US890355A - Centrifugal pump. - Google Patents

Description

O. GOERIZ. GENTRIPUGAL PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 8, 1907.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

lgTo. 890,355. v PATENTED JUNE 9, 1908. 0. GOERIZ.

CENTRIPUGAL PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. s. 1907.

4 SHBETS-SHEET 2.

No. 890,355. PATENTED JUNE 9, 1908. 0. GOERIZ.

CENTRIPUGAL PUMP. APPLIGATIUN FILED mms, 1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

JWM@

I Hotum OSCAR GOERIZ, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

` Patented June 9, 1908.

Application filed January 8. 1907. Serial No. 351,297.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OSCAR GoERIz, a citi- Zenof the Empire of Germany, residing in San Francisca-in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have linvented certain new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps, of Which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to centrifugal pumps, and more particularly to centrifugal pumps of the multistage type.

One obj ect of the invention is to provide a centrifugal pump with means whereby endthrust in either direction may be entirely overcome.

A further object of the invention is to provide a centrifugal pump having im roved means whereby the Water is receive from the eripheral portion Aof each runner and con ucted to thel runner of the succeeding stage, said meanseffecting the transformation of kinetic into potential energy and thereby increasing the pressure and the efficiency of the pump. j

With these ends in view, the invention consists in the novel features of construction and combinations of arts which will be hereinafter described an claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference vcharacters denote the same parts throughout the several views, Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a vertical three-stage pump constructed in accordance with the invention, Figs. 2, 3 and 4 are transverse sections on lines A, A, B, B, and C, C, respectively, Fig. 1, Figj is a vertical longitudinal section of a horizontal three-stage pump constructed in accordance with the invention, Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail section through the adjustable bushingring and its adjacent parts, Fig. 7 is a similar section showing a modified form of the bushing-ring, in which the flanges of the ring are hule )endently adjustable, and Fig. 8 shows anotlier form of bushing-ring by which the hydraulic pressure from any stage in a multijstage centrifugal pump-may be controlled.

In the drawings 1 denotes, generally, the casing of the improved pump which is divided, us usual, into an inlet-section, an outlet-section, and a number of intermediate sections.

l denotes the inlet-section through which the fluid is sucked into the pump, and 3 the bers 17.

outletor discharge-section, which is of the usual form and provided with a dischargepipe-4. Y and 6 denote the sections of the casing in which the runners are rotatable, said sections being bolted to 'each other and to the inlet and outlet sections, as shoWn The shaft 7 is journaled Within the pumpcasing in the usual manner andY has arranged thereon three runners or impellers 8, 9, 10,

the pumps illustrated being of thev threestage type. The fluid is received from the runners 8, 9 by water-Ways 34 which conduct the fluid to the inlet of therunner ofthe next stage.

The runners 8, 9, 10 are of the well-known inclosed ty e having inclosed passages 11, as shown in ig. 2. lEach runner is provided with a suction-inlet 12 and With openings 13 by which communication is afforded with chambers 14 formed in the pum -casing at the rear of each runner. The flui in 1passing through' the openings or ports 13 lls the chambers 14, and thereby creates in them a reduced pressure which counteracts, to a certain extent only, the end-thrust on the runners. The balancing-chambersl 14 are shut off from the peripheral portions of the runners and casing-sections by co erating anges 16 extending respective y from the rear surfaces of the runners and the forward surfaces of the adjacent casing-sections.

In this manner there is formed at the -rear peripheral portion of each runner an annular chamber 17 which is in communication with the outlet of the adjacent runner. In advance of the runners 9 and 10 of the second and third stage, there are arranged in the casing-sections 5, 6 annular chambers 18A which extend aboutthe peripheral ortions of said runners opposite the cham ers\17 In advance of the runner 8 of the first stage there is an annular chamber 19 corresponding to the chambers 18, but of substantially greater ca acity, said chamber being also of substantia ly greater capacity than the cham- The chamber 19 in the vertical pump, shown in Fig. 1, is formed in the inletorsuctionsection 2, whilein the horizontal pump, shown in Fig. 5, it is formed partly in the inlet-section 2 and partly in a small seotion 20 interposed between the inlet-section 2 and the casing-section 5L' f The chamber 19 communicates with the suction-.inlet of the inlet-section '2 through a space which is left between said inlet and the -ber 19 and the suction and discharge pressures may be controlled at will, and thereby the amount of pressure on the runners in a direction from the suction toward the discharge-end of the pump made such that the pressure in the chambers 14 and 17 at the rear of the runners is exactly counterbalanced and all end-thrust eliminated. Sad means comprise a bushing-ring 21 arranged within the chamber 19 and -provided with flanges 22, 23 which control the communication between said chamber 19 and the suction and discharge pressures. The flanges 22 and 23 are concentric with eacl'i other and with the inner and outer wallsof the chamber 19, upon which Walls the are arranged to slide in a direction paralle to the pumpshaft, said flanges being connected by an annular web 24. Said bushing-ring is adj usted by bolts 25 which extend into the casing and are threaded at their inner ends into the web 24. -The connection between the casing-wall and said bolts is made water-tight by means of a number of washers, as shown, and upon the outer ends of the bolts, which extend without the casing, are placed nuts 26 by means of which said bolts may be moved longitudinally, carrying with them the web 24 and flan es 22, 23 which form the bushingring. T e nuts 26 are held a ainst longitudinal movement by lugs 26X ormed on the tate pum casing, and hence when they are rocause the advance or retraction of the bolts.

