US872938A - System of control. - Google Patents

Description

- W ifncssas.

PATENTED DEC. 3, 1901.

G. H. HILL.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 31, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

invenror. George H.Hill.

n' as u No. 872,938. PATENTED DEG. a, 1907. e. H. HILL.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

APPLICATION TILED 00131, 1904.

3 BHEETB-SHEET 2.

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W ifnesses. lnvcnCor: .266; Q60. 6eorqeH.Hill.

No. 872,938. PATENTBD DEC. 3, 1907. G. H. HILL. SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED 001'. 31, 1904.

s SHEETS-SHEET a H x a 5 h 2V n M a T 3 w 7 I .m I 4 l 3 m a a M 31 \Y|I T a L lnvenror, George H. Hil I. By

wirnesses m 8% MW UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

GEORGE H. HILL, OF SOHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 3, 1907.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that, I, GEORGE H. HILL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectad county of Schenectady, State of New Yor have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Control,

of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to systems of motor control and particularly to control systems for units embodying a plurality of motors arranged to be grouped in various relations. v

For electric railway traffic and especially for heavy traliic where the locomotive used in hauling heavy passenger or freight trains is replaced by an electric locomotive, it has been found to be advisable to divide the motive apparatus into a number of elements which normally cooperate to pro el the mo tor car or locomotive and whic are controlled simultaneously and from a sin le point. It is desirable that the control of t e motors be such that they may start very slowly and with a smooth and uniform acceleration, whereby the train is started without disagreeable shocks and jerks; and therefore there should be a large number of control steps in order that proper currents may be impressed at the extremely low as well as at thehigh speeds.- It is furthermoredesirable that the entire number of resistance elements shall be available during each stage in the changes of the relative motor connections ralit of motors that a smooth and uniform acce eration is obtained by means of a large number of control steps requiring but a minimum number of resistance contacts, -and to out diminishing the effective motive power by a greater amount than that furnished by the defective motor or motors, and without necessitating an unsymmetrical arrangement of the connections of the remaining motors during acceleration.

A further feature of the present invention contemplates an arrangement of cut out switches for the several motors and such an interdependence between the control system and the cut-out switches that only symmetrical groupings of the motors can be made in case one or more motors are cut out.

In systems of this character a reversing switch of some kind is required. for giving the proper motor connections for-either direction of rotation of the motors. The ty e of reversing switch which has heretofore een employed, comprises fixed contacts and a cylinder section carrying the movable contacts. These contacts are adapted to have a sliding engagement with each other and are so arranged that when the contacts for permitting one direction of rotation of the motors are in engagement the contacts governing the other direction of rotation are out of engagement with each other. In this construction the greatest effort which must be exerted in operating the switch is ri ht at the beginning of movement when t e static friction between one set of contacts must be overcome. Electromagnets are used to operate the reversin switches, and it is evident that these must e made very powerful if the switch is to be thrown quickly, since ets is relatively' the strength of electroma small when the magnet is st energized and the magnetic ap is long, but builds'up when the moving p unger decreases the air gap. Consequently, if the electroma ets are designed so as to have only sufficient ultimate strength to operate the switch, the operation of the switch must necessarily be slow; if, on the other hand, the electroma et is designed to throw-theswitch quick y, the ultimate strength thereof is greatly in excess of One of the objects of the present invention Furis to so construct and arrange a reversing) switch that it shall embody great capacity in a com act structure and require but a minimum orce to start 1t.

" throughout the specification and drawings to spectively a side elevation and a plan view of my improved reversing switch, and Fig. 9 is a deta1l of said switch illustrating one of the interlocks, the view being taken along line A A, Fig. 8.

iinnlar reference characters will be used denote like parts.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated 'a four-motor, car or locomotive equipment, although the number of motors may be varied. The system as a whole is illustrated diagrammatically, as is usual in cases of this kind, since the various structural details, except that of the reversing switch, are old and well known. For detailed descriptions of the general system, the contacts and the interlocks, reference may be had to patents 617 ,546 to Elihu Thomson, granted January 10, 1899; 736,816 to Frank E. Case, granted 'August 18, 1903; and 733,252, to W; O. Mundy, granted July 7,

1903; the present invention relating simply to improvements in the system as a whole to efl'ect a new and. useful result.

