US884070A - Space telegraphy. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

S. CBO'I.'l SPACE TELEGRAPHY, APPLIOATI'ON FILED Nov. 13, 190e.

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srnrns rnrnNr c snwALL cABoT, or BRooKL INE, MAssAcnUsnrrs, AssrGNon 'r'o sroNE TELGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

SPACE T ELEGRAPHY.

Specification o Letters Patent.

-1 Patenteaaprn 7, 190s.

Application ijled. November 13, 1906. Serial No. 343,205.

To all whom it may concern:

sonorous circuit is controlled by means of a suitable high potential .key or switch placed in the circuit which connects. the secondary winding of a high potential transformer wit said sonorous circuit, and in which the sonoreus circuit may be provided Vwith a lurality f serially connected condenser's o large form a part of this specification I have illus-4 'trated in diagram two arrangements of ap- 'is a sonorous circuit.

ca acity; y

-n the drawings which accompany and paratus and circuit connections whereby the hereinbefore mentioned objects may be carried into effect.

In the drawings* Figure l represents a space telegraph transmitting system Y and Fig. 2 represents a combined transmitting and receiving system.

A represents a source of vibratory current such for example as an alternating current generator, .which is connected through theswitch N with the primary 1', of the high potential transformer M, which preferably is a closed magnetic circuit transformer. The circuitI S C I1 O, which includes the spark gap S, the condensers C C and the primary I1 of the oscillation transformer M, The secondary I2 of the transformer It is connecte to thev sonorous circuit through the intrmediary'of the series Contact switch or key K, which, as shown, is provided with a light rod e of insulating material carrying the contact members P. The contact members P cooperate with the contact members Q supported by the insulator c. Although not necessary,

Athe contact members P and Q may be immersed in an insulating iiuid such as the oil G contained in the vessel F. The front and back stops c and b are so adjusted that'when the key K, which is pivoted at d', is maintained by the spring' c on its front contact c,

the separation of the sev-eral co erating members P and Q at the points is not suicient to permit the potential developed at the terminals of the secondary I2 to break down the insulation atsaid points and there. by charge the condensers C C. However, when the key is brought against its back shop t, 'the potential developed at thetermin-als of the secondary4 of the transformer M is sufficient to rupturethe dielectric separating the several members P and Q at the points lc and therebyl charge the condensers C C., The

. condensers C C by discharging across the gap S develop electrical oscillations in the sono-l rous circuit and the @I lgy'of Said OSCiua tions is translated tothe elevated conductor V by the transformerM, the secondary of which is included in said elevated conductor, and radiated in the form of electromagnetic Waves;

It Will be obvious that any number of contact members Pand Q may be employed, and that the number employed will depend upon the potential developed at the secondary of the transformer M, while said potential, other things being e ual, will depend upon the length of the spar gap S. By way of example, 1f the length of said gap is one inch and if the terminals thereof are separated by air at ordinaryT pressure, the boter tial necessary to cause sparking at said gap will be about 75000 volts. In such case'the separation of the members P and Q at the points 7c may be one-eighth of an inch and asufficient number of the members P and Q may be employed to provide eight gaps 7c. There will then be a discontinuity 1n the intermediate circuit which includes the secondary of the transformer M and the members Pand Q, of'one inch of dielectric which as shown in Fig. 2 may be air, and, inasmuch as a much greater difference of potential is required to reak down a'series gap one inch in length and consisting of a plurality of smaller' gaps than is required to break down a gap of equal length between two terminals, such as the spark gap S, no discharge will take place4 across the vseveral juxta osed members P and Q.` If the stroke of't e key is adjusted to one-thirtysecond of an inch, alarger number of contact members P and Q would be employed. Preferably the insulatingrod Y' e and the movablecontact members Pare`- made as light as possible so as not to interfere with rapid signaling, and preferably when -the key is down onits back sltophthemembers P and Q are not brought into co'ritact,

but are separated bysay one-tliirtyesecond vor one-siXty-fourth of an inch at the several Various attempts heretoforey have been' made toJcontr'ol by means of Morse keys -large l amounts of energy in the primary .power circuitsfsuchas the 'circuit A N I"of 15- so'l far as" lam 'aware lthese attempts have wireless telegraph transmitting systems, but

not been successfulon account ofv thelarge "amperage developed in 'said circuits.. By means of the presentinventioii I provide a means forcontrolling the current supplied to the sono'rouscircuit in that part, of the sysi tern in .which the amperage is small and the principle involved therein.

