US891342A - Governing mechanism for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

y No. 891,342. PATBNTED JUNE'zs, 190e. o. JUNGGRBN.

GO-VERNING MECHANISMPR TURBINES.

' APPLIGATION FILED JAN. 2, 190s.

3 SHEETS-(SHEET 2.

Figa.

' I l Wang,

v PATENTED .TUNE 23, 1908. O. JUNGGRBN.

GOVER'N'ING MEGHANISM FOR TURBINES.

' APPILIOATION FILED JAN.2,1906.

VNof 891,342.

s SHEETS-SHEETS;

' ditty.

UNTTED sTATEs PATENT OEEIOE.

osoAR' JUNGGREN, or scHENEoTADY, NEW'YORK, AssIGNoR To GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING macnnmsm ron TRBINES.

sglecincation of Letters Patent. Y vApplication area January 2, 190e. serial No. 294,163.

patented June 2s, 190s.

' :To all l'wh'cmtit may concern:

' Be l'it known that I, OsoAR JUNGGREma .citizen ofthe United States, residing atit is also applicable for governing highpres y.

:sure turbines. l

`lv4 2'l0 In' carrying -1 out the invention,l a single In order that the valve may Perform. '12h-.eli

Schenectady, countyof Schenectady, State -of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governing Mechan-- ism for Turbines, of which'y the following is a-4 .y specification.

The present invention has'forits object to provide a governing mechanism of improved construction.

' The invention is particularly directed to -overning mechanismk for low-pressure turines receiving exhaust steam or other elas- L .ticiiuld fromone or more high-pressure ref" ciprocat'in -engines, either directly or indi-- rectly, as rom aheader oraccumulator, but

valve is provided which has two functions, t.: e., that of automatically regulating the admission of steam or other fluid to the turbine,

as the load changes, and-that of shutting down the turbine whenthe speed becomeaexcesslve, or lmanually when 1t 1s desired for' any reason.

It is manifestly of'great advantage to use a single valve for both purposes onaccount of simplicity and relatively small cost.. .v

two `functions specified, two motors are provided, one for automatically moving-it toand fro to throttle or otherwise oontrolthe :admission of fluid to the turbine, the otheror completely closing. .the lvalve underf'emerency or other conditions. Iii the preferred orm- ,of the inventionv a'- hydraulic motoris employed to actuate the valve'forrregulating urposes, and' a 'Weight vfor suddenly`closing 1t. Between the 'hydraulic motor and 'the valve is a lock which'` is released when the weight fallsythearrangement being such that the releasin takes place irrespective of the position of t e valve and moving part of the motor.` The hydraulic motor is controlled by a speed-responsive device through the in# to or cuts it-oii from the motor cylinder.

over-travel ofthe motor.

tervention-of a pilot valve which admitsuid A device is `provided for preventing p The weight or sec-- ond .motor is-control'led by an einer ency governor, or it may be released. manna y.

follow-up In the accompanying drawings, which-illustrate one embodiment ofthe-invention, Figuref 1 isa partial side elevation vof a low-pressure' turbine arranged-*to drive an electric generator; Fig. '2 is a detail sectionalview of l the pilot-valve for controlling the hydraulic motor, taken on the line' 2-2' of Fig. 1

'3 is a view in side elevation on a somewhat larger scale of the hydraulic motor and.

weightfor actuating'the throttle valve; Fig;

- 4 `is a vplan viewof the same, with the cylinder ,offthe motor in section; Fig. 5is an enlarged :ffdetail view of the means for locking they y- "'draulic 'motor tothe valvevspindle; Fig. 6 yisl a sectional lview of the same takenon line 6:-'6 of Fig. 5 ;v Fig. 7 i's' a planview of a turbine showing a -number of hand valves for Fig. 8 is ade'tail sectional view of one of the varying the number of nozzles' in service;