The outer flange 22 of the bushing-ring is `designed to co erate with a flange 27 extending forward y from the front-face of the first-stage runner 8, said flange bein formed at the periphery of said runner w ere the passages of the runner communicate with the water-ways of the pump-casing. Said flange 27 has formed on its outer surface a groove 28 and when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1 said groove is o posite an enlargement 29 formed at the e ge of the flange 22, there being a sufficient space between said enlargement and roove `to ermit commu# nication between t e outlet o the runner and the counterbalancingchamber 19. However, when the bushing-ring 21 is shifted toward the suction-end ofthe'pump, the enlargement 29 will be moved to re ister with the enlarged edge-portion 30 of t e runnerflange 27 and the parts 29 and 30 will be in the space between the runner and suctioninlet is completely closed by said flange, to a position in which itis open, in order to permit the chamber 19 to communicate with the suction-inlet and thereby have the pressure in said chamber substantially the same as that in the suction-inlet. The web 24 connects the flanges 22, 23 in such a manner that when the flange 22 permits communication between the counterbalancing-chamber and the outlet of the first runner, the flange 23 will cut off communication between said chamber and the suction-inlet, and vice versa.

For a pump with a horizontal shaft, as shown in Fig. 5, the chambers 14 and 17 at the rear of the runners of the second', third, and following stages are made of such capacity that theoretically the pressure in the 'same will be exactly equal to that in the chambers 18 and within the suction-inlets of the runners, so that the runners will be exactly balanced and have no end-thrust exerted thereon. In practice, however, there are influences to be considered which prevent this balancing of pressures and the complete elimination of the end-thrust. For instance, when the bulk of water inclosed in the chamber 18 in advance of the runner is considerably greater than that in the opposite chamber 17 at the rear of the runner, it follows that the water in the forward chamber rotates more slowly than in' the rear chamber, and hence the hydraulic pressure in the forward chamber is greater than in the rear chamber. Also, when there is a very little'more clearance between the coperating flanges 15, 16 than at the forward edges of the suction-inlets of the runners, the pressure in the chambers 17 lwill be less than in the chambers 18.

tain end-thrust toward the discharge-end of the ump. VV'Even when the pump-runners are b use, it is practically impossible to maintain this balance by reason of the unequal wear of the various flanges. These defects are obviated by the .improved adjustable bushing-ring, by means of which the pressure in the counterbalancing-chamber 19 of the first stage may be madeto offset or compensate for the difference in pressure between the chambers 14 and 17 and the chambers 18.

SupposingI the parts to be in the Aposition shown in Fig. 1, and the communication which exists between the outlet of the first runner and the counterbalancing-chainber l In both of these cases there would, therefore, be experienced a cer- 19 to be so great that an end-thrust is eX- erted toward the discharge-end of the pump, the bushing-ring 21 is shifted toward the suction-end of the pump by means of its nut and bolt connections. In this manner the enlargement 29 of the flange 22 Will be brought into close contact with the enlargement at the forward edge of the' flange 27 and the communication will be more or less shut off, so that the pressure in the counterbalancingchamber will be reduced. In case this decrease in the pressure in the counterbalancing-chamber is insufficient to overcome the end-thrust, the bushing-ringv 21 has to be further shifted toward the suction-end of the pump, and a continued movement in this direct-ion will result in the space between the suction-inlet and the inlet of the rst runner being uncovered, whereby communication is afforded between the suction-pressure and the counterbalancing-chamber. Inasmuch as vthe pressure at the suction-inlet is very much less than at the outlet of the runner, the pressure in the counterbalancing-chamber will be very much reduced, so that the end-thrust will be overcome. pressure in the chamber 19 becomes too low the bushing-ring, must be shifted in the opposite direction, as will be understood. The arrangement of the bushing-ring is especially advantageous as both of its flanges may be moved at Jthe same time in such a manner as to quickly produce the required change in pressure in the counterbalancingchamber. y

In the. modification shown in Fig. 7, the flanges 31, 82, which control communication between the counterbalancing-chamber and the discharge and suction pressures, instead of being connected, arernade separate and independently adjustable. These flanges, however, act in the manner before described. 'lhey are adjusted by bolts 31X and 32x and nuts 3 1y and 32Y.

