US671403A - Wireless-telegraph system. - Google Patents

Description

No. 67;,403. Patented Apr. 2, lem.

H. SHUEMAKER.

WIRELESS TELEGBAPH SYSTEM. (Application led Nov. 26, 1900.) (Nq Modl.)

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, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY SHOEMAKER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO MARIE V.- GEHRING, OF SAME PLACE.

WIRELESS-TELEG RAPH SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent N0. 671,403, dated April 2, 1901.

Application flied November 26, 1900. Serial No. 37,821. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, HARRY SHOEMAKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wireless Telegraph Systems; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as Will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to certain novel improvements in Wireless-telegraph systems; and the objects are to simplify the construction, improve the operation, and increase the efciency of the apparatus.

To these ends the novelty and invention consist in the construction, combination, and arrangement of the several elements of the device, as will be hereinafter more fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings the same reference characters indicate the same parts of the invention.

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the transmitting apparatus.` Fig. 2 is a similar View of the receiving apparatus. Fig. 3 is a top plan vieW of the air-plate shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a similar View of the airplate shown in the receiving apparatus.

A denotes the transmitting and B the receiving apparatus.

l designates the air-plate, which is supported at a suitable elevation, and it consists of a series of parallel horizontal metallic disks 2 2, supported on a vertical conducting-rod 3, mounted on a conducting-stand 4, from which a conductor 5 leads to the binding-post 6, fixed on an insulating-plate 7, which forms the top of the oscillator, and this bindingpost 6 is electrically connected to the post S, which supports a large conducting-sphere 9, and counter-post sphere 10 being mounted on a similar post 12, ixed on the opposite side of the top plate 7 and in electrical connection With the binding-post 13, from Which afconductor 14 extends to the ground-plate 15. 16 17 designate similar smaller spheres fixed on the conducting-posts 18 19, Which are also `fixed in and extend through said top plate 7 and connected to the terminals of a condenser comprising interleaved and alternately-arranged conductor-plates 20 21,Which are inclosed Within a non-conducting casing 22, fixed to the said top plate 7 and filled With any suitable liquid dielectric, such as a heavy oil or the like, and supported on the stand 23.

From the binding-post 6 of the oscillator a conductor 24 extends to one binding-post terminal 24 of the secondary of the Ruhmkorff coil 25, and from the opposite terminal 26 a conductor 27 extends to the ground-wire 14. A condenser 100 is bridged across the interrupter-terminals to prevent sparking. 28 designates the transmitting-battery, Which is in circuit with the primary of said induction-coil through the medium of the conductors 29 30, and 31 designates the usual Morse signaling-key interposed in said primary-coil circuit, the operation being such that When the usual dots and dashes constituting the Morse alphabet are transmitted by the key 31 corresponding induced impulses are created in the secondary and by means of the Wires 24 are conducted to the oscillator, Where they are amplified and converted into etheric Waves or oscillations, which are dissipated through the medium of the airplate l and ground-plate l5. y

32 designates the air-plate of the receiving apparatus, and it consists of a series of vertical parallel semicylindrical conductorplates 33 33, arranged concentrically and mounted on a conductor-stand 34, supported in `any suitable manner, and from this stand a conductor 35 extends to the conductor-Wire 36 of the coherer 37, Which consists of a hermetically-sealed glass tube from Which the air has been exhausted and which is mounted Within the solenoid 38. The upper end of the conductor 36 is connected to a contact-plug 39, Which is beveled on its upper end, as shown, and 40 denotes a reversely-arranged and counter-post plug separated from the former by a non-conducting strip 41, and from the plug 40 a conductor 42 extends to the ground-plate 43.

44 designates a non-conducting plug provided with an axial orice 45 and fixed within the coherer, and 46 represents a soft-iron split ring supported by the said plug 44 and within the inductive influence of the solenoid 38, which is formed about a longitudinallysplit soft-iron core 38.

