US873243A - Governing mechanism for turbines. - Google Patents

Description

No. 873,243- PATBNTED DEC. 10, 1907.

I O. JUNGGREN. I

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

' APBLIOATION FILED MAY 7, 1906.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Witnesses: 'lnventon' O car'Jun rep,

- may.

PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907..

O. JUNGGREN. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLIOAIION FILED MAY 7, 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

In ventor':

Witnesses Oscar" :PATENTED DEG. 10, 1907..

0. JUNGGREN. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES. APPLICATION FILED MAY 7, 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- hwentorn- Oscardung r'en,

I Wavy.

No. 873,243. PATENTED DEC; 10, 1907'.

0. JUNGGREN. v GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLIUATIONFILED MAY 7, 1906.

4 S HEBTSSHEET 4..

ln ventor':

\ Oscardungg en, I

by 6441 mm Jvccy.

Witnesses.-

n'rnxn'r OFFICE.

OSCAR IUNGGREN, OF SOIdENEOTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1907.

Application filed Ma ,7. 1906. Serial No. 315.523-

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Oscna JUNe REN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of New York,.have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governing Mechanism for Turbines, of which the following is a s ecification.v

he present invention has for its object to improve and simplify. the construction of thegovermng mechanisms for elastic fluid turblnes.

In carrying out my invention, the turbine may-be of any suitable construction. As an example I have shown one of the jet type,

but the invention is not necessarily so 11mited. Steam orotherelastic fluid is admitted to .the wheel buckets through one two or more passages, depending upon the size and I have illustrated-as embodiments of the invention axturbine having two admission ports .in one. case and, three in the other, each port .delivering' elastic fluid to one, two

or more sections of a sectionalized nozzle or other fluid-discharging device.- These sections may be expanding or non-expanding in character as "bestwsuits the requirements.

The valve "controlling the pprts is constantly moving to-and-fro,.the., length of its travel,

'varyi with variations in-load.. For light.

loads .1; e len gth'fof travel isslight, increasing with increasi trolled an d move bya powerfiul governor, acting under the combined; influence of centrifugalforce and inertia, andg 'f: simple and rugged construction. As. an example, thegovernorcomprises a fly-wheel or OthGII'0-- ,tating support Wl-llGh'lS preferably driven .40 suitable speed-'reduc'- from the main'i'shaft-of the turbine through gearing. Where the speed of t e turbine is. ow,-'the fl'y-wheel may be direct-driven. Q "Mounted onand rotating with the fly-wheel is aweightoppo'sed by a spring that assumes difierent positions with respect tothe fly-w-heel fordiflerentload conditions. Mounted in a nia-nner to move with theweight is a member such as a wristwhich has a definite orbit fora given 50 oad, the said orbit enlarging with increasin load and diminishin' with decreasing. loa Motion is transmitte from the said member to the valve through .assuitahle. connection-'- made as directaspossible to reduce the nuim' ber of parts and cut down lost-motion,. and

loads. The valve is con-.

l as the former moves in its orbit due to the rotation of the fly-wheel, the valve is given a to-and-fro movement. The valveis balanced or substantially balanced as to fluid pressures, and the ports and the part of the valvearearranged to have different degrees of overlap with respect to each other. object .of this is to have one or more ports that are alternately opening and closing for certain load conditions, and one or more other ports that are only opened and closed when the load is eater.

that fluid will be a mitted to the turbine in pufls of greater or less volume, and that the pressure oh the bowls of the nozzle sections will momentarily be the same as that of the in eflicient use, of the steam or other fluid.

In an arrangement of the character described the flow of fluid through the turbine .is continuous and always from the high to the low pressure end, and therefore it is only necessary to control the admission; It is also clear that no particular relation has to exist between the positions of the governor parts and valve, and that of the bucket-wheel. or wheels, as is the case with the valves and pistons of reciprocatingengines, which'isan important consideration; Where -it isdesired for any reason to reduce the puff-like bine, it can be done by'including a reservoir or chamber of suitable capacity between the controlling valve and the port, passage, nozzle or other device discharging fluid tothe the effect, so to speak, of-smoothing out the reduced but nearly.

illustrative of my invention, .Figure 1 is a governing mechanism, certain of the parts eing broken away tomore clearly show the parts; Fig. 2 is an end view of the turbine,

The.

efl'ect of the motive fluid admitted to the turturbine. This reservoir or chamber will have view of a'turbine fitted with my improved.

It willbe seen supply for each stroke of the valve, resulting ulsations inthe fluid, and the latter will.

