US873647A - Apparatus for carbonizing coal for the production of gas. - Google Patents

Description

No. 873,647. 4 PATENT-ED DBG.10, 106?.

w. mum & s. GLOVER.

APPARATUS FOR GARBONIZING GOAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS.

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8 SHEZTl-IISST 1- "No. 873,647- PATBNTBD DEC; 10, 1907 w. YOUNG & s. GLOVBR. APPARATUS ron cunomzme 00.4.1. FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS.

AYPLIOATIOI FILED HA3. 6. 1907.

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No. 873,647- PATBNTED DEC. 10, 1907- W. YOUNG 6: S. GLOVBR. APPARATUS FOR GARBONIZING COAL FOR. THE PRODUCTION 01 GAS.

APPLICATION FILED HA1. 8. 1907.

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UNITED STATES PatrEN OFFICE.

WILLlA'Li' YOUNG, OF Pl-IEBLES, SCOTLAND, AND BAM UEL GLOVER, OF ST. HELENE, ENGLAND APPAI LATUB FOB CABBONIZING COAL FOB PRODUCTION OP GAQ.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1907.

Original application filed liov oxhlior 13,1906- Serlal No. 343.268. Divided and thll application lied Inch 6. 1907- 8014.] In. 860-890- s mctively, have invented certain-now and 4 useful 1m rovemcnts in Apparatus for Car:- bonizmg oals for the Prm notion of illumil0 nating and Heating fiascs, of which the fol lowing is a specification.

This invention relates to the destructive distillation, or the carbomzatlon of coal for the production of illuminating and heating 16 gases and more particularly consists in an improved construction of carbonizing apparatus whereby the heat is more effectively and economically applied and better rcsdlts .obtaincd.

The invention is based upon the principle that when coals are carbonized the conditions should bc-such that the volatile matters will be eliminated from the coals without having to pass through and come into contact with 25 big ily heated surl'ruzes, and that the volatile matters after being eliminated will be decomposed or gasificd by the action of radiant mat of a suitable temperature Contact with the highly heated surfaces should be $0 avoided as far as possible as such contact is destructive imliscriminatcly, injuriously cracking up the hydrocarbon vapors evolved from the coal, the carbon of thc constitution of wlnch is largely deposited upon the heated 3'5 surfaces, whilc naphthaleneand other objm:tionablc com )onndsarc produced, and the resulting gases have in conscx'ucnce a lower illuminating wwcr, on the ot icrhand radiant heat is so c'ctivc in its action, decompos- 40 ing the more complex vapors most actively,

and in such amanncr as to produce gas of a high quality By the decomposition or cracking up of the va ions from the coal by radiant heat it 46 results that the carbon which is necessarily set free during thc gasil'ying. process will be in a very lhicculcnt condition. With the carhonizing apparatus hitherto employed such carbon is carried forward in tho cnrrcntof 60 gas, and is deposited in the stand pip'cs, by-

draulic or other collecting mains, giving much trouble. rangcmonts hitherto. employed for the carbonizing ol'cmtl the temperatures to which 55 the retorts are brought to cll'cct-tho elimination of thevolatilc matters from thccoahand Further in rctorting ar-' to effect the subsequent cracking up or gaaii'ying of the volatile mattcra being the same. i .l t has been found necessary in practice to adjust the weight of the charge of coal in the retorts, in relation to the size of the vacant space over the charge so that sutlicient volatile matter ma he left ungasified, and suiticient condcnsiile tar may be reduced to wash down and prevent trouhfi from that iloccnlent sooty deposit in the stand pipee &c.

The improved carbonizing apparatus is so arranged that different sections of the torts \vill .be heated to dill'ercnt tempera: tures in such a manner that the volatile matters are as rapidly as possible dcstructively distilled out of the con progressively and so that they are evolved from the cgplwithout being exposed to over highly heated surfaces in one section of the retort, the volatile matters so evolved being subjected in another" section of the retort at a lower temperaturei. 1:. about 2,100 l*., to the action 0 radiant heat suitable to decom use them into permanent gas of good qua ity, while the flocculent carbon and sooty tar set free by the action of the radiant heat are filtered out and separated from the resulting gaseous matters by causing than their way to the collecting mainto I through the fresh charge of coal contained in the hopper before it is charged into the retort. l he hot gaseous products are not only liltercd tree from llocculcnt carbon and the grosser suspended tar, but there is alsoat the same time an advantageous exchange 'of' heat, the gases being cooled without condensingplant and the coal being heated and so pmparcd to undergo the carbonizing process;

)(SHlLS this the tarry matters previously dethe reght ly addingto the thegas and' improving the reposited 'upon the coal, on enterin torts, arc "asilicd thus sli volume 0 sidual coke.

Each retort is provided with a supply hopper from which the coal is fed into there-1 tort, and a discha'rging chamber from which the coke resulting from the carbonizing of the coal is discharged. The coal may be continuously fed mto'thc retort, and the coke continuously discharged, or the coal may be passed into the retortm intcrmittentchargcs and the resulting coke similarly discharged, the charging hop wrs and discharging chambers being provni to carryout either method as desire andLas on leaving the retorta on pace ed with suitable up liances found best suited for the carbonization of highest at'the base of the charge, so that the atile matters will be eliminated from the .coal as rapidl as possible and passinwards away from t e highly heated walls of the retorts and upwards through amen the cooler interstices in the center of the c arge of coals, to emerge finally from the uppersurface mto the higher section of the retorts,

brick lming which is purposely heated by the producer gases to a lower tem rature. The gaseous products thus gasifie pass awa by suitable outlet from the retort mto the 0 pers containing the fresh charge of coa through which'they; pass, being filteredfree from sootyjtarrymatters, and an exchange of heat effected.

