US873153A - System for ventilating passenger-cars. - Google Patents

Description

, PATENTED DEC. 10', 1907. N. s. MERGER. SYSTEM FOR VENTILATING PASSENGER CARS.

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N. s. MERGER- SYSTEM FOR VBNTILATING PASSENGER CARS. APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1906.

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No. 873,153.- PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

N. s. MERGER: SYSTEM FOR VBNTILATING PASSENGER CARS APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1906.

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PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

N. S. MERGER. SYSTEM FOR VENTILATING PASSENGER CARS.-

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1906.

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PATENT or riona NELSON S. MERGER, OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA.

SYSTEM FOR VENTILA'IING PASSENGER-CARS.

Specification of Letters-Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1907.

Application filed September 29. 1906. Serial No. 336,682.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NELsoN S. MERCER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Omaha, in the county of Douglas and State of Nebraska, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems for Ventilating Passenger-Cars, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in systems for ventilating passenger cars of the class where air is forced or drawn through the car.

The object of the invention is to provide a more simple and economical means for the ventilation of railway passenger cars than heretofore shown, which will also be appli cable to street cars, as well as compartment cars.

Another object is to provide for an equal distribution of air of normal temperature or of heated air to all parts of the car, the air being moved imperceptibly so that it permeates all parts of the car.

The invention has reference to the screening of sand, coal dust or cinders from air for passenger cars and to introduce a means for individual control, of ventilation so far as compartment or sleeping cars are concerned, within the compartment or berth.

With these and other objects in view the invention presents a novel construction and arrangement of parts as fully disclosed herein and as shown by the drawings wherein,

Figure 1 represents a vertical elevation of a part of a car, employing my invention, being an interior view with broken-away portions to show construction, the figure illustrating the employment of a single air- Fig. 2 is a detail relating to Fig. 1 with broken-away portions to show vertical branches or wall pipes connecting with exhaust pipes. Fig. 3 is a detail relating to Fig. 1 showing the lengthwise extending in closing pipe. Fig. 4. is a detail of Fig. 3 showing the inclosing pipe in section. Figs. 5 and 6 relate to Fig. 2 to illustrate a means for manual control of the ventilating wallpipe. Fig. 7 represents a vertical end view of the body of a car partly in section with broken-away portions toshow the vertically extending conducting pipes. Fig. 8 represents a portion of a lengthwise extending ventilating pipe with side branches being a detail of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a detail of Fig. 8 being a plan-view of the ventilating pipe, with top cover removed to show construction. Fig. 10 is a side view representing a fragment of car floor in section, relative position of car axles, and an exhaust pipe showing adaptation for employment of a double exhaust fan. Fig. 11 represents a plan view of a double exhaust fan and exhaust-pipes connected therewith.- Fig. 12 is a detail of Fig. 11, being a broken-away view to show valves. Fig. 13 is a detail relating to Fig. 7 and represents a plan-view of the ceiling of a car, showing ventilating ports'and, by broken lines showing the relative position of the ventilating pipe which appears in Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. 14 is a representation of my invention showing adaptability for its use upon street cars, this view being a vertical side-view of a street-oar, the pipes being shown by brokenaway lines. Fig. 15 is a detail of Fig. 14 bea plan view of a portion of the roof showing mounting of the leaves. Fig. 16 is a detail relating to Fig. 14 showing arrangement of the pipes, exhaust pipes and inlets to the exhaust pipes, and Fig. 17 is a detail, partly in section, relating to Fig. 16 which willbe fully explained hereinafter. Fig. 18 represents an arrangement of the vertical conducting pipes upon the front ends of a street car and the lengthwise extending inclosing pipes; also showing adaptability for the employment of a single exhaust fan, this being an end view, partly in section, showing the interior of the car from the rear-end. Fig. 19 is a detail relating to Fig. 14 showing the vertical and lateral conducting pipes at the rear end of the car. Fig. 20 is a plan view of the ventilating pipe, the top cover being removed to show construction, being a similar view to that shown by Fig. 9, and introduced to illustrate adaptability for use upon street cars. Fig. 21 is a plan-view of the ceiling of a street car showing ventilating ports. Fig. 2 is a detail relating to Fig. 1, showing gauze or netting mounted at the intake or deck window of a passenger car. Figs. 23 and 24 are details relating to Fig. 1 showing employment of one or more screens, in connection with the vertical conducting pipe. Fig. 25 is a sectional view representing a plurality of heating pipes within an inclosing pipe. Fig. 26 is intended to show inclination of the leaves or blades of a double exhaust fan.

