US8734993B2 - Electrode assembly and lithium rechargeable battery comprising the same - Google Patents
Electrode assembly and lithium rechargeable battery comprising the same Download PDFInfo
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- US8734993B2 US8734993B2 US13/569,949 US201213569949A US8734993B2 US 8734993 B2 US8734993 B2 US 8734993B2 US 201213569949 A US201213569949 A US 201213569949A US 8734993 B2 US8734993 B2 US 8734993B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
- H01M10/0409—Machines for assembling batteries for cells with wound electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- One or more embodiments relate to an electrode assembly and a lithium rechargeable battery comprising the same.
- Lithium rechargeable batteries include an electrode assembly that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator, as well as an electrolyte and a case for accommodating the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
- the positive electrode is formed by coating a positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material may include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide and lithium nickel oxide.
- a lithium manganese oxide (LMO)-based active material is widely used in view of its cost effectiveness.
- the manganese (Mn) contained in the positive electrode active material may be eluted during charging/discharging of battery, resulting in a gradual reduction in the battery's capacity with repeated charging/discharging cycles. Also, the battery capacity may be rapidly reduced when the battery is stored at high temperature for an extended period.
- a type of conventional rechargeable battery has been manufactured using a mixture of other positive electrode active materials with varying composition ratios.
- this mixtures of other positive electrode active materials is more expensive than the lithium manganese oxide (LMO)-based active material.
- LMO lithium manganese oxide
- Some embodiments provide an electrode assembly, which solve the problem of increased cost from using a mixture of different positive electrode active materials, specifically using a mixture of different positive electrode active materials capable of creating a synergetic effect of suppressing elution of manganese (Mn) at high temperature at low cost, as well as provide a lithium rechargeable battery comprising the electrode assembly.
- Some embodiments provide an electrode assembly which employs a positive electrode plate including a first positive electrode active material layer containing manganese (Mn) and a second positive electrode active material layer containing cobalt (Co) to suppress manganese (Mn) from being eluted/precipitated from the positive electrode plate at high temperatures, thereby demonstrating excellent recovery capacity and recovery capacity during an extended storage period at high temperature while capable of being manufactured at low cost, and a lithium rechargeable battery comprising the electrode assembly.
- a positive electrode plate including a first positive electrode active material layer containing manganese (Mn) and a second positive electrode active material layer containing cobalt (Co) to suppress manganese (Mn) from being eluted/precipitated from the positive electrode plate at high temperatures, thereby demonstrating excellent recovery capacity and recovery capacity during an extended storage period at high temperature while capable of being manufactured at low cost, and a lithium rechargeable battery comprising the electrode assembly.
- Some embodiments provide an electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator, wherein the positive electrode further comprises a first positive electrode active material layer, and a second positive electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the first positive electrode active material layer, wherein the first positive electrode active material layer comprises a first positive electrode active material containing manganese (Mn), and further wherein the second positive electrode active material layer comprises a second positive electrode active material containing cobalt (Co).
- Mn manganese
- Co cobalt
- the first positive electrode active material may comprise a lithium manganese oxide (LMO)-based active material.
- LMO lithium manganese oxide
- the first positive electrode active material layer may be formed by coating the first positive electrode active material with an amount of about 85 wt % to about 95 wt % based on a total weight of a positive electrode active material.
- the second positive electrode active material may be a lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NCM)-based active material or a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) active material.
- NCM lithium nickel cobalt manganese
- LCO lithium cobalt oxide
- the NCM-based active material may be contained in an amount of about 6 wt % to about 50 wt % based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the LCO-based positive electrode active material may be contained in an amount of about 3 wt % to about 50 wt % based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the second positive electrode active material layer may be formed by the process of coating the second positive electrode active material in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- each of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer may comprise a binder, wherein the binder contained in the first positive electrode active material layer and the binder contained in the second positive electrode active material layer are different materials.
- each of the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer may further comprise a binder, wherein the binder contained in the first positive electrode active material layer and the binder contained in the second positive electrode active material layer are the same material.
- the first positive electrode active material layer may have a spinel structure or an olivine structure.
- a rechargeable battery comprising the electrode assembly, and further comprising an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte may include a tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite as an additive.