fhando erated valves;- and Fig. 9 is 'a detail *view o an emergency governor for releasing` ports the domei, the latter surrounding the speed-responsive device whicln acts on the lever 6. cSteamorother elastic `iluid is ad- -mitted to the'valve chest'of the turbine from latter forming the-inletportion ofthe valve chest.- The source'olfsupply1 may be the eX- haust from one or more lng -pressure reciprocating engines ofthe simple or compound type, or it may bethat from one or more highpressure turbines, either of the single or multi-stage type. the governing mechanism may beemployed with turbines arranged to-receiv'e high-pres-- Under certain conditions The upper end of the a high-pressure engine-by the conduit 7, the

a or' sure steam or other motive iluid' Located in the conduit 7 is a butter'ily valve 8 (FigsA and 6) which is rigidly secured to van oscillating 's indle 9, the latter being mounted in suita le bearings formed inthe conduit and provided with packings 10,-as shown in Fig.

6, to prevent the vesca cof. steam. ,-Extendl ing outwardly from t e :supply conduit and supported thereby, is a bracket 11 that supports the hydraulic motor 12 and attached parts, as will appear more fully hereinafter.

The piston-rod ofthe motor is attached to a cross-head 13, Fig. 1, the latter moving to and fro in guides located above and below it. To the cross-head is secured a connecting-rod Y 14, and the latter is connected to an actuator on the valve spindle 9.

or lever 15, Fig. l5, which is loosely mounted It will thus be seen that by means of the connecting-rod and actuator rectilinear movements of the piston are transformed into oscillatory movements of the regulating valve. On the'front of the hydraulic motor, which is capable of assuming intermediate positions, is a pilotvalve 16 that is raised and lowered by the'lever 17, the latter being connected at one end to the adjustable rod 18 leading to the governor lever 6 and at the other end by the adjustable rod 19 to the bell-crank lever 20. The lever 20 is pivot-ally supported upon an extension from the lower guide, and the upper end of the long arm is slotted to engage with a pin 21 on the cross-head 13.

The lever 17, rod 19 and bell-crank lever 2() engaging the pin 21 form a follow-up device for restoring the pilot valve 16 to its initial position after the motor piston moves a definite amount, which amount is controlled by the movement of the lever 6. This follow-up device is operative irrespective of the position of the motor piston and cross-head 13.

In order to shut the valve under emergency conditions or when it is desired to manually shut down the machine, a weight 22 having two positions is provided and attached to the free end of the arm 23, the said arm being loosely mounted on the hub of the locking device 24 as shown in Fig. 6. The locking device comprises a clevis 25, the arms of which are secured-to the valve spindle by the keys 26, Fig.` 6. The part 25 is preferably made with two arms as shown on account of the in creased strength and the ample bearing surfaces but a plain lever can be substituted if desired. Pivotally mounted on the clevis is a locking device 27 that normally occupies the position shown in Fig. 5, that is to say, the free endis in the notch 2S in the actuator 15 Aand the piston of the motor is thereby rigidly connected to the valve spindle by means of the piston rod, cross-head, connectin g-rod 14, actuator 1.5, lock 27 and clevis or fork- 25. The latch is normally retained in the position shown by the extension spring 29. locking device is extended to a point above the fork, as at 30, and mounted on the` end thereof is a'roller adapted to be engaged when the Weight-arm 23 is released. On the weight-arm is a shoulder 35 adapted to engage with and be held by the latch 26, the latter being mounted on the pivot 37. The latch 36 is weighted on the left-hand end, to cause it to engage with the shoulder when the The weight-arm is reset. Both it and theshoulder are provided with removable hardened steel plates to prevent wear. The latch 36 is extended toward the front, as is clearly indicated in plan, Fig. 4. To the right-hand end 'of the latch is secured a chain 38 whereby it may be tripped manually when it is desired to let the weight fall and completely shut 0H the sup ly of steam to the turbine. Mounted on the atch carrying spindle 37 is an arm 39, to the free end of which is secured the adjust- 'able connecting-rod 40. In the connection 'between the rod and the arm is a certain amounty of lost-motion to effect a hammer blow action to insure the release of the weight.A The inner end of the rod is adaptedto be kacted upon by the emergency governor 41., Fig. 9, when the speed of the turbine becomes excessive. Commonly this emergency governorl is set to operate on a ten per cent. increase in speed above the normal rating of the machine. In order to reset the mechanism after the weight-arm 23 is tripped,` the clevis 25 is provided with a resetting handle 42.