potential correspondingly greater. It will e obvious to those skilled in the art that many embodiments of my invention may be l devised without departing from the principlerv thereof as above set forth, and it is to be understood therefore that the diagrams shownin Figs. land 2 are not to be considered as limitations of my invention, but

merely as conventionalillustrations of the l prefer, as shown in Fig. 2, to operate thekey K. or series contact switch by means of a magnetia2 controlled byaii ordinary Morse key K such as used in wire telegraphy The circuit which includes said magnet and battery B and which is closed at the point 7c mav also include the magnets 1 and r.

ln this case the magnet r2 or its spring c may be so constructed and arranged that the armatures of the magnets 1 and r -will be attracted befre that of the magnet r2. By depressing the key K the armature t is attracted thereby closing the` contact c and short-circuiting the terminals of the receiving 'system between the points 0 0 across which there exists a practically zero differ .ence of potential when oscillations are created the elevated transmitting conductor sys. tem V .l2 E. The conductor o E is a con ductor having practically ze'ro impedance so that when the' contact 7c is closed the points o o have practically zero potential to earth. Simultaneously withthe closure of tliecon'- tact f, or before or after said closure, the

4 contact k is o ened by the energization of the magnet 'r' t iereby opening the circuit of the oscillation detector Y, and finally, after the system has thus been put in condition for transmitting the armature K is attracted and the sonorous circuit is energized. In the ref ceiving system, the iiiductance L and the condenser C may be employed for altering the natural period of the elevated receiving conductor s y'fste'm". M'ffl'a .a transformer, the

vprimaryl, of which is included in the ele- .vatedireceivi'ng conductor system and the secondary'lf, of which foriris part ofthe resonant receiving circuitfC. `The oscillation de tectorY which may be of any suitabletype and which herein is shown as an anode Z of small areafand a cathode z of much larger area immersed in an electrolyte, may be associated in any suitable manner witlrthe resonant receiving circuit. VT isa telephone and R is a resistance which with the battery B'constitutes a potentiometer.

Considerable difficulty has heretofore been fexperienced' by wireless telegraph engineers in vmaking the condensers of oscillating circuits standup tothe high potentials iinpressed upon them. ,Various types of high potential condensers have been devised, but

,on account of the` ionization of the4 dielectric in the immediate vicinity of the edges of the condenser l'plates 4and the resulting brush dischaigesw iich there take place the life ofs'uch condensers is liable to `be shortened. Assuming', by way of eXamplelthat the spark gap S of the sonorouscircuit is of such length that 75000 volts. di'erence of potential will be developed between the armatures of the oscillating-circuit condenser, the' ionization` of the air `immediately surrounding the points of Greatest electrical density willscause a brush t iscliarge which not only kunnecessarily absorbs energy but which causes a more or less rapid deterioration of the con'- denser dielectric, .and :this ,is-true even Ialthough( the condenser be immersed in oil or Y.

otherinsulating fluid. lf instead of using 'one condenser of say 015 microfarads capacity, we connectin series with the spark gap S and primary I, ten large condensers each of .15 microfarads capacity, it Will bev obvious that the resultant ca acity of the oscillation circuit is the same as efore and also that the diHerence of potential .developed at the ter minals of eachv condenser is only 1/10 of what it was before, or 7500 volts. *lf the condensers are each charged to a potential as low as 7 500 volts, or even to a potential of greater value, no ionization of the air or other dielectric surrounding the condenser .can

