US882632A

US882632A - Machine for turning irregular objects.

Info

Publication number: US882632A
Application number: US39838007A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frank Hanses
Original assignee: HENRY P DECKER; ROYAL A EASTMAN
Current assignee: HENRY P DECKER; ROYAL A EASTMAN
Priority date: 1907-10-21
Filing date: 1907-10-21
Publication date: 1908-03-24
Anticipated expiration: 1925-03-24

Description

.No. 882,632. PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908. F. HANSES.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED 0O'l.21, 1907.

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No. 882,632. I PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908. F. HANSES.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.21.1907.

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wzeaoean' MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJECTS.

APPLICATION FILED OGT.21. 1907.

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No. 882,632. PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908. F. HANSES.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJEOTS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK HANSES, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TO HENRY P. DECKER, ONE-FOURTH TO FILLMORE DECKER, AND ONE-FOURTH TO ROYAL A. EASTMAN, OF

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

MACHINE FOR TURNING IRREGULAR OBJECTS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 24, 1908.

Application filed filed October-21, 1907. Serial No. 398,380.

To all whom it rriay concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK HANSES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, countyof Cook, State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Machines for Turning Irregular ()bjects; and declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to lathes for forming objects having irregular shapes and it has for its primary 0 ject to improve the construction and mode of operation of such lathes.

In machines of this character as heretofore constructed it is customary to rotate the blank which is to be operated upon and at the same time early the blank toward and into engagementwith a cutter rotating about an axis parallel with the axis of rotation of the blank. There is a tendency on the part of the cutter to draw the blank toward it so as to make a deeper out than is intended.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a machine wherein this tendency on the part of the cutter to enter too dee ly into the material of the blank is entire y obviated. -Furthermore, in the old form of machines, great difficulty is experienced in reproducing exactly an irregular outline and it is impossible to reproduce such an outline if it contains fairly sharp curves or turns.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a machine wherein an outline may be exactly reproduced notwithstanding that there may be portions which have comparatively short radii of curvature.

l A further object of my invention is to provide a novel and eflicient cutter-head.

In carrying out my invention I make use of a cutter-head which rotates, not on an axis parallel with the axis of rotation of the blank which is operated upon, but upon an axis which is at right an les to the axis of rota tion of the blank. The only pull which,the tool can exert upon the blank to draw it toward the tool is therefore inthe direction V parallel with the axis of the Work and, since the work may be firmly supported in the axial direction there'is no danger of distorting the outline even to the smallest degree.

The tool, which preferably has cutting edges both on the end and the sides thereof, may be given as small a diameter as is desirable and the nose thereof may be rounded or given any other desired shape, so that an outline having comparatively sharp curves may be accurately reproduced. I prefer to use in conjunction with my improved cutter a small guide wheel for engaging with the pattern and, by shaping the nose of the cutter to conform to the contact surface of theguide wheel measured axially thereof the pattern may be reproduced with absolute accuracy from the blank.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention will be pointed out with'particularity in the appended claims, but for a full understanding of my invention in its various aspects, reference may be had to the followin detailed description taken in connection wit 1 the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 and Fig. 2 are res ectively a front and a side elevation of a mac ine arranged in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 3

is a plan View of the carriage on' whicharemounted the guide wheel and the cutter-head Fig. 4 is a front view of the carriage shown in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a section taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 3; Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the 1min the main an ordinary last-turning lathe which .has been modified so as to incorporate therein a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It will, of course, be understood, however, that my invention is not limited to the particular type of machine' illustrated or even to last-turning machines, since my invention may be used to advantage where ever it is desired to reproduce any irregular outline.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates the stationary'frame of the machine, and B is a suitable carriage slidably mounted upon the Ways A. The carriage may take any de- 7; Fig. 10 is a sec- 90 centers F.

sired form, as for exampleit may consist of the two members B and B On the carrlage is sup orted a forked arm 0 carrying within the ork thereof a guide wheel 0 of' small diameter. The guide wheel is journaled within the fork so as to rotate about an axis parallel with the direction of movement of the carriage u on the bed of the machine. Mounted upon t e other end of the carriage 1s the cutting tool D, it being carried upon the end of a shaft dwhich is revolubly supported in a pair of bearings b b so as to rotate about an axis at right angles to the axis -tions of a cross-section taken through the guide wheel on a plane containing the axis. It will be seen that the guide wheel maybe made as small in diameter and as thin as may be desired, the cutter, of course, being in each.

instance so shaped as to maintain the desired relation to the guide wheel.