- a rechargeable battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte
- the positive electrode comprises a first positive electrode active material layer and a second positive electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the first positive electrode active material layer
- the first positive electrode active material layer further comprises a first positive electrode active material containing manganese (Mn)
- the second positive electrode active material layer further comprises a second positive electrode active material containing cobalt (Co).
- a method of manufacturing an electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator, wherein the positive electrode is formed by a method comprising forming a first positive electrode material layer by coating a first positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector, further comprising forming a second positive electrode material layer by coating a second positive electrode active material on one surface of the first positive electrode active material layer, and rolling the second positive electrode active material layer, wherein the first positive electrode active material contains manganese (Mn) and the second positive electrode active material contains cobalt (Co).
- Mn manganese
- Co cobalt
- the first positive electrode active material may be a lithium manganese oxide (LMO)-based active material.
- LMO lithium manganese oxide
- the second positive electrode active material may be a lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NCM)-based active material or a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) active material.
- NCM lithium nickel cobalt manganese
- LCO lithium cobalt oxide
- the NCM-based active material may be contained in an amount of about 6 wt % to about 50 wt % based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the LCO-based positive electrode active material may be contained in an amount of about 3 wt % to about 50 wt % based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the coating and the rolling may be alternately repeated.
- the present-described electrode minimizes contact areas between negative ions in the electrolyte and particles of the first positive electrode active material by forming cobalt-containing (Co) second positive electrode active material layer on the first manganese-containing positive electrode active material layer.
- Such a configuration reduces an amount of cobalt-containing positive electrode active material lended in the positive electrode active material layer, thereby suppressing elution of Mn at low cost.
- certain embodiments provide a rechargeable battery that suppresses Mn from being eluted from the positive electrode active material layer, particularly at high temperature, thereby providing excellent recovery capacity and recovery capacity of battery at high temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a partially sectional view of a prismatic lithium rechargeable battery according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a pouch-type lithium rechargeable battery according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a microscopic view of a positive electrode plate prepared in Comparative Example 9;
- FIG. 4 is a microscopic view of a positive electrode plate prepared in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating C-rate dependent discharge capacities of the depending on the lithium rechargeable batteries prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 9.
- the electrode assembly of the present embodiments comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator, further wherein the positive electrode comprises a first positive electrode active material layer, and a second positive electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the first positive electrode active material layer, the first positive electrode active material layer further comprises a first positive electrode active material containing manganese (Mn), and the second positive electrode active material layer further comprises a second positive electrode active material containing cobalt (Co).
- the positive electrode comprises a first positive electrode active material layer, and a second positive electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the first positive electrode active material layer, the first positive electrode active material layer further comprises a first positive electrode active material containing manganese (Mn), and the second positive electrode active material layer further comprises a second positive electrode active material containing cobalt (Co).
- the electrode assembly is formed by a method comprising stacking a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator and rolling the stacked structure.
- the method comprises forming the positive electrode plate by coating a first positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector and coating a second positive electrode active material on the first positive electrode active material layer to form a positive electrode and connecting a positive electrode tab thereto, and the negative electrode plate is formed by coating a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode current collector and connecting a negative electrode tab thereto, and the separator is disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.
- an LMO-based active material useful to a lithium ion rechargeable battery may be used as the first positive electrode active material.
- typical examples of the positive electrode active material layer may include lithium compounds represented by formulas (1) to (4): Li x Mn 1 ⁇ y M y A 2 (1) Li x Mn 1 ⁇ y M y O 2 ⁇ z X z (2) Li x Mn 2 O 4 ⁇ z X z (3) Li x Mn 2 ⁇ y M y M′ z A 4 (4) wherein 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.5, M and M′ are the same or different, and each of M and M′ is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B (boron), As, Zr, Mn, Cr, Fe, Sr, V and rare-earth elements, A is selected from the group consisting of O (oxygen), F (fluorine), S (sulfur)
- the second positive electrode active material layer comprises a second positive electrode active material containing Co, preferably a lithium nickel cobalt manganese (NCM)-based active material or a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) active material, and most preferably an NCM-based active material.