' valves may be, mounted on the same or differing three sets of ports controlled by a piston valve; Fig. 6 isa sectional view on an enlarged scale through the valve casing and showing the location of the nozzle .sections or other fluid discharging devices in dotted lines; 1 Fig. 7 is a detail view showing a reservoir 'o'r chamber interposed between the controlling valve and the device or devices discharging fluid to the wheel buckets; and Fig. 8 shows an arrangement for obtaining successive operation of individual valves. 1

1 represents the main h ft of the turbine on which are mounted wheels 2 having-buckets 3 suitably arranged thereon, Where more than asingle row of wheel buckets is provided for each stage, intermediate buckets are provided between them for reversing the direction of the fluid and conveying it from one row of wheel buckets to another. I

have shown only one stage of amulti-stage turbine, it being understood that I may .employ as many-stages as are desired or the machine may be provided with only one stage,

depending u on the size of the machine and conditions 0 operation. Fluid isdischarged against the bucket wheel by a nozzle 6 or other fluid-discharging device of suitable construction having one, two or more'dis charge passages 7, each assage having a bowl 8 the latter communicating with a sup: ply passage or port. The nozzle] or other fluid-discharging device is attached to and supported by the valve casing-10, the latter belng bolted to the head of the turbine. Steam is admitted to the valve chest by the conduit The valve chest is bored centrally to receive the sleeve 12 and is also provided with 'ports that communicate with corresponding ports in the sleeve.

' within thesleeve is a balanced piston valve 13 having a stem 14. p The valve is su ported on the stem by means of a spider-li e construction having orifices 15 (Figs. 1 and 3) so that steam has access to the space'above and below the ends of the valve as well as to the intermediate portion. The upper end of the valve casing is closed by a head 16 and the lower end by a head 17 through which the valve stem extends.

The mechanism for actuating the .valve will now be described. 20 represents a flywheel or support that is mounted u on a shaft 21 shown in dotted lines in ig. 2, which shaft receives motion from the main I shaft through the worm 22 and worm-wheel 23, the object of the worm gearing being to latter may be somewhat simplified.

v increases.

Mountedfor movement controlling valve, but under certain circum stances I may mount it on the same side as the valve, in which case the connection to the The governor comprises Weights 24 and 25 that are connected by a bar 26, the latter being connected to the fiy-wheel or support 20 by the pivot-pin 27. As the speed increases the weights and the bar tend to moveabout the pivot 27 as acenter This movement is opposed by the extension spring 28 connecte at one end to the pin 29 and at the other end to a support 30 that passes through the rim 7 of the fly-wheel. Mounted on the weight-connecting arm is a member such as a wrist-pin 31 that tends to move from the position' shown toward the center of the lowspeed shaft 21 under conditions of increased speed. The orbit of the wrist-pin is a circle, the diameter of which varies with changes in load, it being greatest when the load is heavy and gradually decreasing as the load becomes lightanid the speed of the main shaft I As shown the axis of the pin is capable of moving to a point where it coincides with that of the secondary shaft 2-1 in which case the valve 13 will remain stationary until the load changes, when it will again move to-and-fro. Situated in the base of the support for the main'bearing is a rock-shaft 32 having alever 33 on one end that is connected by the connecting-rod 34 with the wrist-pin. The opposite end of the rockshaft is provided with a lever 35 connected by the connecting-rod 36 with the stem 14 of the controlling valve. For every revolution of the governor shaft 21 when steam is flowing into the turbine the rock-shaft 32 is oscillated through one complete cycle, the extent of this oscillation being governed by the position of the wrist-pin 31 with respect to the axis of the governor or secondary shaft 21.

In Fig. 1 the piston valve 13 is shown as controlling four sets of ports, the adjacent or inside ports 37 and 38 controlling the admission to the turbine for conditions of normal loads, and the outside- ports 39 and 40 controlling the admission of fluid for conditions of greater load or overload. Under certain conditionsthe valve 13 will expose first the port 37 on its up stroke and the port 38 on its down stroke. When the load conditions are greater the valve will exposethe ports 37 and 39 on the upward stroke and ports 38 and 40 on the downward stroke. For intermediate load conditions the ports above referred to will be throttled to a reater or less extent. Ifthe' lapon one end 0 the valve is less than on the other, it will be seen that one port will beso arranged that one end of the valve admits sufficient steam for full load or any percenta e that may be deemed advisable, and the ot er for overload.

ted above and below the valve 13 and also to Referring to Fig 3, the'ports 37 and .38 are connected to the passage 41, the latter discharging steam to the bowls 8 of the expansion nozzle 6. The ports 39 and 40 are arranged to discharge steam to the passage'42, the latter supplying steam to the bowls 8 of the overload nozzle sections. For simplicity in description I have mentioned the ports 37 and 38 and passage 41 as being used for normal load conditions and ports 39 and 40 and passage42 for overload conditions, but these terms are to be understood as being only relative. I

