air, and said mixing tube including a mixing member gradually tapering in a gradually decreasing taper from near one end to the other, substantially as described.

6. In a burner, the combination of a mixing tube, means opening into said tube for supplying gas to said tube, said means being free of obstruction and adapted to present a large surface of the discharged jet to the air, and means located near the discharge end of said tube for increasing the velocity of the mixture, substantially as described.

7. In a burner, the combination of a mixing tube, means opening into said tube for supplying gas to said tube, said means being free of obstruction and provided with an orifice adapted to discharge a thin flat slightly flaring stream, and means located near the discharge end of said tube for increasing the velocity of the mixture, substantially as described.

8. In a burner, the combination of a mixing tube, means comprising a nozzle opening into said mixing tube for supplying gas to the mixing tube, said nozzle being provided with an orifice oblong in form, widening outwardly at a slight angle, and having a slight length from the plane of minimum cross-section to the exit, and means located near the discharge end of said tube for increasing the velocity of the mixture, substantially as described.

9. ln a burner, a nozzle opening into a mixing tube vfor supplying gas thereto, and provided with an orifice, rectangular oblong in form, widening outwardly at a slight angle, and having a slight length from the plane of minimum cross-section to the exit, substantially as described.

10. In an inverted burner, a nozzle provided with a narrow slit forming an orifice oblong in shape opening into a mixing tube for supplying gas to the mixing tube, substantially as described.

Y In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GUSTAV RICHARD FI-CKERT.

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