- NCM lithium nickel cobalt manganese
- LCO lithium cobalt oxide
- the positive electrode active material layer may comprise lithium composite metal oxide represented by Li[Ni x Co 1 ⁇ x ⁇ y Mn y ]O 2 (Here, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5.), but not limited thereto.
- a general LCO-based positive electrode active material useful in a lithium ion rechargeable battery may be used as the LCO-based active material.
- the LCO-based positive electrode active material may include LiCoO 2 or LiNi 1 ⁇ x ⁇ y CoM y O 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x+y ⁇ 1, and M is a metal such as Al, Sr, Mg or La.), but not limited thereto.
- the second positive electrode active material may be coated in an amount of from about 3 wt % to about 50 wt %, preferably from about 6 wt % to about 50 wt % of NCM-based active material or from about 3 wt % to about 50 wt % of LCO-based active material, based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material including both the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material. If the second positive electrode active material is used in an amount less than about 3 wt %, a double-layered structure effect cannot be achieved. On the other hand, if the second positive electrode active material is used in an amount greater than about 50 wt %, a conspicuous cost saving effect may not be demonstrated, compared to the overall obtainable effect.
- the positive electrode may comprise the first positive electrode active material layer coated in an amount from about 85 wt % to about 95 wt % and the second positive electrode active material layer coated in an amount from about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material. Therefore, elution of Mn contained in the first positive electrode active material layer due to charging/discharging is suppressed by minimizing contact areas between negative ions in the electrolyte and particles of the first positive electrode active material by coating the second positive electrode active material layer. Since the overall thickness of the positive electrode is limited by the battery manufacturing process, a thickness of the first positive electrode active material layer is relative to a thickness of the second positive electrode active material layer.
- the thickness of the second positive electrode active material layer is too small, a portion of the first positive electrode active material layer may come into direct contact with the separator including the electrolyte, disabling the minimization of Mn elution. If the thickness of the second positive electrode active material layer is excessively large, a large amount of expensive cobalt, will typically be used, increasing the manufacturing cost.
- the positive electrode is manufactured by a method comprising forming a first positive electrode active material layer which comprises coating a first positive electrode active material slurry, which in turn may be prepared by mixing a first positive electrode active material and a binder and optionally a conductive agent in a solvent, on a positive electrode current collector, and further comprising coating a second positive electrode active material slurry, which in turn may be prepared by mixing a second positive electrode active material and a binder and optionally a conductive agent in a solvent, on the first positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode current collector may be aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the positive electrode current collector may be formed in a foil or mesh shape.
- the binder serves to allow particles of the positive electrode active material to bind to each other or allow the positive electrode active material to bind to a current collector.
- the binder includes, but is not limited to, polyvinylalcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, diacetylcellulose, polyvinylchloride, carboxylated polyvinylchloride, polyvinylfluoride, a polymer containing ethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, and nylon.
- the binders added to the first and second positive electrode active materials may be the same with or different from each other.
- different types of binders are used, which is because the binders are cross-linked to further increase a binding force between layers.
- the conductive agent is used to impart conductivity to an electrode.
- Any electrically conductive material may be used as a conductive agent unless it causes any chemical change, and examples thereof may include natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, a metal powder or a metal fiber including copper, nickel, aluminum, silver, and so on, a polyphenylene derivative, or combinations thereof.
- the first positive electrode active material layer may comprise a compound having a spinel or olivine structure.
- the first positive electrode active material layer may include a compound having a spinel structure of LiMn 2 O 2 or an olivine structure of LiMnPO 4 .
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by a method comprising coating the second positive electrode active material on the first positive electrode active material layer and rolling the coated second positive electrode active material layer.
- the second positive electrode active material may be coated on the LMO-based first positive electrode active material layer and then rolled.
- the second positive electrode active material may be repeatedly coated on the first positive electrode active material layer by primarily and secondarily coating and may then finally be rolled.
- the coating and the rolling may be alternately repeated.
- the negative electrode is formed by a method comprising coating a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode current collector. Copper or a copper alloy may be used as the negative electrode current collector. In certain embodiments the negative electrode current collector may be formed in a foil or mesh shape.