In Fig. 4 is shown a construction wherein steam from the supply conduit 11 is admitthe s ace between the heads of the valve. In tlns figure 41 represents the assage to the normal-load nozzles and 42 t e passage to the overload nozzles. It is to be observed that the width of the lower head of the valve valve.. For: the purpose .of illustration the relative width or! overlap'of the different is less, than that of the upper head so that undermoderate reciprocations of the valve the port 41 only will be exposed, while under conditions ofoverload both ports 41 and 42 w1ll beexposed for each reciprocation of the headsof the valvehave been somewhat exaggerated. v i

Instead of actuating the valve 13 throu h the intermediary of therock-shaft 32 and t e attached levers. and connecting rods, it is actuated directly from the member 31 carried by the governor, thereby still further simplifying the construction and eliminatinga number of parts and reducing the chance for wear and the troubles incident to lost-mo-' tion in the joints. The member 31 is mounted on the, bar 26 connecting the weights as before. The connecting rod 34 is united. with the valve stem 14 by the pivot 31.. The packing gland on the under side of the valve casing can be utilized as a guide, or a separate'guide and cross-head may be provided. In Fig. 5 is shown anarran'gement intended for use with a greater number of nozzles or nozzle sections or other fluid-discharging devices. In this case 41 represents the passage leading to the normal-load nozzles, 43 the,

from the bottom-toward the top'. This is so I that a slight movement of the valve will expose only the port 41, and a greater movement will'expose theport 43 "as well as-41,

and a still greater movement will expose all.

three ports for each rotation of the or low-speed shaft '21.

- In Fig. 6'is shown a sectional view ofthe governor valve casing on a large scale for 'thepurpose of illustration. 41 represents the assage leading to the normal load nozzles, s own n dotted lines, and 42 the passage leading to the overload nozzles, also shown in dotted lines.

In Fig. 7 is shown a reservoir or chamber 45 interposed between the controlling valve is arranged to supply lubricant to the bear-; ings of the main shaft and also those of the secondary shaft. p I

The action of my improved mechanism is as follows: Steam on being admitted to the a turbine starts the bucket wheel into motion and with it the main and secondary shafts.

This causes the member 31 of the governor to rotate in an orbit determined by the loadconditions. shaft back and forth through a 'predeter mined number of degrees and the travel of the piston valve 13 will be governed accordingly. As the speed increases the orbit of the member 31 will diminish and the travel of the valve will decrease, and thereby re turbine. Conversely, as the speed decreases the orbit ofthe member 31 Wlll increase,

This will oscillate the rock- 'duce the amount of steam admitted to the, I

t ereby increasing the amplitude of the osi- I cillation of the rock-shaft and the travel of; the valve, and increasing the amount of" steam admitted.

By pro erly arranging the ports. and the parts of t e valve or valves and the ports, it is evident that steam can be admitted to one nozzle orfluid discharging device when the demand for motive fluid is light, the valve moving toand-fro with a given travel; that when the-load is greater the valve or valves will have a greater travel and expose two ports; and that as the load further increases .still more ports may be included within the range of travel of the valve or valves, and so on. V

Where individual valves are employed they may be actuated by se arate levers 35, or

they may all be actuate by the same lever,

the pivots 49 being mounted at different distances from the'axis of the shaft 32 as shown in Fig. 8. Other arrangements to accomplish this result will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

In accordance with the'provisions of the patent statutes, I'have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider'to' represent thebest embodiment thereof; but

I desire to have it understood that the appa- 'ratus shown is'only illustrative, and that the I invention ean' 'be; carried out by othermeans.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,

1. A turbine through which the flow of motive fluid is from the high to the low pressure end, in combination with a valve for regulatingthe admission of-motive fluid, and a governor-controlled member Whose orbit varies with load changes and which moves the valve to-and-fro to regulate the passage of motive fluid, the stroke of the valve changing with changes in the orbit of said member;

2. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing and relatively rotatable elements, in combinationwith a valve for regulating the passage of motive fluid through said elements, aspeed-responsive device, a member rotating with said device for moving the valve to-and-iro whose orbit varies in size with load changes to vary the travel of the valve. I

3. An elastic-fluid turbine having .wheel buckets and a fluid-admitting device, in combination with a valve that regulates the pas-,

sage of motive fluid to the device and is interposed between it and the source of supply, a speed governor, a member carried by and rotating with the governor whose orbit changes in size with the load, and a connec-- tion that transforms the rotary motion of said member into to-and-fro movement of the valve. Y 4. An elastic-fluid turbine having wheel buckets and independent fluid-admitting devices, in combination with a valve having a constant to-and-fro movement varying in amplitude with the load, that is common to the devices to regulate the passage of motive fluid to the devices and is interposed be tween them and the source of fluid supply, a governor responding to changes in load on the turbine, a member carried by and rotating with the governor weight whose orbit enlarges and diminishes as the load changes, and a connection which transforms the rotary motion of. the said member into a toand-fro motion of the valve and also changes the amplitude of its movement \with changes in size of the orbit of the said member.