In Fig. 8 there is shown an adjustable bushing-ring 83- which only controls communication between pressure-chamber 37 and chamber 18 in advance of the first runner. This ring is particularly adapted for use with the pressure received from the second or third or any other stage in a multistage centrifugal pump. By the adjustment of this ring the pressure in the chambers 18- may be readily controlled.

The second part of this invention relates to an improved arrangement of the diffusingpassages or water-ways by means of which the fluid is conducted from the outlet of one ruimer to the inlet of the. runner in the next stage. The object of the improved arrangement of the diffusing-passages is to produce the transformation of the kinetic. energy of the fluid leaving the outlet of each runner into potential energy olnhydraulic pressure by means of' steady changes ol' velocity.

When the 'toward radial direct-ion.

whereby the efficiency of the pump is increased. When water is discharged through a passage which steadily increases in area so as to avoid shock orimpact, its speed will be slowed down at the same rate at which the area of the passage is enlarged. Under these conditions it may be expected that the difference between the original and final kinetic energy is not lost'. In prac-tice, nearly the whole amount of this energy is transformed into potential energy, that is to say, the hydraulic pressure is augmented, subject, ol' course, to the loss of work which must occur by friction of the fluid along the walls ol' the passages. This principle of hydraulics has been applied in the arrangement of' the improved diffusingpassages or water-ways. As shown in Figs. 1 and 5, the water-ways I-l extend from the peripheral portion of each casing-section 5, 6 to the inlet-mouth of the runner of the next stage. At the point where these water-ways communicate with the outlets of the runners they extend transversely of the casing and tangentially to the circumference of the runners, as shown in Fig. 2. Said water-ways increase in crosssectional area as they extend in outward direction, as shown in Fig. 2, and are curved 'Yhen they reach the outer portions of the casing-sections they extend longitudinally of thc pump-casing, as indicated at 35.' These passages then extend radially toward the shaft, as shown in Fig. 2%, the passages being at this point of greater cross-sectional area than at ltheir outer bends, where they extend longitudinally of the pump-casing, and defined by radial ribs 36.

The water or other fluid after leaving the passages of each runner is directed into the tangential portions of the water-ways 34, after which it flows axially of the pump through the enlarged bends 35, after which it is forced .back again toward the shaft through the comparatively wide radial portions of said water-ways. In this m'anner, when thewateris discharged tangentiallyinto the diffusing-passages, it has great kinetic energy, but, owing to the gradual increase in cross-sectional area of the water-ways and to the fact that the bends in said water-ways are gradual and not abrupt, this kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy, that is to say, the pressure within the pump is augmented, and hence when the. water is delivered to the runner of the next stage said runner receives it at a greatly increased pressure.

As shown in Fig. 3, the axial portions of the diffusing-passages are of semicircular cross-section, this section being favorable. for the stream of the fluid as well as for the core of the casting; but any other Asuitable section may beused. When the water passes radiall)T in inward direction, it passes between the radial ribs` 36. the inner ends of' which are in close proximity tothe inlet-mouthof the adjacent runner.

Having thus descrlbed my invention,` I'

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a centrifugal pump, the combina-tion,

with a casing and a runner rotatable therein,

of a chamber inv advance of said runner andI communicating with the inlet and outlet of said runner, andmeans withinsaid chamber to control such communication.

2. In a centrifugal pump, the combination,

v with a casing and a runner rotatable therein,

with a casing and a runner rotatable therein,

of a chamber in advance of said runner and communicating directly with the inlet and outlet of said runner, and means within said chamber to control such communication.

3. In a centrifugal pump, the combination,

,spaces with the inlet and outlet/of said runner, and means to control such communication.

5. In a centrifugal pump, the combination, v

' of a casing having water-ways, a runner rocontrol such communication.

tatable in said casing and communicating at its eripheral portion with said water-ways, sai runner having a suction-inlet, counterbalancing-chambers at the rear of said runner, an annular chamber in advance of said runner and communicating with the inlet and outlet thereof, and adjustable means to 6. In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a casing having water-ways, a runner IQ- tatable in said casing and communicating at its peripheral portion with said water-ways,

' said runner having a suction-inlet, counterbalancing-chambers at Athe rear of said runner, an annular chamber in advance of said runner and communicating with the inlet and outlet. thereof, and an adjustable bushingring to control such communication. j

7 In a centrifugal pump, the combination of a casing having water-ways, a runner rotatable in said casing and communicating at its peripheral portion with said water-ways,

said runner having a suction-inlet, counterbalancing-chambers at the rear of said runner, an annular chamber in advance of said runner and communicating with the inlet and outlet thereof, a bushing-ring to control such communication, and means whereby said ring may be adjusted from the exterior of the pump-casing.