- the negative electrode active material may be formed in a slurry phase prepared by dispersing a binder and a conductive agent, and if necessary, a thickener, in a solvent to then be coated on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material may be a material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions.
- the negative electrode active material may comprise crystalline or amorphous carbon, carbonaceous negative electrode active material (pyrolyzed carbon, coke, or graphite) of carbon complex, combusted organic polymer compounds, carbon fiber, tin oxide compounds, lithium metal or alloys of lithium and other elements.
- Examples of the amorphous carbon may include hard carbon, cokes, mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) sintered at 1500° C. or less, mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber (MPCF), and so on.
- Examples of the crystalline carbon may include graphite based materials, and specific examples thereof may include natural graphite, graphitized cokes, graphitized MCMB, graphitized MPCF and so on.
- Non-limiting examples of suitable separator materials include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and multi-layers thereof such as a polyethylene/polypropylene double-layered separator, a polyethylene/polypropylene/polyethylene three-layered separator, and a polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene three-layered separator.
- the method of forming the positive electrode by preparing the positive electrode active material slurry and coating the same the method of forming the negative electrode by preparing the negative electrode active material slurry and coating the same, and the method of forming the electrode assembly by sequentially stacking the positive electrode, the separator, the negative electrode and the separator, are widely known in the art, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- Some embodiments provide a rechargeable battery comprising an electrode assembly according to the present embodiments and an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte may include a lithium salt and a nonaqueous organic solvent.
- the lithium salt may function as a lithium ion supply source in a battery and enable a basic operation of a lithium battery.
- the lithium salt that may be used includes any one salt selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlO 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiN(C x F 2x+1 SO 2 )(C y F 2y+1 SO 2 ) (Here, x and y are natural numbers of 1 to 20, respectively), LiCl and LiI, or a mixture containing two or more of them.
- Examples of the nonaqueous organic solvent may include carbonate, ester, ether, ketone, and so on.
- the carbonate may include dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), ethylpropyl carbonate (EPC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC) ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), and so on.
- Examples of the ester may include n-methyl acetate, n-ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, and so on.
- the carbonate solvent may include a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate with a linear carbonate.
- various types of additives may be added unless the advantages and effects of the present invention are impaired.
- a well known additive may be arbitrarily used as the additive and one additive or two or more additives may be used in combination with an arbitrary composition ratio.
- Examples of the additive may include an over-charge preventing agent, or supplemental agents for improving high-temperature recovery capacity or cycling characteristics.
- the first positive electrode active material layer may further comprise a phosphite compound represented by Formula 1:
- A, D and E are the same or different and are each independently Si, C, Ge or Sn
- R 1 to R 9 are the same or different and are each independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- the alkyl may be a C1 to C10 alkyl.
- the substituted alkyl may be an alkyl in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with halogen or an alkyl in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine.
- the compound represented by Formula 1 is added to the electrolyte to then be used for a lithium rechargeable battery.
- the compound represented by Formula 1 is decomposed to form a protection layer on a positive electrode while not remaining in the electrolyte.
- the thickness of the protection layer is not an important factor in demonstrating the advantages and effects of the present embodiments.
- the protection layer may be formed to an appropriate thickness according to charging and discharging conditions, which can be easily understood by those in the related art.
- the compound represented by Formula 1 may be added to the electrolyte in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 wt % based on the total weight of the electrolyte including a lithium salt and a nonaqueous solvent. If the compound represented by Formula 1 is utilized in the range stated above, a coating for suppressing the elution of Mn from the positive electrode active material may be formed on the positive electrode active material layer. After the initial stage of charging and discharging, the coating may exist on the positive electrode active material layer without remaining in the electrolyte.
- the phosphite-based compound represented by Formula 1 may further comprise tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite [P—(O—Si(CH 3 ) 3 ) 3 ].
- Examples of the over-charge preventing agent may include a partially hydrogenated body of biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl or terphenyl, an aromatic compound such as cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenylether or dibenzofuran, a partial fluoride of the aromatic compound such as 2-fluorobiphenyl, o-cyclohexylfluorobenzene or p-cyclohexylfluorobenzene, a fluorine-containing anisole compound such as 2,4-difluoroanisole, 2,5-difluoroanisole or 2,6-difluoroanisole, and so on.