Methods have heretofore been shown, the intention being to furnish means for ex hausting superheated or foul air from passenger cars and various exhaust fans have been invented for this purpose. The construction shown herein is for complete control of the intake of air, and its management until drawn out of the car, the travel of the heated air in cold weather being through the same pipes, and its expulsion the same as during a warm season. It is intended by this invention to furnish air free from dust or impurities to all portions of the car without requiring the opening of windows at any season and in a manner so that there is no considerable draft of air in the car. The aim of the invention is to avoid expensive construction, which has been a feature of former constructors, and to furnish an effective and simple arrangement of parts.

I construct an intake pipe 1 (F ig. 1) supported in any suitable manner upon the inner wall 2 of each side 3 (Fig. 7) of a passenger car 4; the intake pipe being .provided with a suitably enlarged head 5 and making face contact with a deck windowframe 6 (Fig. 22); this deck-Window frame is provided preferably with wire gauze 7, so that cinders or sand may substantially, be excluded; the intake pipe 1 asses down ward and is continued lengthwise of the car as an inclosing pipe 8 and envelops the lengthwise extending heating pipe 9 of the car (Figs. 1, 3 and 1) in a manner so that an open space 10 (Fig. 4) is preserved, and I provide a series of openings 11 formed in the wall of the inclosing pipe adapted to make a closure upon the transversely extending pipes 12 of the car; the inclosing pipe at the opposite end of the car passes upward as a conducting pipe 13 (Figs. 1 and 7) and terminates at the rear end of the car beneath the roof 14 (Fig. 7). It will be understood that each side of the car is similarly provided with this pipe construction so that air passes into the car upon either or both sides within the pipes and the terminal ends 13 (Fig. 7) of the conducting pipe connect with the ventilating pipe 15 (F igs.,8 and 9) which extends beneath the roof the entire length, practically, of thecar; the ventilating pipe may form a part of the ceiling of the car, and is provided with a series of suitablyspaced openings 16 upon the lower face, these openings providing a means for the air to pass from the ventilating pipe 15 within the car, and I employ any suitable fan as represented by the numeral 17 adapted to propel the air in the direction indicated by the arrow. (Fig. 9.) Electric motors are now quite generally in use which are reliable, economical and convenient, and fans are used and driven by these motors; it is thought that a particular description there fore, of the construction of the motor or fan employed, is not required. The ventilator box is constructed with outer walls 18 and an inner partition 19 the later extend ing a part only of the length of the ventilator pip e, dividing this pipe into two receptacles having open spaces 20 and 21 adjacent to the fan 17, this construction being for the purpose of causing an equal distribution of the air which passes through the pipes heretofore described. I employ preferably one or more screens 2 slidably mounted in an enlarged portion 23 of the vertical conducting pipe 13 for the purpose of collecting any sand or dust which might escape screen 7, the enlarged part 23 being pro vided with the door 24, and screens 22 may be used or omitted according to the existing conditions or season, the door being adapted to make a suitable closure of o ening 25.

From the description thus given it will be noted that air is taken into the car from a point where there is the least dust, and is made pure by screening, is conveniently heated and is distributed in an even manner from the ceiling, so that no draft is created; by the present construction only a portion of the heat is utilized; the invention shows the con trol of a part of the heat from the laterally extending heating pipes generally found. on

all cars, electrically heated, or where heated by other means.

Foul air is removed from the car by means now to be explained, and I provide the longitudinally disposed exhaust pipe 26 (Figs. 1 2 7 and 10) attached in any suitable manner beneath floor 27 of the car and construct therefrom branches, as the horizontally disposed arms 28 and the vertically disposed arms 29 (Figs. 2 and 7.) and the vertically formed Wall pipes 30 (Figs. 2 and 7.); pipes 29 terminate at ventilators 31 conveniently formed upon the vertical face of seats 32, and pipes 30 terminate at ventilators 33 (Figs. 2, 5 and 6.); ventilators 33 are positioned within convenient reach of the occupant of a car, and may be controlled by the individual passenger, since the face of ventilator 33 is provided with the rotatable closing half-disk 34. adapted to inclose the Wire gauze 35 by rotating the knob 36, the blank half-disk 37 being rigid in its mounting, or any other device may be employed for this purpose which permits the occupant of a compartment to exercise a control of ventilation.

I employ the exhaust fan 38 mounted beneath the car, and by means of band 39 power may be economically derived from the axle 40 of car wheel 41, or, if preferred, the exhaust fan may be propelled by means of an electric motor (not shown), the former power, however, is preferred; and it will be understood that air will be withdrawn. through connecting-pipe 42 (Fig. 1.) from exhaust pipe 26, and from branches 28 and tiated air is withdrawn from the car; a forced withdrawal of air is an aid to the intake of air, and the custom of maintaining open windows is considered quite unnecessary when this'invention is employed, and, as is apparent, the objectionable intake of cinders and dust through 0 en windows may be avoided; the function 0 individual control of ventilation as shown by the invention will be readily understood and appreciated by occupants of a sleeping car or compartment-cars since the condition of the air may be regulated.