rlhe action of the pilotvalve controlling the hydraulic motor will now be described.

rlhe motor is provided with ports 43 and 44, Figs. 2 and-4 leading to opposite ends of the cylinder. Disposed vertically and at right angles to the aXis of the motor is the 1 pilot valve 16 mounted in a valve casing 45 that is bolted to the motor cylinder. The pilot valve is of the balanced piston type, and fluid is admitted to the space between the piston heads by the pipe 46. So long as the valve stands in the position shown in the drawings the supply of fluid to the cylinder is cut off, because the supply ports 47 and 48 leading to the passages 43 and 44 are closed. Assume however that the speed of the turbine increases, the einer end of the governory actuated lever 6 will rise and its motion-is transmitted to the valve-operai ing lever 17 by means 'of the connecting rod 18. Raising the valve admits fluid to the right-hand end .of the cylinder and opens the left-hand end to the-exhaust pipe 49.- rhis causes the piston `to start into motion and close the valve more or less through thel connecting-rod 1 4, actu ator 15, lock 27 and clevis 25. Just as soon as the piston starts into motion, the crosshead 13 also starts, and this movement is communicated to the hell-crank lever 2() and to the vertically disposed connecting-rod 19. 'When the piston has moved the desired amount the action, of the follow-up device will restore the pilot valve to its central or `iniial position, The action of the said device-is as follows, the motor or piston'being in some intermediate position. Assuming that the governor, on an increase in speed,has moved the lever 17 around the pivot 51, which for the moment is fixed, until it has opened the pilot valve by raising it, the motor .3 i I thus be seen that in the normal operation the valve -is opened and'closed in a step-by-step startsf into .operation and thisr movement thepin .52 now'acting as a fulcrum,' 'The'.

5 downward movement of the'left-hand endlof the lever 17" restores. zjthe pilot.' valve 'to its initial or normal-position and cuts 'off the supply. of. fluidV nnder.j pressure to "the motor.

g-T'hiacauses the :piston tosto andv at the same.

fic' time be locked inf position y reason'of the 'fact that there is. afbody. of non -eompressifV blefiluidon' each side of the 'piston-head,l fThis"`ac ti on is repeated each time the speed.: increases, an the extent of movement ofthe motor piston will always bear a definite rela. tion to .themovement of thelever 'of the shaft governor:r Conversely, whenthe speed decreases owing to the increase in load, the pilot valve is pushed downward by means of' of the cylinder to Ithe'exhaust and admits high-pressure Huid tothe left-hand end and vthe piston starts into motion-in adirection fromleft to right. At thesame ytime the l cross-head 13 moves with the piston'and in so.

manner, assuming the load to be of argradually increaslng or decreasing nature.

The action of the emergency'mechanism -will now be described.

Assuming that .the parts yare in the. position shown, thatis to say, with the butterfly g valveS fully open, and the speed ofthe main shaft of the turbine has increased above the normal by a. predetermined amount, the

, emergency governor 41v will'actuate the trig# .gerp42 and permit thel springs 43\to move the rod (Fig. 3) to the right inflicting a ham- -fm'er blow on the latch 3 6." This will move .the latch out of engagement with the shoulderI 35 on the weightjarm and the' weight 22 being suspended onfthe' free end -of `the arm will cause the latter to fall.- After the weightarm has moved through a certain limited distance,` it will strike thev roller (Fig. 5) on the v'end 30 of thelocking device and by its impactoverc'ome .the tension-on the spring 29 land pullfthe-'lo'cking 'device 27'fout of the Gai-'notch 28.- A. continued movement of the weight`arm will cause it-to strike the clevis 25and since thelatteris rigidly keyed to the ,valve-spindle, it' willcause the latter to turn andshut the valve. In lresettingithe Aap' arat's'the weight22 isl lifted until the latch'36 the levfer17 which opens the right-hand end is to-raise-the clevis 25 by means yof the han'- dle'42 and permit'the lock 27 to enter the notch'28'fin' the actuator when the parts will emergency mechanism in no way affects the positionor limits the .operatlon of the hy- Ldrafulic motor and its connected pars', .It is also to be noted that the weight can close the regulating or throttle valve wit-houtv regard to its-position dueto the movement vof ythe lcanrengage the shoulder 25. The next step hydraulic motor. This is' obvious', since the weight-arnrmust first throw out the lock 27 before' ithitsthe 'fork and just as sjoon as the 'latch'is thrown out the hydraulic'motor'is j disengaged from the valvespindle and has no control thereon until the apparatus hasbeenreset.\, I regard this as being an essential featre ofthe invention.