47 denotesasmall quantity of annealedironfilings which normally rest by gravity in the pocket formed by the beveled ends of the con- Y circuit to protect the coherer and the relay 48, respectively, from the effect of heavy currents of induction or from extraneous sources. The relay local circuit commences at the armature 51, from which a conductor 52 extends to one pole of the local battery 53, and

from the opposite pole a conductor 54 extends to one binding-post of the local sounder 55, and a conductor 56 extends from the conductor 54 to the solenoid 38, from whence a conductor 57 extends to the stationary contact-point 58, fixed in the path of the relayarmature 51, andfrom the said conductor 57 a branch conductor 59 extends to the remaining binding-post of the sounder 55, and 60 61 designate high-resistance bridges interposed between the conductors 52 57 and conductors 54 and 59 to protect the apparatus from hightension jerk of current generated when the circuit is broken at the relay.

'Ihe particular advantages of the parallel arrangement of the air-plates reside in the fact that they afford a large capacity area and an increased radiating-surface, thereby producing oscillations of increased regularity and intensity. Furthermore, this arrangement obviates the necessity of employing tall masts to support the aerial conductors, as I.

have found that relatively short metallic supports carrying the parallel plates are more efficient than the old form of towering masts with single radiating-plates. The respective types illustrated are adapted to be used interchangeably, and both the transmitting and receiving stations may be equipped with the same type of aerial conductor.

The operation of the system above described is as follows: On depressing the key 31 to make, for example, a dash the induced currents set up in the secondary of the induction-coil spark across the spark-gaps of the oscillator and generate surges or impulses which radiate into space from the aerial conductor 1. Some of the impulses or oscillations strike the aerial conductor 32 at station B and are carried by wire 35 to ground through the detector 37, causing the iron-filings therein to cohere, allowing the local battery 101 to act and close the relay 48. The armature 58 of said relay closes the circuit of battery 53 and energizes sounder 55.\ At the same time solenoid 38 is energized by derived current from battery 53 and the ring-armature 46 attracts the iron-filings, causing the latter to decohere, thereby interrupting the current from battery 101, opening therelaycircuit, and restoring the mechanism to normal condition to be acted upon by a succeeding impulse from the transmitting-station.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown my apparatus in the best form now known to me; but very many changes in the details may be made within the skill of an electrician without departing from the principle of my invention.

I-Iaving thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and useful, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States,

1. In a wireless-telegraph system, a transmitting apparatus comprising a signaling-circuit embracing the primary of an inductioncoil, an oscillator provided with an aerial and a grounded conductor in the secondary of said coil, said aerial conductor comprising a series of parallel conductor-plates and a conductor-rod supporting the same.

2. In a wireless-telegraph system, any aerial conductor comprising a series of parallel conductor-plates, and a conductor-supporting rod, common to all the plates, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. v

3. In a wireless-telegraph system, a transmitter comprising an oscillator consisting of a pair of-conductor-spheres included in the transmitter circuit, a second pair of conductor-spheres arranged in juxtaposition to said rst-mentioned spheres to provide airgaps between all of said spheres and a condenser bridged between said second set of spheres.

4. In a wireless-telegraph system, a transmitter comprising an oscillator, consisting of a pair of parallel insulated conductor-rods, a series of interleaved, alternating conductorplates carried by said rods, a liquid dielectric encompassing said plates, conductorspheres fixed to the exposed ends of said rods, apair of conductor-spheres arranged in the same plane with the said spheres first noted and embraced in the transmitter-circuit, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a wireless telegraph system, a receiver comprising main circuit, a coherer located in said circuit, an electromagnetic ring mounted in the coherer, a solenoid encompassing said coherer ring and embraced within the local circuit, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a wireless telegraph system, a receiver comprising an aerial conductor consisting of a series of semicylindrical concentric conductor-plates, a conductor-stand common to all the plates, a ground-plate, and a coherer interposed between said air and earth roo V IIO plates, substantially as and for the purpose my hand in presence of two subscribing Witset forth. messes.-

7. In a system of Wireless telegraphy, an aerial conductor comprising a series of semi- 5 cylindrical concentric conductor-plates and a Witnesses:

supporting-conductor common to said plates. GUSTAVE P. GEHRING,

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set JOSEPH S. HAGAN.

HARRY SHOEMAKER.

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