.take place and hence there will be nobrush which may be so thin on account of the relatively low. potential developed between the plates that the desired capacity may be oba normally open intermediate. circuit contained b v'constitutingeach condenser of two plates o conducting material pasted onthe opposite' sides of a sin le plate of insulating' material such as a. thin plate of glass or a sheet of paraffined paper. Iclaim, f v. 1. In a space' telegraph system, a normally closed power circuit includ-ing thefprimaiy.

winding of a transformer, a sonorous circuit, a normally open intermediate;V circuit conl necting said sonorous circuit lto thesecondary of said transformer and means operated by a sending key for controlling the current flow in said intermediatecircuit- 2. In a space telegraph syste,V closed power circuitr-lnclildmg the primary winding of a transformer, a sonorous, circuit,l

a normally open Aii'iterinediate crC'uitcOnnecting said sonorouscircuit' to the second-. ary of said transformer anda series contact. switch o erated by a sending keyfor coiitrolling t ie current flow in said intermediate j circuit.

3. In a space telegraph system, a normally closed power circuit including the-'primary Winding of a transformer, a sonorous circuit,

necting said sonorous circuitvto the secondary of said transformer, means for controlling said intermediate circuit, a Morse key, and a magnet controlled thereby for operating said means. Y

' 4. In a space telegraph system, a sonorous circuit, a normally closed power circuit, a

normally open intermediate circuit connecting said sonorous circuit with said power 1 circuit, and means for controlling said normally open circuit, said means comprising a switch having a plurality of series-contacts.

5. In a space telegraph system, a normally closed power circuit including the primary winding of' a transformer, a sonorous circuit,

a normally open intermediate circuit con-- necting said sonorous circuit to the secondary of said transformer, and means for controlling said normally open circuit, said means comprising a switch having a plurality of series-contacts.

6. In a space telegraph system, a normally closed power circuit including the primary.y

winding of a transformer, a sonorous circuit, a normally open intermediate circuit connecting said sonorous circuit tothe secondary of said transformer, and a magneticallytor openeda normally said intermediate circuit. f f7. In a lspaceftelegraph system, an. elevated conductor, areceiv'ing system conl i operated series-contact switch for controlling 5.5

nected therewith, an oscillation detector Ya'sy vsociated With said receiving'sys-temfa transmitting system associated-with Said elevated conductor, a'sending key and electrorn'agnets controlledby said keyand s`o..construjc'te'd and arranged that uponthedepressi'onl-of.

lsaid key Vthe receivingsysteni willlbe shortcircuited., the `circuit of the oscillation.d etecenergized and the transmitting..` system l8; Inyaspaceitelegraph system, .an ele- .vated conductor, a receiving systein' c oI1`-.. l

nectedv therewith,- an oscillation.detectoras!l jv sociated with said receiving system, a transfv ;'v

conductor, a sending key'and Aelectroniagnets controlled thereby, means operated-by 'oiie of saidI electroinagnets for sliort-circiiiting.

jiiiit'ting system associated-with saidelevated said receiving system and means operated-by I ling said 'transmitti ngfsystem..` Y y. y 9. In .a space?.telegraph system, van elelanother of: said electromagn'ets'ffor controlvated conductor, a,4 receiving system asse- 4c iated therewith, an 'oscillation 'detector asfsoci'ated with saidre'ceiving system', .a trans-- -mitting-system associated with said elevated conductor, `a sendingkey and three electrom'agnetscontrolled thereby, means operated byvoneof fsaid electromagnets for short-circuiting said receiving system, means voperated by another ofsaid electromagnets for opening the circuit 'of' said oscillation detector, and'means operated by the third electrosecondary winding of said transformer, and a series-contact switch forlcoiitrolling said intermediate circuit.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto Isubscribed my name this 12th day of Nov.,

SEWALL CABOT.:

Witnesses:

E. B. ToMLiNsoN, GEO. K. WooDwoRrH.

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