' Referring to -Fig. 7, a turbine is shown in .plan. .view, with `a number of 'hand-operated valves'55. Each'of these 'valves controls one,

' two-or more noz/zlesor .nozzle sections which Vc lischarge'luid against thelbucket wheels. lThe construction and arrangement of these valves is best shown in- Fig. 8, wherein 56 is the valve, 57 the rod for actuating it, and 61 the upper endy of a port or passage leading to a nozzle or other-fluid discharging device. The rod 57 is provided with a packing 58 to 'prevent leakage. The valve is `operated by means of a lever I59 pivoted, inf a bracket 60, the latter being mouned'in the casing of the turbine;

It will bev noted that the hydraulic motor is 'capable `of moving and attached parts are -constrained from acting. L On the other hand, the action of the weight 1s in no way retarded or .controlled by the position of the vmotor piston and there- .fore of the valve. .Thismeans that while both motors work onthesame valve, neither interposes an additional load on the otherl and each performs its function at lthe proper the regulatingvalve to yand fro as the load changeswhile the weight tirne, and both cooperate lto govern the turbine in accordance with speed changes. -I have described the Aregulating valve as being normally actuated-by fluid pressure as a sourceof relay power, but it is to be understood that other forms of relay devices may be substituted-therefor of a mechanical, electrcal or other nature under. the control of a loadfresponsive device;

the condigions of service)- instead of 'being of the character. shown, maybe arranged to l move 'to 'and fro over a4 series lof ports, each port belng 'connected 'to one or more vfluiddischarging devices.

control''of speedgovernor, I and' that 1t-lie 12e The type of valve may be `varied to suit manually actuated valves 56, located in the annular valve chest 2, form secondary regulators Jfor controlling the number of ports or passages in service supplying steam or other motive uid to the nozzles or other fluid discharging devices.

The specific construction of the emergency governor shown in Fig. 9, is not claimed herein because 1t forms the subject matter of a separate application.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-

l. In a governing mechanism, the combination ot a valve which serves both as a regulatingand a shut-off valve, a mechanism for moving the valve in a manner to regulate the passage of fluid, a device responsive to load changes for controlling the action 'of said mechanism, and a second speed responsive 'device for suddenly actuating the valve under predetermined conditions.

2. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve which serves both as a regulating and a shut-off valve, a source of relay power for moving the valve forregulating purposes, a speed-responsive device controlling the action of said source on the valve, and a means lor suddenly actuating the valve under predetermined conditions.

3. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a motor for automatically" adjusting it to vary the passage of fluid to the apparatus-being governed, a second motor which under predetermined increase in speed conditions suddenly closes the valve, and a speed governor for controlling the second motor.

4. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a motor tor automatically moving the valve in a manner to vary the passage of fluid to the apparatus under control, a lock for connecting the motor and valve, and a second motor which by its movement iirst releases the lock and thereafter closes the valve under predetermined increased speed conditions. v

5. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve capable of assuming intermediate positions, a motor for actuating it that is also capable of assuming intermediate positions,'a source of power for the motor, a governor for the motor, a second motorindependent of thevalve for operating 1t under predetermined conditions, 4which hasl tWo positions only corresponding to the open and closed positions of the valve, and means connecting the second motor andthe valve in such manner that the motor moves a full stroke each time it is o erated irrespective of the position of the va ve.

6. In a governing mechanism, the com-v bination of a valve capable of assumingintermediate positions, a motor directlyconnected thereto for varying the passage' of fluid, a second motor actingon the valve through a lost-motion connection, and means responding to the speed changes for -disconnecting the first motor from the valve and allowing the second motor to-close it.