Reference being had to Fig. 1, M M M v and M represent four motors of any suitable tacts B and B and contact 116, inclusive,

governing resistance sections RR, respectivelv F is a throttle or overload relay which closes a circuit through a controller checking device K, as set forth in a patent to Frank E.

Case, No. 801,214, October 10, 1905, for systems of motor. control; C and C are mas-' ter controllers, the one developed and the other shown in outline. The master controllers are connected in multiple to wires 17 31, which are in turn connected with the governing circuits of the motorcontrollerC. The

wires 17-31 extend throughout the length of 55 thelocomotive or car and are provided at their respective ends-with couplers a' whereby the equipments of two cars or locomotives may be connected together in the usual manner and controlled from eitherv controller upon either car or locomotive. R S and R. S are reversing switches for the motors M, M" and M M, respectively. 7 E and E are interlocks operatively associated with the reversing switches R S and R S, respectively. X X, X and X are cut-out switches for cutting out the 'motors M M M and M, respectively. T is the trolley shoe or other 1 current collecting device and several of these may of course be employed. 1) indicates a master reversing switch. The master controllers consistpreierably of two cylinders ll and R, controlling, respectively, the motorconnection and the resistances. These cylinders are geared together so that it revolves three times while Ii passes from oil to full parallel position, the movement being either a complete revolution or only a portion Cylinder ii 18 prov ded with con-- thereof.

tacts, asshown, which cooperate with the stationary contacts h-h", while the contacts carried by cylinder R cooperate withv the stationary contacts rr". The cylinder .l [is preferably constructed with contacts tocennect the motors all in series, in series-parallel and in parallel, and with a bridging contact whereby the 'motor circuits are not interrupted during the change from series-parallel to parallel.

The variousfeatures of novelty will be more clearly understood by tracing a complete cycle of operations in as .brief a manner as possible. Assume that'it is desired to move the car or train forward, '1'; c., to the right; the movable member (I of the masterreversing switch D is moved into engagement with fixed contacts (1, and the master controller is moved to its first position.

The contacts along line 8 of cylinder H engage with contacts h -h"; but there are no contacts along line r ofthe resistancecontrolling cylinder R and therefore, inthe first position of the 111aster-controller, the resistance is not effected A circuit may now be traced from trolley T to wire 32, blow-out coil R, blow-out coil II, contact k contact of cylinder II, contact h", contacts (1, train wire 18, wire 18 coil e" of reversing switch R S, lower contact of interlock e, interlock t of line contact-Tfl'to ground; thereby throwing reversing switch R S? to the position shown, and moving interlock e, so that its movable member engages with its upper fixed contact. circuit is now interruptedat the lower contact of interlock c and passes through the up er contact of this interlock, actuating coi of contact T actuating coil ,of contact T actuating coil of contact T, to ground; thereby closing line contacts T,,T'" and T"; a branch circuit extends from wire .18 to actuating coil v of thereversing switch R S, lower contact of interlock e, interlock t of line contact T to ground;-thereby throwing reversing switch R S and interlock e to the position indicated. The circuit now, instead of passing through the lowercontaet of (File;

interlock E passes through the upper 0011- tact of this interlock, actuating. coil of con tact T actuating. coil of contact T actuating coil of contact T3, to ground; thereby closin the line contacts T, T andT. It-is seen t at the line contactscannot beclosed until the reversing contacts have been properly operated; nor can the reversing contacts be operated unless the corresponding line contacts are open. The operation of the reversin ,switch and its interlocks will be more fu ly described hereinafter. In this same position of the master-controller a further circuit passes from contact h to contact h, contacts of cylinder H, to contact h, train wire 19, through the interlocks :0, x, m and as of cutsout switches XX", through the actuatin coil of contacts S, interlock p of paralle switch-P, actuating coil of contact S", interlock p of contact P actuatin coil of contact S, interlock p of contact to ground; thereby closing the series contacts. The motor circuit is now as follows: trolley T, wire 33, wire 34, contact T, cut-out switch X, throttle relay F, contact w of switch R S, armature of motor M, contact w, field of motor M, contact T, resistance R--R contact 8, resistance RR", contact T cut-out switch X, contact w of reversing switch R S, armature of motor M, contact w, field of motor M, contact S, cut-out switch X, contact w of re-. versing switch R S, armature of motor M contact. w field of motor M contact 'I, resistance R"-R", contact S, resistance R R, contact T contact T, cut-out switch X, contact 10, armature of motor M, contact 112, field of motor M, to ground. The motors are therefore connected in series with each other and with the resistances, as indicated in Fig. 2.