.The improved apgraratus isexemplified in u the accompanyin wings in which Figures 1 2 am 3 show in vertical section the upper, the middle and the lower parts respectlvely of a set of vert cal retorts and accessories for use in carbonizing coals, the retorts'being represented as divided into three parts for convenience of maintaining a suitable scale of drawing.

As therein represented the retorts are built up of fire brick or formed with a fire A A around which are formed heatin flues B B heated by the combustion of pro( ucer'gas upon admixture with air.

The brick -work is carried by hollow girders 0 supported by icrs of brick-wor The coals to be carnized are delivered by means of conveyers E into large open hoppers F of which one isrprovided for a number of retorts, the hoppers bein suBported by upward extensions v of the gil ars which the coals are delivered into ayAt its lower end each hbptted with gas ti ht valves F through number per is of measuring hoppersGof which one is provided for each pair ofretorts, and from t ese hoppers Gthe coals aredropped on o ning a bell valve G. (operated by afl'ever andle G) into a (i 'ng chamber H in which they are sub'ecteil to the heat' of the gas generated be ow and which in passing up throu h the chamber deposits tarry coals: At the bottom of the chamber H the coals are'discharged in regulated streamsby means of devices such as the arms H carried on shafts H and arranged to sweep the coals oil' the surfaces of tab cs II. Tlus device is well known in apparatus for retortin shale and need not be articularly 'pscribec From the tables H t is coals drop into the illars D and occasional matter on t eavsmn ietorts A which are filled to about (our fifths of their height, a free space being left above wherein the gas generated is subjected to re.- diant heat of'suitabletemperature in its pass e upwards to the drying chamber H.

be coke or carbonized coal after parting with its gaseous constituent-s descends to the bottom of the retorts and is continuously or intermittently withdrawn by means of combined right and left hand screws 1 carried on a rotating shaft I, the devices being of a ty )0 commonly used in shale retorts, the coke into a discharging hopper J fitted with a bell valve J which 18 eriodically opened by means of a hand w eelshaf t J connected through worm gearing J with a. shaft J provided with a chain pulley J and chain J attached to the valve.. The coke so discharged falls into a wagon K running on rails below. For the purpose of slacking the coke and keepmg cool the screws which draw it from the retorts and other parts of the ap aratus water is delivered from a water maing through piping 0 into the hollow girders C and is discharged throu 'h a number of orifices c in proximity to the screws 1. The steam thus ormed asses up through and'among the hot coke and charge of coal in the retorts to assist The carbonizationof the coals within the retorts A is effected by; the combustion of producer as and air, the gas bein supplied throng a main L furnished wit suitable valves L and being led b a conduit to a flue L in the lower art of t e brickwork of the retorts, while he air which is heated by traversing a regenerator flue is admitted through a flue M to a flue M just over the as flue L, each of these flues being provi ed with a movable damper or other closure 6 for regulatin the admission.

The mixe gas and air are directed into and through the has flues B B which are fitted with suitable ba es so that the buming "as is caused to travel entirely around the lower part of the retorts, thence around one section after another at higher levels.

The various parts of the rotorlsare subjected to difi'erenttemperatures and to insure regulation of the temp e-store the secondary air tocomplete the enbustion of the heating gas is admitted by l! ucs M= provided with suitable dam era 6 at various levels. A The heat-transmi ted into the space above the coals in the retorts is less intense than that at the lower levels where carboniz'ation is effected and is regulatedto insure fractional cracking up of the gas evolved as already described.

The waste gases resulting from the combustion of the producer gas in the heating fi ues pass into an outlet flue O 'and down through the brickwork to a main discharge flue O under the ground level.

in the production of water gas'and ammonia.

dropping over the ends of inclined plates I by'oarboniaationof heatfromthewalleoftheretorgilueeled up through the fresh coal in around the retort, meana for admitting prothedryingchamberll wlwo and floocuduoer gen, and a r mto and linen for heating lent matterear'e de )oeitedon to ooaLamf the retort externally, means for admitting 1 I theneethegaeia byabridgepipeltothe 'eecondary airatvanouslevelaeo aat'oregu- 80 usual hydraulic main P. late the temperature of the retorta, the tem Steamorwatergaaorbothmaybedireoted perature being reduced towards the upper through the retortafrom a plain Q having art oflthe retort, anoverhead hopper va sipe connections Q to the dleoharge hopper t exchanging chamber interpoeed he- 10 up through the cokein which the eteamor tween said hopper and said retort and open 85 water as or bothflow on their way; to and up to the of .from said retort, meana throng the retorte. for admitting coefzom the hopper into eaid When it is desired toenrich the gas, liquid chamber, means for diatrlbutmg the ooala hydrocarbon may he directed into the .nefrom Illd chamber into the retort, and 15 torteA through suitable inlete aem thedrymeans for' withdrawing the gas from the 40 chamber at 'R. chamber.

aving nowdescribed our invention what testimony. whereof we have igned our we claim and to secure by Lettere 'namee to this apecification in the preeenee'of Patent of the Umted States is:- 1 two enhecribing witneeeea.

; 20 d The iliilereirideeoribeddai'pparatus for prom YOUNG uc mmna an ea gases,- cono E of 'areto rt gomprieing Hower cham- SAMUEL B' 3 her 111 which the material is supgorted and Witnesses:

; carbonized, and an upper 52 r wherein WALLAOI Fauna-ran,

% 25 the evolved gaeee are ,mbpcted to radiant Jomr Anemone, Junr.

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