- an aromatic compound such as cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenylether or dibenzofuran
- a partial fluoride of the aromatic compound
- a single material or two or more materials combined in an arbitrary combination at an arbitrary combination ratio may be used as the over-charge preventing agent.
- the over-charge preventing agent when the nonaqueous electrolyte includes the over-charge preventing agent, may be included in an arbitrary concentration unless the advantages and effects of the present invention are noticeably impaired, generally in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the over-charge preventing agent included in the nonaqueous electrolyte may suppress rupture or fire of a nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery due to an over-charge while improving the safety of the nonaqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery, both of which are desirable characteristics.
- examples of the additive for improving capacity sustaining characteristics after being stored at high temperature and cycle characteristics may include carbonate compounds such as vinylenecarbonate, vinylethylenecarbonate, fluoroethylenecarbonate, 4-(trifluoromethyl)-ethylenecarbonate, phenylethylene carbonate, erythritancarbonate, or spiro-bis-dimethylenecarbonate, carboxylic anhydrides such as succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, diglycolic anhydride, cyclohexane carboxylic anhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, phenylsuccinic anhydride, sulfur-containing compounds such as ethylenesulfite, 1,4-propanesultone, 1,4-butanesultone, methane sulfonic methyl, busulfan, sulfolane, sulfolene, dimethylsul
- a single material or two or more materials combined in an arbitrary combination at an arbitrary combination ratio may be used as the additive.
- the additive when the nonaqueous electrolyte further comprises the additive, the additive may be included in an arbitrary concentration unless the advantages and effects of the present invention are noticeably impaired, generally in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 is a partially sectional view of a prismatic lithium rechargeable battery according to an embodiment.
- the method for manufacturing the rechargeable battery to be described below is provided for a better understanding of the present embodiments, and technical contents known in the related art may be appropriately modified and used.
- the lithium rechargeable battery according to an embodiment comprises a can 10 , an electrode assembly 20 , a cap assembly 30 and an electrolyte.
- the lithium rechargeable battery is manufactured by a method comprising placing the electrode assembly 20 and the electrolyte within the can 10 and sealing a top end of the can 10 by the cap assembly 30 .
- the electrode assembly 20 comprises a positive electrode plate 21 , a negative electrode plate 23 and a separator 22 .
- the electrode assembly 20 may be formed by the method comprising sequentially stacking the positive electrode plate 21 , the separator 22 , the negative electrode plate 23 and the separator 22 and winding the resultant stacked structure.
- the separator 22 is disposed between the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 23 to prevent an electrical short circuit between the positive electrode plate 21 and the negative electrode plate 23 .
- the cap assembly 30 may be comprised of a cap plate 40 , an insulation plate 50 , a terminal plate 60 and an electrode terminal 80 .
- the cap assembly 30 is coupled to the insulation case 70 to seal the can 10 .
- the electrode terminal 80 is inserted into a terminal throughhole 41 formed at the center of the cap plate 40 .
- a tube-type gasket 46 is coupled to an outer surface of the electrode terminal 80 and inserted together. Therefore, the electrode terminal 80 is electrically insulated from the cap plate 40 .
- the electrolyte is injected into the can 10 through an electrolyte injection hole 42 after the cap assembly 30 is assembled with the top end of the can 10 .
- the electrolyte injection hole 42 is sealed by a separate plug 43 .
- the electrode terminal 80 is connected to a negative electrode tab 17 of the negative electrode plate 23 or a positive electrode tab 16 of the positive electrode plate 21 , functioning as a negative electrode terminal or a positive electrode terminal.
- the lithium rechargeable battery may be formed as a unit battery having a positive electrode plate/separator/negative electrode plate structure, a bi-cell having a positive electrode plate/separator/negative electrode plate/separator/positive electrode plate structure, or a stacked battery structure in which unit batteries are repeatedly stacked.
- the lithium rechargeable battery may be manufactured in a prismatic shape, a cylindrical shape or a pouch type shape.
- a pouch-type lithium rechargeable battery according to an embodiment comprises an electrode assembly 130 and a pouch sheath 120 accommodating the electrode assembly 130 .