In tourist and certain other cars, stoves are used for heating purposes and the pipe 43 is connected with the pipe 44 of the stove, and since pipe 43 is connected with exhaust pipe 26 the draft of the stove may be increased.

I employ the double exhaust fan indicated by the numerals 45 and 45 shown in Fig. 11, and construct the angularly disposed and horizontally extending exit pipe-arms in pairs as pipe- arms 46 and 46, and 47 and 47; and mount valves 48 and 49 rotatably at 50 upon walls 51 of pipes 47 and 47, and employ stop-lugs 52 contactibly adjacent to the valves, the upwardly extending pipe 42 being employed to connect pipes 47 and 47 with pipe 26. The double exhaust fan is a very perfect and quite inexpensive device, now generally in use and this double fan may be constructed with the mechanism reversed,that is to say the inclination of leaves 64 of one fan may be disposed parallel with the leaves 64 of the other fan as indi cated by Fig. 26, so that a movement of pulley 53 continued in one direction will cause fans 45 and 45 to move air in opposite directions. Since in the operation of railways,

cars are often made to travel backwards, this construction is of importance in connection with the invention so that an exhaust of foul air within the car may be continued regardless of a forward or backward travel of a car, and it will be understood that when the car is moving in one direction, as forwardly, air in pipes 46 and 47 (Fig. 11.) will be exhausted and will pass through arm 46 in the direction indicated by the arrow, and that this movement will open valve 49 and close valve 48, and the device is operative to exhaust air from the car by reason of this arrangement of valves and stop-lugs together with the inclination mentioned of the leaves of each fan; and it is obvious that when the car moves backward, air within pipe- arms 46 and 47 will pass in the direction of the arrow, since the leaves of each fan have a similar inclination, and an exhaust of air in the direction last indicated will cause valve 48 to remain open and will close valve 49 against stop-lug 52, and thereby thedevice is operative so that whether moving forward or backward the ventilation of the car is in progress.

of the car, if considered necessary.

tending lengthwise of a railway'car for the purpose of inclosing the heating pipe but it is obvious that by enlarging the inclosing pipe, a greater number of heating-pipes could be inclosed as shown by Figs. 18 and 25 I believe the best results are to be obtained by allowing a portion of the floor pipes to remain uncovered and operative to heat the floor of the car.

I employ upon street cars vertically disposed intake pipes 1 in the front part of the car body (Figs. 1 and 18.) and horizontally disposed inclosing pipes 8 at the sides 3 (Figs. 14, 18 and 19.) which inclose lengthwise extending heating-pipes 9, and upwardly extending conducting-pipes 13 leading to the terminal ends 13 beneath the deck of the street car,the construction being not dissimilar to that already shown and described; beneath the roof of the street car and extending substantially the entire length of the car is the ventilator box 15 (Fig. 20.) having a partition 19 extending a part of its length between the outer walls 18 whereby two longitudinal receptacles are formed, each receptacle having open spaces 20 and 21 adacent to the fan 17 and having the series of ports 16. For all purposes of the invention the ventilating ports or openings 16 of ceiling 54 shown in Fig. 21 may be considered the lower covering of ventilating pipes 15,

the apertures 16 corresponding in location to the ports 16 and by this construction air taken within the intake-pipes 1 may have a continuous passage within the pipes as described and may be heated and distributed within the car.

The fan 17 may be dispensed with upon swift moving cars by employing leaves 55 inclinedly disposed and preferably rotatable as at 56, and resiliently mounted as by the spring 57, vertically mounted at the sides of the deck 58 at the front end of the car adj a- 'air will be driven through the car and ventilation effected without the aid of fan 17; the

opening or closing of leaves 55 may be controlled by means of a lever from the inside Since street cars are moved forwardly in nearly all cases, leaves 55 mounted upon the outside of the car affords an economical means for directing the current of air for ventilation.

The usefulness of the invention when employed for street cars is apparent, as in I have shown one inclosing pipe only, exi the car a single exhaust fan 38 is employed and attached to the car below the floor in any suitable manner so that it has a rigid seating upon the car, and by means of the band 39, rotation of the exhaust fan may be imparted from the axle 40 of the car and by means of lateral branches 60 and longitudinal exhaust pipes 61, and upwardly extending pipes 62 provided with the series of floor ventilators 63 (Fig. 17), a continuous conduit is provided for the passage and expulsion of foul air from the car.

Having thus fully explained my invention, what I claim as new is,

1. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with lengthwise extending air pipes within the car and having exteriorly communicating intake portions, of a ventilating duct in communication with said lengthwise extending air pipes and having longitudinal outer walls,a partition disposed between the outer walls ofsaid ventilating duct and making a closure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form an air-conducting chamber extending a part of the length of said ventilating duct and to form separate ventilating sections with apertures communicating with the interior of the car.

2. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with longitudinal air pipes within the car and having exteriorly communicating intake portions, of a ventilating duct disposed adjacent and above the ceiling of the car and having a communication with said longitudinal air pipes and provided with longitudinal outer walls; a partition disposed between the outer walls of said ventilating duct and making a closure with and inter mediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form separate ventilating sections with apertures in substantial alinement communicating with the interior of the car, and mechanism within said ventilating duct for causing a movement of air in the direction of said apertures within said separate ventilating sections.

3. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination of inclosing-pipes disposed. longitudinally within the car to occupy planes above the car floor and below the car seats, and provided with intake pipes extended to communicate exteriorly of the car; heatingpipes extending within the inclosing-pipes and having transverse pipe-sections traversing the walls of the inclosing-pipes; a ventilating duct in communication with said inclosing-pipes and having longitudinal outer walls, a partition disposed. between the outer walls of said ventilating duct and making a closure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form an air-conducting chamber extending a part of the length of said ventilating duct and to form separate ventilating sections with apertures communicating with the interior of the car.

4. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination of inclosing-pipes disposed longitudinally within the car to occupy planes above the car floor and below the car seats, and provided with intake pipes extended to communicate exteriorly of the car; heatingpipes extending within the inclosing-pipes and having transverse pipe-sections traversing the walls of the inclosing-pipes; a ventilating duct disposed adjacent and above the ceiling of the car and having a communication with said inclosing-pipes and provided with longitudinal outer walls; a partition disposed between the outer walls of said ventilating duct and. making a closure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form separate ventilating sections with apertures in substantial alinement communicating with the interior of the car and mechanism within said ventilating duct for causing a movement of air in the direction of said apertures within said separate ventilating sections.

5. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with exhaust pipes communicating with the interior of the car, rotatable exhaust fans disposed beneath the car and in communication with said exhaust pipes, of inclosing-pipes disposed longitudinally with in the car to occupy planes above the car floor and below the car seats and provided with intake pipes extended to communicate exteriorly of the car; heating-pipes extending within the inclosing-pipes and having transverse pipe-sections traversing the walls of the inclosing-pipes, and an upper longitudinally-extending ventilating duct in communication with said inclosing-pipes and having apertures in communication with the interior of the car.

6. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with exhaust ipes communicating with the interior of t e car, rotatable exhaust fans disposed beneath the car and in communication with said exhaust pipes, of lengthwise extending air pipes within the car and having exteriorly communicating intake portions; a ventilating duct in communication with said lengthwise extending air pipes and having longitudinal outer Walls, a partition disposed between the outer walls of said ventilating duct and making a closure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form an air-conducting chamber extending a part of the length of said ventilating duct and to form separate ventilating sections with apertures communicating with the interior of the car.

7. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with exhaust ipes communicating with the interior of t e car, rotatable exhaust fans disposed beneath the car and in communication with said exhaust pipes, of inclosing-pipes disposed longitudinally within the car to occupy planes above the lating duct disposed adjacent and above the ceiling of the car and having a communication with said inclosing-pipes and provided with longitudinal outer walls; a partition disposed between the outer walls of said ventilating duct and making a closure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form separate ventilating sections with apertures in substantial alinement communicating with the interior of the car; and mechanism within said ventilating duct for causing a movement of air in the direction of said apertures within said separate ventilating sections.

8. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with lengthwise extending air pipes within the car and having exteriorly' communicating intake portions, of vertical air-conducting pipes in communication with said lengthwise extending air pipes, enlarged portions formed upon and intermediate the ends of said vertical air conducting pipes and each provided with a closure, slidable screens transversely disposed to traverse said enlarged portions of said vertical air conducting pipes; an upper longitudinally extending ventilating duct in communication with said vertical air conducting pipes and having exit ports in communication with the interior of the car; a central longi tudinal exhaust pipe having transverse exhaust ducts communicating with the interior of the car, and means to remove the air from said central longitudinal exhaust pipe.

9. In a system for ventilating cars, the combination with lengthwise extending air pipes within the car and having exteriorly communicating intake portions, of vertical air-conducting pipes in communication with said lengthwise extending air pipes; enlarged portions formed upon and intermediate the ends of said vertical air conducting pipes and each provided with a closure, slidable screens transversely disposed to traverse said enlarged portions of said vertical air conducting pipes; a ventilating duct in communication with said vertical air conducting pipes, and having longitudinal outer walls, a partition disposed between the outer walls of said ventilating duct and making a closure with and intermediate the ends of one of said outer walls to form an air conducting chamber extending a part of the length of said ventilating duct and to form separate ventilating sections with apertures communicating with the interior of the car.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

NELSON S. MERCER.

itnesses L. L. STEWART, MYRON D. JoNEs.

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