If the master controller is now turned from the first series to full series position, cylinder H is rotated so as to bring lts contacts along line 8 into engagement with the fixed contacts hh and during this time cylinder R will make a complete revolution. The circuits passin out of the cylinder H remain unchanged, but on the first osition of cylinder R an additional circuit is established from contact h through the fixed contacts of cylinder H, including contact 71, to contact h, contact 1 contacts of cylinder R, contact 1', train wire 24, actuating coil of contact 8, to ground. The motor circuit, instead of assing from contact S through resistance -R and to contact T, now passes from contact S through contact 8 and directly to contact T, thereby cutting out the entire block of resistance R R as indicated at Y inFig. 3.

In the next position of cylinder R, contact is broken at r and established at 1", current passing totrain wire 25, actuating coil of contact 16, actuatingcoil of contact 8 to ground.

Contact 16 is'therefore closed and contact 8 maintained closed: the motor circuit, instead of passing from contact S, through resistance R R and then to contact T now passing directly from contact S", through contact 16, to contact T, eliminating resistance sections R R, as indicated at Y in therefore maintained closed and by reason of.

the closing of contact 12 the motor circuit, instead of passing from contact T through resistance RR to contact S now passes from contact T through contact 12 and directly to contact S thereby eliminating resistances R'R from the motor circuit, as indicated at Y in Fig. 3. There now remain in the motor circuit only resistance sections RR, and these are cut out individually.v

- In the next position of cylinder R, (position r contacts 8, 12 and 16 are maintained closedand new circuits are established. Contact is made at -1",and current passes from contact h to contact r, contacts of cylinder R, contact r, to train wire 27, actuating coil of contact 1, actuating coils of contacts 5, 9 and 13, to ground. Resistance section R is thus cut out of the motor circuit as indicated at Y in Fig. 3. The closing of contacts 5, 9 and 13 produces no effect since the resistances which they control are already cut out.

In the next position of the cylinder, R, contact is made at r and current asses from this contact to train wire 28, t rough the actuating coil of contact 2, actuating coils of contacts 6, 10 and 14, to ground; cutting out resistance section R, as indicated at Y in Fig. 3,.and closing contacts 6, 10 and 14.

In the next position of cylinder R, con tact is broken at r and made at 1*", current passing from the latter contact to train wire 29, through the actuatingcoil of contact 3, actuating coils of contacts 7, 11 and 15, to ground thereby cutting out resistance section R as indicated at Y in Fig. 3.

In the final position of cylinder R, (namely r,) contact is made at r and current passes from this contact to train'wire 30, actuating coil of contact 4, actuating coils of contacts 12, 16 and 8, to ground; thereby cutting out the last resistance section R and leaving the motors connected in series with no extraneous,resistance in circuit therewith. It will be noted that contact h upon cylinder H is shortened so that contact at h is broken when cylinder R is iniits last position, but contacts 12 16 and 8 which were previously maintained closed by current passing through contact h are ,now maintained by current passing from contacts h r and r.

A movement of the master controller which carries cylinder H past osition s breaks all circuits and permits a contacts to open.

' tion 'sp and cylinderR position r, the reversingswitches and interlocks and live con- I tacts T T" will be operated as before; but

the second circuit, instead of passing through contact h, now includes contact h and'current flows as follows: from contact h to train line 20 wire 20 actuating coil of P interlock i of series contact S, actuating coilof P to ground' Current also passes from contact h to train wire 23, wire 23", actuating 'coil of contacts S interlock p of parallel contact P actuating coil of contact S interlock'p of parallel contact P to ground. The contacts now closed are line contacts T --T, parallel'contacts P andjP, and series contacts S and S The following motor circuits may now be traced: from trolley T to wire 33, wire 34, contact. T cut-out switch X throttle relay F, contact to of switch R S, armature of motor contact to of switch R S, field of motor M-M contact T, resistance Ti -R contact Siyresistance R contact T cut out switch X contact to of reversing switch R S, armature-of motor M contact 10 field of motor .L contact P, to