- a positive electrode tab 137 protruding a predetermined length from a positive electrode plate 131 is adhered to the positive electrode plate 131
- a negative electrode tab 138 protruding a predetermined length from a negative electrode plate 135 is adhered to the negative electrode plate 135 , but not limited thereto.
- an insulation tape 139 may further be provided to prevent an electrical short circuit between each of the positive electrode tab 137 and the negative electrode tab 138 and the pouch sheath 120 .
- the positive electrode tab 137 and the negative electrode tab 138 are drawn to the outside of the pouch sheath 120 through either surface of the pouch sheath 120 .
- the positive electrode tab 137 and the negative electrode tab 138 are electrically connected to a protection circuit module (not shown).
- upper and lower insulation plates may further be attached to top and bottom portions of the electrode assembly 130 to prevent the electrode assembly 131 from contacting the pouch sheath 120 .
- the pouch sheath 120 has a front surface 121 and a rear surface 122 coupled to the front surface 121 , which are formed by folding the center of its pouch film.
- a groove 123 may be formed by pressing to accommodate the electrode assembly 130 .
- the electrode assembly 130 is formed by winding a multi-layered stack having a positive electrode plate 131 , a separator 133 , and a negative electrode plate 135 sequentially stacked in a jelly roll configuration.
- a separator is adhered to an electrode surface exposed to the outside or an internal electrode.
- the formed jelly roll is placed in the groove 123 formed in the rear surface 122 of the pouch sheath 120 , and a peripheral part 125 of the pouch sheath 120 is adhered by applying heat and pressure to seal the front and rear surfaces 121 and 122 of the pouch sheath 120 , thereby forming a pouch type bare cell battery.
- Multi-Layered Positive Electrode Active Material LMO (94 wt %) and NCM (6 wt %)
- a positive electrode active material of LiMn 2 O 4 , a binder of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (Solef6020 manufactured by Solvay sheep), and a conductive agent of acetylene black (Super P manufactured by MMM) were mixed at a weight ratio of 90:5:5, then were dispersed in a solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to provide a positive electrode active material slurry.
- the provided first positive electrode active material slurry was coated on an aluminum foil at a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, dried, and compressed to provide a first positive electrode active material layer.
- a second positive electrode active material layer In order to form a second positive electrode active material layer, a second positive electrode active material of NCM (LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 , manufactured by L&F Material Co., Ltd, Waegwan-Eup, South Korea), a binder of Solef21216 (PVdF+HFP in a mixing ratio of 88:12, manufactured by Solvay sheep) and a conductive agent of acetylene black (Super P manufactured by 3M, Minneapolis, Minn.) were mixed at a weight ratio of 90:5:5, then were dispersed in a solvent of acetone to provide a second positive electrode active material slurry.
- NCM LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2
- PVdF+HFP in a mixing ratio of 88:12, manufactured by Solvay sheep
- a conductive agent of acetylene black Super P manufactured by 3M, Minneapolis, Minn.
- the provided second positive electrode active material slurry was coated on the first positive electrode active material layer at a loading rate of 6 wt % based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material, dried, and compressed to form the second positive electrode active material layer, thereby forming a positive electrode plate.
- the first positive electrode active material layer and the second positive electrode active material layer were formed, including 94 wt % of a first positive electrode active material (LMO) and 6 wt % of a second positive electrode active material (NCM).
- LMO first positive electrode active material
- NCM second positive electrode active material
- a negative electrode active material of graphite, a binder of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and a thickener of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were mixed in a weight ratio of 96:2:2 and then dispersed in water to provide a negative electrode active material slurry.
- the resultant slurry was coated on a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, dried and then compressed to form a negative electrode plate.
- a 25 ⁇ m thick separator made of PE+PP (manufactured by Tonen) is inserted between the formed electrode plates and wound to form the electrode assembly, and the electrolyte was injected into a 123 ⁇ m thick pouch having a 2 mm section to manufacture a pull pouch cell of a 20 mm ⁇ 30 mm single plate.
- the electrolyte was prepared by mixing 0.5M LiPF 6 in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC)/dimethylcarbonate (DMC) (30:55:15 by volume %) and adding additives of 0.4% LiBF 4 , 5% fluoroethylenecarbonate (FEC), 1% vinylcarbonate (VC) and 1.5% tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite [P—(O—Si(CH 3 ) 3 ) 3 ].