8. In a centrifugal pump, the combination,

with a casing, a shaft journaled therein, and runners mounted on said shaft and rotatable in said casing, of counterbalancing-chambers arranged at the rear of said runners, a counterbalancing-chamber in advance of the runner of the first stage, said chamber communicatin with the suction-inlet and the outlet of 'said st runner, means to control the communication between said chamber and said inlet, and means to control communication between said chamber and said outlet.

9. In a centrifugal pump, the combination, with a casing having an inlet, of a runner rotatable in said casing and having an inlet adjacent and in communication .with said first-named inlet, a counterbalancing-cham-l ber in advance of said runner and in communication with said inlets, and a flange in said chamber 'slidable over the adjacent edges of said inlets.

10. In a centrifugal pump, the combination, with a casing having water-ways, of a runner in said casing having its outlet in communication with said water-ways, a counterbalancing-chamber in advance of said runner and in communication with the outlet of said runner, and a flange in said chamber slidable into the space between the periphery of said runner and the adjacent wall of the casing and operable, to cut off communication between said chamber and said outlet.

11. In a centrifugal pump, the combination, with a casing, a shaft journaled therein, and runners mounted on said shaft and rotatable in said casing, of, counterbalancingchambers arranged at the rear of said runners, a counterbalancing-chamber in advance of the runner of the first stage, said chamber communicating with the suction-inlet and the outlet of said first runner, a fiange to control the communication between said chamber and saidinlet, and a flange to control communication between said chamber and said outlet.

12. In a centrifugal pump, the combination, with a casinga shaft journaled therein, and runners mounted on said shaft and rotatable `in said casing, of counterbalancingchambers arranged at the rear of said runners, a counterbalancing-chamber in advance of the runner 'of the first stage, said chamber communicating with the suction-inlet and the outlet of said first runner, means to control the communication between said Chamber and-said inlet, means to control communication between said chamber and said outlet, and means whereby both of said means may be 4simultaneousl adjusted.

13. In a centrifugal pump, the combination, with a casing, a shaft journaled therein, and runners mounted on said shaft and rotatable in said casing, of counterbalancingchambers arranged at the rear of said runners, a counterbalancing-chamber in advancev of the runner of the first stage, said chamber .communicating with the suction-inlet and and the outlet of said first runner, a ange to control the communication between said chamber. and said inlet, a flange to control communicationbetween said chamber `and said outlet, awebconnecting said flanges,

- tween said Chamberland said inlet is Iopened when communication between the former and said outlet is cut 0H.

15. In a centrifugal ump, the combina.- tion, with a casing an a runner rotatable therein, of a counterbalancing-chamber in advance of'said runner and communicating directly with the inlet and outlet of said runner, and means whereby communication b`etween ysaid counterbalancing-chamber and said outlet is cut off and communication with said inlet simultaneously established.

16. I n a centrifugal multistage pump, the combination, with the casing having the waterways and the runners rotatable in-said caslng and communicating at their outlets with said water-ways, of an annular chamber arran ed in advance of the first runner, and an adjustable bushing-ring in said chamber which establishes communication between said chamberand the' outlet of the first run'-, ner and simultaneously cuts off. communicaltion between said chamber and the inlet of saidrunner, and vice versa. c

17.\- Ina multistage centrifugal pum the combination of a casing, a plurality o -runners rotatable therein, a counterb-alancingchamber arranged in advance of the first runner, a bushlng-ring in said chamber hav` ing a flan tween sal first runner e to control communicationrbechamber and the outlet of said and a second iiange to control runner, a flange to control the communica'- .communication between said chamber-and the suction-inlet, and means whereby said ring may be adjusted from the exterior of the' at its peripheral portion with said water-v ways, said runner having'a suction-inlet, a 'counterbalanclng chamber at the rear of said runner, an annular chamber in' advance ofr said runner and communicating with the inlet and outlet thereof, and means to control such communication. 1

19. In a centrifugallpump, the combination, with a casing, a shaft ournaled therein, and a runner mounted on-said shaft and rotatable in said casing,4 of a counterbalancing chamber arranged at, the rear of said runner, a counterbalancing chamber in advance of said runner, said chamber communicatin with the suction-inlet and the outlet of sai runner, means to control the communication between said chamber and said inlet, and means to control communication between said chamber and said outlet.

20.. In a centrifugal pump, the combination, with a casing, a shaft ournaled therein, and a runner mounted on said shaft 'and rotatable in said casing, of a C ounterbalancing chamber arranged at the rear of said runner, va counterbalancing chamber in advance of said runner, said chamber communicatin with vthe suction-inlet and the outlet of sai tion bet'ween said chamber and'said inlet, and a flange to control `communication between said chamber and said outlet.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribin witnesses.

' OS AR GOERIZ. Witnesses: 1 lHENRY G. PLUMMER,

.W. T. Huss-I

Images