7. In a governing mechanism, the com-l bination of a valve, a motor for adjusting it to vary the passage of fluid-to the' apparatus being governed, a load-responsive device for moving the valve in a step-by-step manner both in opening and closing, and a second motor acting inde endently of the first for suddenly closing t e valve.

8. In a governing mechanism, the corn-y bination ofa valve, a motor for adjusting it to vary the'passage of fluid to the apparatus being governed, a load-responsive device for moving the valve in a step-by-step manner both in opening and closing, a second motor acting'independently of the first for suddenly closing the valve, and a speed-responsive device Which controls the second motor.

9. In a governing mechanism, the com-` bination of a valve, a motor for adjusting the valve to vary the passage of fluid to the apparatus being governed, a speed-res onsive device for regulating the motor, a fo low-up device to prevent over-travel of the motor, a second motor acting independently of the first for suddenly closing the valve, and a means for disconnecting the irst motor from the valve and permitting the second motor to act thereon.

10. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a pivotally supported valve, a

ing therectilinear movement of the motor into an oscillating movement of the valve, a second motor for suddenly closin the valve irrespective of the position of the rst motor, and a speed-responsive devicefor controlling' the action of the second motor.

11. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a fluid-actuated motor capable of assuming intermediate positions for moving thevalve, a pilot valve responding to load changes for controlling the motor, and a Weight for suddenly closingv the valve in response to predetermined conditions.

12. In a governing mechanism, the combination of a valve, a {luid-actuated motor reciprocating motor, a means for transformcapable of assuming intermediate positions for moving the valve, a pilot valve respondthe valve, and a means. responding to abnormal conditions -for releasing'the Weight and permitting it to fall and close the'valve.

13. In a governingmechanism, the com# ently of the' first' through a lost-motion for closing the valve, the said motor being ar ranged to iirst break theconnection between.

the actuator andthe valve, and a device for releasingthesecond motor and permitting it to'break the connection and close the valve.

14;'Inl a governing mechanism, the combination ofa valve, a s in'dletherefor, an"

actuator loosely mounte on the valve spindle, la device rigidly connected to the valve spindle, -alock carried by the vdevice for rigidl 'connecting the actuator and thevalve j .s ind e, a motor forl moving the actuator and t rough'it the valve, anda means for controlling the'movements of the motor. 'I

15.-' In. agoverning mechanism, the coinbination .of a valve, a s indle therefor, an

' actuator loosely mounte on thefvalve spindle, a devicerigidly connected tothe valve spindle, a loclncarriedby' the device for rigidl connectin the actuator and the valve 'spind e, a motor or moving theactuator and" throughit the valve, a means for controlling the movements of. the-valve, andl a=second motor Whichreleases the 4lock andv actuates the valve.

" 16. In a governii'ig ,mechanism, the 'coinf bination of a valve, a motor, alocking device' for connecting the movable' 'element `of `the .motor and the valve, aweight, a pivotally supported arm therefor, a; latch for holdingi the arm in a raisedp'osition,l and a means for releasing tlije arm and permitting'the. Weight to 4fall and-*release the lock and move the "17. In a governing mechanism, the combination ofv ajvalve,"a motor capable of assuinin intermediate 'positions for moving 4the va ve, la' follow-up vdevice for preventing over-travel .of thewmotor, a second motor having tWo positions, a .latchfforiestraining the second motor, a-speed-res onslve device i for starting and stopping .the rst motor, `and a second speed-responsive device for tripping' the laigchaiidlv ermitting thesec'ond moto-r to operata-and? disconnect the Vi'irst motor from and'Shu-tithevalve@V f 18. In'A a-Jfgoverning-z.mechanism, the coinbination o fa throttle valvefsupportediby aspindle, a motor foriniovingjfthe valve toi and fluid ftd the 'qlators for varying jthe. nuri'iberlof-'ports in' changes, an actuator loosely inountedonj the. valve spindle, a'5clevis 'secured-i tothe valve for releasingthe Weig releasing the said. device and normally connectsv the motor and the actua# '65 tor, an arm loosely mounted on the spindle-v Vand acting to release the lock and close the -valve by a hammer blow, a Weight for mov-4 ing the arm, and as eed-responsivedevice lit and permitting it t suddenly close the valve.