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethylcarbonate
- a lithium rechargeable battery was prepared in accordance with the same procedure as in Example 1, except that the respective components shown in Table 1 were used, and LiCoO 2 (KD20) was used as a lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) active material.
- LiCoO 2 KD20
- LCO lithium cobalt oxide
- a lithium rechargeable battery was prepared in accordance with the same procedure as in Example 1, except that the respective components shown in Table 1 were used, and a first active material and a second active material, which are not in a multi-layered structure, unlike in the above-mentioned examples.
- A was prepared in accordance with the same procedure as in Example 1, except that 10% HFP based gel (Solef11010, Solvay, Brussels, Belgium) was used as a second positive electrode active material.
- 10% HFP based gel Solef11010, Solvay, Brussels, Belgium
- the rechargeable lithium batteries prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were tested and evaluated as follows.
- the battery capacities each were measured immediately after charging batteries and discharging at a discharge rate of 0.2 C with a discharge terminal voltage of 2.7 V after being storing at 20 C for 4 weeks.
- Retention capacity Final discharge capacity/Initial discharge capacity ⁇ 100.
- the rechargeable batteries according to the present embodiments demonstrated excellent high-temperature retention capacity and recovery capacity, compared to the rechargeable batteries including a single active material having a single layered structure (Comparative Example 1) and different active materials having a single layered structure (Comparative Examples 2 to 8).
- the high-temperature retention capacity and recovery capacity of the rechargeable battery according to Comparative Example 8 in which LCO was added in an amount of 30 wt % were lower than those of the rechargeable batteries according to Examples 1, 4 and 10 in which double-layered structure using a small amount of NCM or LCO. Therefore, since an expensive positive electrode active material containing cobalt (Co) is used in a small amount, the positive electrode according to the present invention can reduced the manufacturing cost while improving the capacity of the rechargeable battery.
- the batteries of Comparative Examples 1 and 9 were charged at 0.5 C/4.2V under constant current and constant voltage (CC-CV) for 3 hours, aged at 20° C. for 4 weeks and then discharged at 1 C (740 mA)/3.1V under constant current (CC) to measure low-temperature discharge capacity of each battery.
- Microscopic view of the positive electrode plates of Comparative Examples 1 and 9 are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , and comparison results of discharge capacities of the batteries are shown in FIG. 5 .
- the lithium rechargeable battery having excellent performance can be provided even by using a small amount of a mixture of containing different types of active materials.
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Abstract
Description
LixMn1−yMyA2 (1)
LixMn1−yMyO2−zXz (2)
LixMn2O4−zXz (3)
LixMn2−yMyM′zA4 (4)
wherein 0.9≦x≦1.1, 0≦y≦0.5, 0≦z≦0.5, M and M′ are the same or different, and each of M and M′ is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, Sn, V, Ge, Ga, B (boron), As, Zr, Mn, Cr, Fe, Sr, V and rare-earth elements, A is selected from the group consisting of O (oxygen), F (fluorine), S (sulfur) and P (phosphorus), and X is selected from the group consisting of F, S and P.
wherein A, D and E are the same or different and are each independently Si, C, Ge or Sn, R1 to R9 are the same or different and are each independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. The alkyl may be a C1 to C10 alkyl. The substituted alkyl may be an alkyl in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with halogen or an alkyl in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with fluorine. As described above, the compound represented by
TABLE 1 | ||||
First | Second positive | |||
positive | electrode active | tris(tri- | ||
electrode | material (wt %) | methylsilyl) |
active | LCO | phosphite | |||
material | LiCoO2(LCO, | added to | |||
(wt %) LMO | NCM | KD20) | electrolyte | ||
Example 1 | 94 | 6 | ∘ | |
Example 2 | 90 | 10 | ∘ | |
Example 3 | 85 | 15 | ∘ | |
Example 4 | 97 | 3 | ∘ | |
Example 5 | 90 | 10 | ∘ | |
Example 6 | 85 | 15 | ∘ | |
Example 7 | 94 | 6 | x | |
Example 8 | 90 | 10 | x | |
Example 9 | 85 | 15 | x | |
Example 10 | 97 | 3 | x | |
Example 11 | 90 | 10 | x | |
Example 12 | 85 | 15 | x | |
|
100 | ∘ | ||
Example 1 | ||||
|
90 | 10 | ∘ | |
Example 2 | ||||
|
85 | 15 | ∘ | |
Example 3 | ||||
Comparative | 97 | 3 | ∘ | |
Example 4 | ||||
|
90 | 10 | ∘ | |
Example 5 | ||||
|
85 | 15 | ∘ | |
Example 6 | ||||
|
80 | 20 | ∘ | |
Example 7 | ||||
|
70 | 30 | ∘ | |
Example 8 | ||||
Recovery capacity=Final discharge capacity/Final charge capacity×100
Retention capacity=Final discharge capacity/Initial discharge capacity×100.