ground. At wire 33 the current divides, a

portion passing through the circuit just traced and the other portion flowing as follows: to contact P cut-out switch X contact 'w of reversing switch R S armature of 7 motor M contact to, field of motor M contact T, resistance R -R contacts S resistance 11 -11 contact T contact T, cut-out switch X contact w", armature of motor M, contact w field ofinotor M, to

I ground. The motors are therefore connected into two groups, each grou comprising two motors inseries and' in series with alf of the resistance, and, these two groups are connected in parallel between the trolley and ground. Upon the continued movement of the master controller so as to bring the cylinder H to position 8 p the final series-parallel osition, contacts 8 and 16 are closed as be ore and resistance sections R R and Il -R are cutout of their respective motor circuits as indicated at Y and Y Fig. 4. Contact 12 was the third resistance contact to be closed as the controller 'was moved from firstseries to full series position, the circuit therefor passing through the upper contacts of interlock i) associated with series contact Sh Contact S is open, however, during the series-parallel arrangement of the motors and therefore contact 12 is not now closed. Contacts 8 and 1.6 are maintained closed by means of a branch circuit passing from train wire 26 to a branch wire 26 through interlock p actuating coils of contacts 16 and 8, to ground. When cylinder R reaches the position 1* and passes on to its extreme position, r, contacts 1, 5, 9 and-13; 2,6, 10 and 14; 3, 7, 11 and 15; and 4, 1 2, 16 and 8 are closed as before; and resistance sections R and R; R and R R and R" and R andrR are cut out in pairs as indicated at Y Y, Y, Y, Y Y and Y, Y" in Fig. 4. At this point all the resistance has been eliminated from the motor circuits, and, in order to further accelerate the speed of the motors, it is necessary to connect all four motors inparallcl between the trolley and ground.

It is, noted that when the master controller reaches full series-parallel'position, namely when cylinder I-l engages with the fixed contacts hh along line 8 p, a'c'ontact it carried by said cylinder engages with fixed contact 'h. This establishes bridge connections about the resistances and about the series switches in the motor circuits in order that themotor circuits may not be interru ted in changing from series-parallel to aral e1. N o bridging arrangement-is shown or preventing the opening of the motor circuits during the transition from series to series-parallel, although such an arrangement might be employed. The motor speed is low at that time, however, and the breaking of the circuit is not of much consequence. When contactv h? engages with contact h, current passes to train wire 21, actuating coils ofcontact B and B actuating coil of P, interlock/i of series contact' s actuating coil of contact P to ground. If now the master controller is moved to its first parallel position, cylinder R will immediately break the circuits of the resistance contact coils, permitting the resistance contacts to open. At.the same time-contact will be broken at k and' contacts S and S will open. The closing of contacts B and B has formed shunts about these resistance and series contacts as indicated at Y and Y in Fig. 5, so that the open- 105 ing of the resistance and series contacts does a not interrupt the motor circuits. The contacts on controller cylinders H are so arranged that contacts h and it engage with contacts 7:? and h before contact h breaks connection with contact h. As soon as contacts I? and h come into play two circuits are formed; one from contact h to train wire 20, wire 20, actuating coil of contact P, lower contacts of interlock i of seriesswitch S actuating coil of contact 1?, 'to ground; the other from contact h, to train wire 22, wire 22*, actuating coil of contact P", interlock i of series contact S actuating coil of contact P actuatin'g coil of contact-P interlock i of series contact 8*, actuating coil of contact 1?, to ground. Thus all the parallel contacts are closed and immediately thereafter the circuit of the bridging contact is opened at contact k leaving the motors connected in multiple and each in series with a blocklof resistance as indicated in full lines in Fig. 6. There is no contacton cylinder H for enga ing with contacts hf. and h during the para lel position of the master controller and 130 therefore contacts r:'r of the resistance controller are not energized during this period. No resistance is cut out until the contacts along line '1 upon cylinder R enthe four motor circuits, until t e motors are connected in parallel with no resistance in clrcurt.