5. An elastic-fluid turbine having wheel buckets and a fluid-admitting device, in com bination with a valve for regulating the passage of fluid to the device that has a to-and-v fro movement, a fly-wheel driven by the turbine," a weight pivotally mountedon the flywheel, the wheel and weight changing their relative positions with changes inspeed, a member mounted on and moving with the weight Whose orbit enlarges and diminishes as the relative positions of the weight and fly-wheel change, and a mechanical connec tion umting the valve and said member so that the rotary movement of the latter is.

transformed into a toand-fro movement of the valve whose amplitude of stroke varies with changes in the orbit of the said member. 6. A turbine through which the flow of elastic fluid is constantly from the high to the low pressure end, comprising wheel buckets and fluid-discharging devices, in

combination with a valve which moves toand-fro to expose a port connected to one of said devices under certain load conditions, and to expose another port under difierent load conditions, a overnor carrying a memher which rotates t erewith and whose orbit varies with changes in load, and a connection between the member and the valve for mov ing the latter.

7. A turbine through which the flow of motive fluid is constantly from the high to the low pressure end, comprising wheel buckets and a fluid-dischargm device in combination with ports that a mit fluid to the'device, a valve that opens first one port and then another, a overnor responsive to speed changes, a mem or carried by the gov ernor which rotates therewith and has its orbit changed with changes in load, and a connection uniting the said member and valve so that the latter will be moved to and fro to open and close the ports, the extent of said movement being determined by the variations in the size of the orbit of said member.

8. A turbine through which the flow of motive fluid is constantly from the high to the low pressure end, com rising wheel buckets and a fluid-discharg1n combination-with (ports arran e admit motive flui device, in

to the di erent devices,

tions and another for heavier load conditions, a speed-responsive device, a member moving with said device whose orbit varies with the load for changing the stroke of the valve in a manner to cause it to cover and uncover one set of orts for li ht load conditions and cover an uncover zillthe ports for heavier load conditions.

9. A turbine through which the flowof motive fluid is constantly from the high tothe low ressure end, comprising wheel buckets, evices discharging motive fluid against the buckets, and passages conveying fluid to the devices, in combination with a valve having a'variable stroke arranged to.

cover and uncover ports communicating in sets that 'one set receiving fluid for light load condito one-or more of said devices and is moved in a similar manner but with a greater travel for an" increased load, a speed-responsive device, a member mounted thereon and rotating therewith whose orbit changes with changes in speed, and a mechanical connection for directly transformmg'and transmittingthe orbital movement of the said mem ber into a to-and-fro movement of the'valve.

' 1-1. A turbine comprising wheel buckets, a casing therefor and fluid discharging devices, a plurality of ports connecting with the devices, a valve arranged to move to and fro over the ports, the parts of the valve and the ports having a progressive overlap to successively cut the said devices into and out of service, a speed-responsive device, a member carried thereby whose orbit changes in size with chan es in load on the turbine, and a mechanica connection secured to said member that vibrates the valve and changes its travel in accordance with changes in size of the orbit of said member.

12. In combination, a turbine with a governing mechanism therefor comprising a speed-responsive device, a member carried 35, of the motive fluid-.

thereby whose orbit enlarges and diminishes with changes in load, a valve for controlling the admission of fluid to the turbine which is directly vibrated by the said member, the extent of said vibrations varying withvariations in size of the orbit of said member, and a reservoir interposed between the valve'and the turbine to decrease the pulsatory effects nection between the said member and the valve for moving the latter to and fro and changing its travel in accordance with changes in size of the orbit of said member.

14. A turbine, in combination with ports through which the motive fluid passes,'inde-' pendent fluid-discharging devices communicating with" the ports, a valve balanced as to fluid pressures having portions of varying widths arranged to cover and uncover the ports to successively cut the discharging devices into and out of service, and a governorcontrolled member whose orbit changes in size with 'load changes for moving the valve to-and-fro and also change the extent of its travel.

15. A turbine, in combination with means for regulating the passage of motive fluid therethrough, a governor actingby centrifugal force and inertia, a member rotating with the go vernor whose orbit changes in size with the changes in load, and a devicecon 'necting'the said means and the member for transforming the rotary movement of the latter into a to and-fro movement of the former.

16. A turbine, in combination with a valve which controls the passage of motive fluid through the turbine, a governor driven by the turbine, a member rotating with the governor whose position changes with changes in load,

and a connection that unites the valve and the member so that. as the latter rotates it will keep the valve constantly in motion and at the same time adjust it to vary the imount of motive fluid flowing in the tur- In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 5th day of May, 1906.

OSCAR JUNGGREN.

Witnesses:

BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFORD.

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