E is a swinging frame having two sets of centers F and F respectively. The-pattern, which in the illustration is shown as a finished last G, is placed on the centers F. The blank G which is to be transformed into a last similar to the-pattermis placed on the the machine that the pattern is normally held against the guide wheel. The several sets of centers are rotated at the same rate of speed in any suitable manner. Thus a counter-shaft 6 may be provided with pinions e and 6 respectively which mesh with gear wheels e and e carried respectively by the centersf and f. The counter-shaft may be driven by means of a belt e which passes over a pulley a revolubly supported upon the frame of the machine and connected to a pulley at. The ulley a may be driven by means of a be t a passing over a pulley a carried by a counter-shaft a which is revolubly supported upon the frame of the machine. means of a belt a which passes over pulleys a and a carried respectively by the shaft a and the main driving shaft H.

It Will be seen upon rotating the main shaft one of the centers of each set will be rotated and the pattern and the blank will each be rotated with its respective center. The cutter, which is necessarily revolved at a high rate of speed, is preferably driven directly from the main shaft by means of a belt .71. which passes over a pulley (Z secured to the shaft (1 between the bearings b b and a pulley h on the main shaft. The pulley h is splined upon the main shaft and its position axially The frame is so positioned upon The counter-shaft a is driven by of the shaft is controlled by means of a bracket 6 which depends from,the carriage B and causes the pulley 71 to travel axially at the same rate of speed as the carriage during the feeding of the carriage across the machine order that the guide wheel may engage with every part of the surface of the pattern as the pattern is revolved.

The carriage may conveniently be driven by means of aworm shaft I which has a worm i meshing with a worm wheel 1?. The motion of the worm wheel may be transmitted \to the carriage in any desired manner, as by means of a rack and pinion device It. The worm shaft I may conveniently be driven by means of a belt i which passes over a pulley '5 carried by the worm shaft and a pulley i carried upon a counter-shaft The counter-shaft i is in turn driven from the counter-shaft a by means of a belt i which passes over cone pulleys t and i mounted respectively on the shafts i and (1 The speed at which the carriage is fed may be varied by shifting the position of the belt i upon the cone pulleys without affecting the operation of the remainder of the machine.

In operation the carriage isi'adjusted so as to bring the guide wheel into engagement with the center at the right hand end of the pattern. The parts are so proportioned that the cutter is now located just beyond the right hand end of the blank. When power is applied to the main shaft the pattern and blank are rotated slowly, the cutter is revolved at a high rate of speed, and the carriage is slowly fed toward the left. As the cutter approaches the end of the blank it .begins its out and removes the material from the blank to a depth which is determined by the guide wheel and the pattern for the reason that the swinging frame is oscillated through the engagement of the pattern withthe guide wheel. Since the guide wheel is small in diameter and has its contact surface curved in the direction of the axis it is capable of following every curve in the last.

and therefore of positioning the blank with respect to the cutter so that the cutter may accurately reproduce the outline of the. pat tern in the blank. By reason of the peculiar shape of the cutter and the position of its axis of rotation the accuracy of the reproduction is limited only by the capacity of the guide wheel to properly position the swinging frame in answer to variations in the contour of the pattern.

It will be seen that the rotating cutter does not tend to pull the blank toward itself, but any pulling action which takes place is in the directiomof the axis of the blank and, by

making the cutter and its supports sufficiently stiff and securely holding the centers against axial movement, no distortion of the outline which is reproduced can occur. The

nose of the cutter serves to give a finishing in detail a preferred form of cutter.

cut so as to leave the surface of the work smooth.

Not only is the pattern accurately reproduced, but it is done at a great saving, since heretofore it has been necessary to leave considerable stock upon the work in order to provide for subsequent finishing, and because it has been necessary to leave the stock somewhatlarge in order that the cutter might not gouge beneath what should be the ultimate surface of the finished devicc. This surplus material has heretofore been removed by hand, an operation involving considerable expense without giving the accuracy desired.

It is often desired to produce articles of different size from the same pattern and to this end I prefer to support the guide wheel so that it maybe adjusted above or below its normal position. This will, of course, "ary the are through which theswinging frame is oscillated, and thereby vary the size to which the blank is cut. A convenient means for adjusting the guide wheel consists in pivoting the arm 0 in which it is carried as at c and providing a segmental slot 0 for receiv ing a bolt 0 which passes through the frame member B. It. will be seen that, by loosening the bolt, the supporting arm for the guide wheel may be oscill ted upon its pivot until the guide wheel assumes the desired position and then, by tightening the bolt the wheel is held in such adjusted position.