If at any time the motorcurrent rises.

above a predetermined safe maximum, throttle F is closed, completing the circuit of checking coil K and causing the controller to be locked until the current again falls within safe limits.

By this arrangement a great number of speed controlling steps are obtained by the use of a mimimum number of contacts and train wires, every resistance section comes into play during each arrangement of motor connections. Any number of motors and corresponding resistances may be employed and controlled in this manner, the resistance being cut out by groups until but one group remains in series with any motor or series of motors, and the several sections of the remaining group being then cut out section by section.

In case of failure of any motor, the corresponding cut-out switch may be opened, re-

moving that motor from circuit and permitting the operation of the remaining motors independently thereof. out switches X.X is o ened, the circuit a isbroken at the corresponding interlock xm, so that these contactors are not actuated during the series positions of the master controller and no motor connections are completed until the master controller is moved into its seriesparallel ositions. switch to have been opened, motors M and M alone are supplied with current and in the same manner as if all the motors were.

active: no current is as yet su plied to motor M since it would have to e connected in parallel with the series group of motors M and M producing anunsymmetrical arrangement. When, however, the master controller reaches its first parallel osition, motor M is cut in and motors M 3 and M are connected in parallel. In this way any motor may be cut out if desired because of a defect or for any other reason, and the re maining motors will be brought into Splay without unbalancing the s. stem. 1

larly two or three motors may e cut out and, the car operated with the remaining motors or motor.

It is evident that if the master reversing switch D is moved so that its movable contact d engages with the fixed contacts d,

If one of the cut-i Then, assuming cut-out electromagnets 0 and '0 will be actuated, giving reverse motor connections; the remain er of the control system operating as before. 1

In Figs. 7, 8 and 9 I have illustrated my improved reversin switch, shown diagrammatically inF 1g. 1. Within a suitable rame 35 are arranged the ma nets v and v and on opposite sidesthereo are arranged the contacts for connecting the motors for forward and reverse rotation, respectively. Each set of contacts comprises eight fixed contacts36 and four movable contacts 37. The contacts 37 are arran ed in airs as shown, being supported on locks o insulation 38 carried y arms 39. The arms 39 are pivoted to the frame 35 at 41, 41, so that the contacts of each set are symmetrically arranged. When otherwise free, the arms 39 are acted upon by gravity to carry the movable contacts 37 away from the fixed contacts 36. A toggle 42 connects each pair of arms, the to gles being in turn connected by means of lin 43, 43 to levers 44, 44 controlled by magnets 12 and v The levers 44, 44 are pivotally mounted u on the frame 35 at 45, 45 and are operative y related to the cores of the electromagnets whereby, u on the ener ization of one magnet or the ot er, one of the toggles is actuated to cause the engagement of the corresponding fixed and movable. contacts 36 and 37. Pivotally supported between the electromagnets v and v is a lever 51v which extends transversely of the levers 44, 44 and en ages under hooks or shoulders 53, 53 upon t ese levers. Consequently, when either electromagnet is energized, drawing with it the corresponding ever '44, the lever 51 is actuated to positively throw the other lever 44 upward and so insure the o ening of one set of contacts when the ot er .set is closed. This construction furnishes in a simple and compact form a very efiicient reversing switch and one in which contact is effectively made and broken. Arranged at right angles to the planes in which the arms 39 swin are the contacts constituting the interloc s e and a. Each of these interlocks comprises fixed contacts 46 and 47 and a movable con-- tact consisting of two spring arms 48 and 49. These auxiliary contacts are located adj acent the ends of the lever 51 and areconnected thereto by means of yokes of insulating material 52 which surround the spring arms 48 and 49. As the lever 51 is actuated, the spring arm 48 is moved into en agement with its cooperating contact 46 whi e engagement at contact 47 is broken; at the same time the while the spring arms of interlock e are lowered. In Fig. 1 the auxiliary contacts are illustrated as connected directly to correrising and the movable member of inter- The auxiliary contacts look e descending. 4649 are arranged in chutes 54 composed of insulating material. Blow-out coils '55, arranged adjacent the contacts, force the arcs which are formed upon breaking contact at 46 or 47 outwardly through the chutes.