TABLE 2 | |||
High temperature | High temperature | ||
recovery | recovery | ||
capacity (%) | capacity (%) | ||
Example 1 | 86.4 | 82.8 | ||
Example 2 | 92.1 | 87.7 | ||
Example 3 | 94.6 | 92.3 | ||
Example 4 | 88.5 | 84.0 | ||
Example 5 | 90.4 | 86.7 | ||
Example 6 | 96.3 | 88.2 | ||
Example 7 | 82.5 | 79.8 | ||
Example 8 | 89.2 | 85.2 | ||
Example 9 | 92.3 | 89.1 | ||
Example 10 | 85.2 | 80.4 | ||
Example 11 | 88.2 | 82.3 | ||
Example 12 | 92.5 | 85.6 | ||
Comparative | 70.3 | 66.1 | ||
Example 1 | ||||
Comparative | 75.4 | 73.4 | ||
Example 2 | ||||
Comparative | 80.2 | 78.3 | ||
Example 3 | ||||
Comparative | 83.4 | 80.2 | ||
Example 4 | ||||
Comparative | 78.2 | 75.3 | ||
Example 5 | ||||
Comparative | 80.2 | 77.6 | ||
Example 6 | ||||
Comparative | 82.6 | 79.1 | ||
Example 7 | ||||
Comparative | 83.3 | 80.4 | ||
Example 8 | ||||
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JP6600449B2 (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2019-10-30 | 旭化成株式会社 | Lithium ion secondary battery |
CN106033816B (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2019-02-12 | 日本蓄电器工业株式会社 | The electrode manufacturing method using three-dimensional shape electrode matrix of electrochemical applications product |
KR101765381B1 (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2017-08-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Dual coating method for electrode |
KR102058113B1 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2019-12-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Electrode with Improved Adhesion Property for Lithium Secondary Battery and Preparing Method therof |
KR20180089525A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-08-08 | 스텔라 케미파 코포레이션 | Non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary battery and secondary battery having same |
CN105932246B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-12-18 | 浙江美达瑞新材料科技有限公司 | Nanoscale structures improve the anode material for lithium-ion batteries and preparation method thereof improved |
KR102217107B1 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2021-02-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Composition for gel polymer electrolyte, gel polymer electrolyte and lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
WO2019202086A1 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | An electrolyte composition for a lithium-ion battery and a lithium-ion battery |
KR102259218B1 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2021-05-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Electrode for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery including the same |
KR102259219B1 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2021-05-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Lithium secondary battery |
CN109119619B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-11-19 | 江西迪比科股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the lithium ion cell positive of high rate capability |
CN109461884A (en) * | 2018-12-08 | 2019-03-12 | 广东维都利新能源有限公司 | A kind of lithium battery that can be worked at high temperature and save |
KR102425515B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2022-07-25 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Lithium secondary battery |
KR102487628B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2023-01-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Rechargeable lithium battery |
KR102425514B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2022-07-25 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Lithium secondary battery |
KR102492832B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2023-01-26 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Lithium secondary battery |
KR102492831B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2023-01-26 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Lithium secondary battery |
KR102425513B1 (en) | 2019-05-03 | 2022-07-25 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Lithium secondary battery |
CN110474019B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2020-10-30 | 广州中国科学院工业技术研究院 | High-specific energy battery positive pole piece and preparation method thereof |
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