In Figs. 7 to 11 inclusive I have illustrated The shaft (1 is preferably provided at its end with a head d which has a series of grooves of in its outer periphery. These grooves are adapted to receive the shanks d of the cutting blades. Only two of these cutting blades are shown and therefore there are only two of the grooves df, but it will of course be understood that any desired number of blades may be employed. Each of the blades consists of a shell-like member (1 in the shape of a section of a cone, the blades being so positioned with respect to the shanks that when the shanks are secured to the head 6 the blades converge toward a common center at the-nose of the tool. Each of the blades has a cutting edge d at one side thereof and a second cutting ed e d across the tip. The tip of one of the b ades is displaced toward one side of the axis of the tool, while the tip of the other blade is displaced to the same extent on-the opposite side of the axis. In this way ample clearance is provided between the back edge of one blade and the cutting edge of the other. The ti of each of the blades is rounded, as indicate so that when the tool is rotated the cutting edges about the nose thereof describe a surface of revolution having the same cross section as a section taken through the contact portion of the guide wheel on a plane which passes radially through thewhe'el and contains the axis of revolution thereof. In this way the relation between the finished surface of the work and the cutter is ke t absolutely the same as the relation at tie same instant between the surface of the pattern and the engaging portion of the guide wheel.

When thcblades of the cutter are sharpened the cutting edges are, of course, ground away slightly, thereby varying the size and shape of the surface of revolution which the cutting edges trace. Inorder that this surface of revolution may always be maintained the same I provide means for adjusting the blades laterally upon the supporting head in order to compensate for variation in the cutting edgcs in sharpening the blades. This may be done in various ways: as for example, means may be provided for shifting the blades laterally independently of each other in order to displace the tips of the blades more or less as may be desired. One of the simplest arrangements for providing such adjustments consists in making the grooves d somewhat wider than the shanks of the blades and )roviding the shanks with elongated slots (i through which passes the bolt (1 which secures the blades to the supporting head. As the cutting edges are worn away the shanks of the blades are shifted laterally within the grooves and the blades are then maintained in the desired positions by tightening the nut (1 upon the bolt d.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as newand desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1 In a machine for turning lasts, a worksupport, a pattern-support, means for rotating said work-support and said patternsupport about axes in alinement with or parallel with each other and at the same rate of speed, a small revoluble guide wheel mounted adjacent to said pattern-supportso as to en age with and be rotated by a pattern he (1 111 said pattern-support and at the same time move the pattern-support and the work-support at right angles to their axis of rotation as the radius from the point of contact between the guide wheel and the pattern and the axis of the pattern-support varies, a tool mounted for rotation about an axis at right angles to the axis of the work su port and in osition to act upon a blank he d in the wor -support, and means for rotatin said tool.

2; n a machine for turning lasts, a worksupport, a pattern-support, means for r0- tatlng said'work-support and said patternsupports and arranged to engage with a pattern held in said pattern-suppoltso as to move the pattern-support and the worksupport at right angles to their axes of ro tation as the length of the radius from the point of contact between the guide wheel and pattern and the axis of the pattern-support varies, a tool mounted for rotation about an tern support.

3. In a machine for turning lasts, a worksupport, a pattern-support, means for rotating said work-support and said patternsupport about axes in alinement with or parallel with each other and at the samerate of speed, a small revoluble guide wheel mounted with its axis parallel to the axes of said support and arranged to engage with a pattern held in said pattern-support so as to move the pattern-support and the work-support at right angles to their axes of rotation as the length of the radius from the point of contact between the guide wheel and pattern and the axis of the pattern-support varies, a

tool mounted for rotation about an axis at right angles to the axes of the work and pattern-supports and in position to engage and act upon a blank held in the work support, means for rotating said tool said tool having a cutting edge or edges which describes a surface ofirevolution which, has a cross-section corresponding to a cross-section taken through the contact portion of the guide wheel along a plane containing the axis of the guide Wheel.

"I. In a machine for turning lasts, a worksupport, a pattern-support, means for rotating said work-support and said patternsupport about axes in alinement with or para allel with eachother and at the same rate of speed, a small revoluble guide wheel mounted adjacent to said pattern-support so as to engage with and be rotated by a pattern held in said pattern-support and at the same time move the pattern-support and the wor *-support at right angles to their axis of rotation as the radius from the point of contact between the guide wheel and the pattern and the axis of the pattern-support varies, a tool mounted for rotation about an axis at right angles to the axis of the work-v FRANK HAXSES.

'itnesses:

Vii. F. FREXDENREICH, HARRY S. GAITHER.