It is apparent that by employing independent sets of contacts and closing them by means of toggles, the closure may be effected quickly and with electromagnets only power ful enough to give the requisite pressure upon the closed contacts; Furthermore the main contacts may be made massive, so as to safely carry heavy currents, without materially increasing the size oi" the switch as a whole.

While I have described my present invention as embodied in the-best form known to me, the invention is not limited to such particular form since in its broader aspects, it may be embodied in various other forms.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,

1. In a system of motor control, in combination, a plurality of motors, a lurality of.

groups of resistance sections, an means for grouping said motors in different relations to each other with all resistance in-circuit therewith and for cutting out by groups all except one group of resistance sections in series with any motor or group of motors and for cutting out the last group, section by section.

2. In a system of motor control, in combi- 1 nation, a plurality of motors, a l'urality of groups of resistance sections, an means for grouplng the motors 1n dlfierent relatlons' to each other and to said groups of resistance sections and for cutting out by groups all except one of the groups of resistance sections in circuit with any motor or group ofmotors and then cutting out the last group, section by section.

= 3. In asystem, of motorcontrol, in combi nation, a plurality of motors, a plurality of groups of resistance sections, and a motorcontroller arranged to group said motors in various relations to each other with all resistance in circuit and to successively cut out by groups all except one of the-groups of resistance sections in circuit with an motor or group of motors and to cut out the ast group,

section by section.

4. In a system of motor control, in combis72,9ss'

nation a plurality of motors, an equal num-' ber ofgroups of resistance sections, and a motor-controller arranged to 'rou the mo= tors in various relations to eac 1 ot er and to distribute the groups of resistance sections symmetrically dur ng the various motor groupings, to cut out b groups all except the last of the groups 0 resistance sections in circuit withfany motor or group of motors and to cut out said last group of resistance sections step by step.

5. In a system of motor control, in combination, a plurality of motors adapted tobe grouped in various relations to each other, groups of resistance sections one greater nu+ merioally than the number of motor groupings, and a motor-controller arranged to roduce the various motor groupings with al resistance'in circuit with the motors, to cut out all except the last group of resistance sections in series with any motor or group of motors, and to cut out said last group, secnation, a plurality of motors, a plurality of groups of resistance sections, a motor controller arranged to connect saidmotors in series, in series-parallel and in parallel with all resistance in circuit in each motor group ing, and to cut out all except one group of resistance sections in serieswith any motor or group of motors by groups and the one group, section by section. I

8. In a system of motor control, in combi nation, a plurality of motors ada ted to be connected in series, in series-para lel and in parallel, four roups of resistance sections, a motor-controlIer arranged" to form the several motor connections with all resistance in circuit and to cut out all except one group of resistance sections in series with any motor one 'group's'ection by section, and means for operating the motor-controller. .9. In a system of motor control, a plurality ofmotors, a seriesarallel motor-control- .ler, a cut-out switch or one of said motors,

and means controlled by said cut-out switch for preventing the closing of the contacts adapted to connect the several motors in SGIl6S v 10. In a system-of motor'control, a plural- 'or group f-motors group by group and said i ity of motors, a motor-controller arranged to connect said motors in series, in series-parallel and'in parallel, cut-out switches 'for moing through said auxiliary contacts.

active motors are in parallel.

11. In a system of motor control, a plurality of motor groups, a motor-controller arrange to connect said motors and motor groups in different relation to each, other, and

a cut-out switch for each of said motors, the arrangement of parts being such that the openin of one of said cut-out switches prevents t e completion of acircuit through the remainder of the group of motors with which the cut-out switch is associated except to connect it symmetrically with the other m0- tors or group of motors.

12. In a system of motor control, a plurality of motors, a motor-controller of the separatelyactuated contact type, a cutout switch for one of said motors, and means controlled by said cut-out switch for rendering a portion of said motor-controller inoperative.

13. In a system of motor control, a plurality of motors, a motor-controller of the separately-actuated contact type, control circuits, cut-out switches for said motors, and means controlled by said cut-out switches for interrupting a portion of the control circuits when one of the cut-out switches is open.