19. Ina governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a throttle'valve, .a motor for automatically adjusting the posi# tion of the valve in response to changes in load, a' second motor'for closing the valve" under abnormal conditions, and one or niore' valves for varyingthe .number of lluid.`

discharging. devices in service.

20; In a governing mechanism, the combi siil nation of a throttle valve, a motor `for shutting it suddenly in response to'l abnormal conditions', a fluid-actuated motorior movffg.

ing the valve to throttle the admission ofi.'

fluid to the apparatus .being governed, a.

starting and stopping `the motor, a crossf head connected to the movable element offf valve, and a leverand 'connecting-ro" between the viirst-rnentioned-. lever. fand fthe' cross-.head for restoring the pilotrvalve toits;

neutralposition When the movable element ofthe motor hasinoved'an amount corre spending to the movement of the speed-Haj` sponsive deviceand stopping thefmotor.

. 21. IIn a governing mechanism, the c )'ii'1biv nation ofa valve, a motor for automaticallylf sion o erned, atse'cond motor for suddenly l`c losin the valve, a device for .restraining the secon movin itto and fro toregulate the admisi; i00' fluid to the apparatus bein'ggovs motor, and a manually actuated means-for permitting the second motor to operate.y

j 22. In a governing mechanism, .the combi-'L nation of a valve for regulating the passage of motive-Huid, a hydraulic motor Smovingjn `1ro Weight Which drops ands uts t e saidfvalvef .the .valve for regulating pur oses, Yanda-aV under4 emergency conditions.

of motive Huid, a hydraulic motor moving, 'the valve fon regulating purposes, afconnect- 'In a governing mechanism, the f vnation o ffa'valve for-regulating the' passage iis Iing means@ between Athe. motor .and"'valve;l= and a .Weigh-twhich1ialls. and suddenl icloses the,k

the eonnectin 24.. Ina'governing mechanisniiorelastic" service, a primary regulator lwhich acts indeflj asf .pilot valve responding `tospeedhchanges for f I the open ports, a

motor tor actuating the primary regulator, and a'governor for controllinfr the motor.

25. n governing mechanism for elastic fluid turbines, thecombination ot fluid-discharging ports, one or more secondary regulators or-varyin@r the number of ports in service, a valve iiich vacts independently of the secondary regulators and varies the passage otmotive iiuid through the open ports, a fluid-actuated motor for moving the valve,

and a governor-controlled regulator for the i motor.

26. In governing mechanism for elastic fluid turbines', the combination of fluid-discharging ports, one or more secondary regulators for varying the number of ports in service, a valve which acts independently of the secondary regulators and is adapted to assume intermediate positions bet-Ween full o en and closed for throttling the admission oiD elastic iiuid tothe turbine, a motor connected to the valve and capable ot assuming intermediate positions between the ends ot' its strokes, and a governor for controlling the movements of the motor.

27. 'ln governing mechanism for elastic uid turbines, the combination of' Huid-discharging ports, one or more secondary regulators for varying the number of portsin service, a valve capable of assuming intermediate positions ior varying t-he passage of motive -luid through the open ports, a motor capable of moving the valve to said intermediate positions, a governor controlling the motor, and a follow-up device for preventing over-travel of the motor.

28. In governing mechanism for elastic s its normal position ling the motor, a governor for the motor and a device for restoring the pilot valve to which is actuated by the motor. v

29. ln governing mechanism for elastic tluid turbines, the combination of fluid-disharging ports, lat-ors -for varying the number of ports in service, a valve capable of assuming intermediate positions tor varying the passage ot motive iiuid through the open ports, a motor capable of moving the valve to said intermediate positions, a governor controlling the motor, and a .follow-up deviceactuated by the mot-or itself for preventing over-travel oi' the valve.

30. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a regulating valve, a motor, the movable member of whlch is connected to the valve, a chest tor-the valve, one or more secondary regulating valves also mounted in the chest for cutting orts into and out of service, and a governor or controlling the motor.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 30th day of December, 1905. OSCAR JUNGGREN.

Witnesses:

BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFoRD.

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