14. In a system of motor control, a plurality of motors, a motor-controller, cut-out switches for said motors, auxiliary contacts operated by said cut-out switches, and an actuating circuit for said motor-controller pass-' 15. In an electromagneticallyactuated switch, two sets of contacts disposed on opposite sides of the switch-actuatin member,- circuit closing members adapte to abut against the contacts of the two sets, a toggle lever. mechanism for actuating said circuit- I closing members, and an electromagnet for operating said mechanism.

16. In areversing-switch, two sets of-main contacts, independent closing means for each set of contacts, a lever cooperating with said closing means to positively open oneset of contacts when the other set is closed, and auxiliary contacts controlled by said lever.

17. In a reversing-switch, two sets of main contacts, a lever operatively associated with each set of contacts for closin it, an electromagnet operatively associate witheach le ver, a third lever cooperating with said contact closing levers for ositively opening one' set of contacts when t e otherset is closed, and auxiliarycontacts actuated by said third lever.

with two sets of contacts each of which sets comprises fixed contacts and movable contacts disposed between the fixed contacts and connected together by a tog le, an electromagnet operatively associate with each of said toggles for actuating the toggle to close the contacts, and means for causing one of said toggles to open one set of contacts when the other set closes.

19. In a reversing-switch, in combination with two sets of contacts each of which sets comprises fixed contacts and movable contacts disposed between the fixed contacts, of a toggle operatively associated with each of said sets of contacts, independent actuating means for actuating said toggles to close the contacts, and an operative connection between said actuating means for positively openin one set of contacts when the other set is c osed.

20. In a reversing-switch, in combination with two sets of contacts each of which com- .prises fixed contacts and movable contacts disposed between said fixed contacts, of a tog le connected to the movable contacts of eac set, two electromagnets, connection between said toggles and said electrOmagnets whereby the tog les are operated to close said contacts, a ever associated with the closin means of the contacts for causing one set of contacts to open when the other set is closed, and auxiliary contacts actuated by said lever.

21. The combination with a plurality of electric motors and an auxiliary control system which is governed by a master controller to regulate the connections thereof and the amount of resistance inserted in circuit therewith, of means for so modifying said auxiliary control system that one or more of said motors may be excluded from said circuit and the remaining motor or motors be properly controlled by normaloperation of the said master controller.

22. The combination with a plurality of electric motors, resistances therefor and an auxiliary control system which is governed by a master controller to regulate the connections thereof and the amount of resistance inserted in circuit therewith, of means for modifying said system to open-circuit one or more motors without interfering with. the operation of the remaining motor or motors by said master controller in the normal manner.

t 23. The combination with a vehicle equipment comprising a control system overned by a master controller, a plurality 0 electric motors and resistances therefor, of means for modifying said system to open-c1rcu1t one or moremotors WlthOllt interfering with the operation of the remaining motor or motors by said master controller in the normal- I manner. 18. In a reversing-switch, in combination 24. The combination with two electric motors and an auxiliary control system which is governed by a master controller to successively connect both motors in series with a predetermined resistance, gradually. decrease said resistance, connect said motors in parallel, with a predetermined resistance 1n serles with each motor, and gradually and slmultaneously decrease said resistance, of

means for so modifying said control systemthat the normal operation of said master controller may successively connect one of said motors in circuit with a predetermined resistance and gradually decrease said resist- 'of closure of the switches may be changed in order to remove one or more of the translating devices from the circuit without interfering with the adjustment of the circuits of the remaining devices. I

26. The combination with, a plurality of electrical translating devices, a plurality of switches for adjusting the circuits thereof and electrically actuated means for controlling operation of the switches, of means for interrupting the circuits of certain of the switch controlling means whereby one or more of the motors may be removed from the circuit without interfering with the adjustment of the circuits of the remaining devices.

27. The combination with a plurality of electrical translating devices and a plurality of electrically controlled switches for adjusting the circuits thereof, of means'for arranging and controlling circuits for the switches to cause them to 0 erate in a predetermined order, and means or rearran lngthe switch controlling circuits to cause t em to operate in other predetermined orders" and thereby exclude one or more of the translating devices from the circuit.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 27th day of October, 1904.

GEORGE HILL.

Witnesses; BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFORD.

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