US869896A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 869,896. PATENTED NGV. 5, 1907. R. H. GOLDSBOROUGH.

TURBINB.

APPLIUATION FILED MAB.11.1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l. 65 2" J la y fam/(.7 A anomu PATENTED OV. 5, 1907.

R. H. GOLDSBOROUGH. TURBINE.

m n -hl u R. H. GOLDSBOROUGH.

TURBINE.

APPLIoATIoN Hmm MAB.11.190'1.

PATBNTED NOV. 5, 1907.

5 SHEETS-I-SHBBT 3.

` PATENTBD NOV, 5, 1907.

R. H. GOLDSBOROUGH.

TURBINE.

APPLzoATIoN FILED MAB. 1x. 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Straws,

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RICHARD H. GOLDSBOROUGH, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

TURB INE Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 5, 1907.

Application sied March 11. 1907. serial No. 361,738.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RICHARD H. GoLnsBonoUGH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, District oi Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a speciieation.

My invention relates to improvements in turbines and it 'consists in the constructions, combinations and arrangements herein described and claimed.

An object of my invention is to provide a compact form of compound turbine adapted to efficiently utilize a high degree of expansion in the actuating medium.

A further object of myinvention is to provide a compound turbine, in which heat can be imparted in an ecient manner to the actuating medium during its flow through the successive stages, for augmenting the power of the turbine to accommodate great and sudden increases in its load.

A further object of my invention is to provide a compound type of turbine, constructed to operate with a substantially constant efficiency through large variations in the relation of the rotor speed to the velocity of the actuating medium.

. A further obj ect of my invention is to provide a cornpound type of turbines Wh ich can be started under load v from a position of rest, without the necessity of extraneous turning of the rotor, and which will operate eiiiciently at constant rotor speed under throttle control of the actuating medium.

A further object of my invention is to provide an iinproved form of compound turbine, in which clearance leakage will be minimized, and any tendency to such leakage will be automatically checked.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this application, and in which similar reference symbols indicate corresponding parts in the several views: Figure 1 is a vertical axial sectional view, on the line l-l, of Fig. 2, illustrating one embodiment of my invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 2 2, of Fig. l, clearly showing the arrangement of the admission ports and the superheating means; Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3 3, of Fig. l, showing the arrangement of the exhaust ports. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of the port ring, with the two sections of said ring properly assembled; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one section of the port ring, clearly showing the exhaust ports therein; Fig. G is a detail sectional view on the line 6 6, of Fig. 2 Fig. 7 is a development of the outer periphery of the port ring; and Fig. 8 is a similar development of the inner periphery of the port ring.

Referring to the drawings, l indicates a turbine shaft suitably journaled in the casing heads 2, which latter are secured by bolts 3 to internal annular flanges 4 on a cylindrical member 5 of the turbine casing. A central partition 6 is secured tothe member 5 by bolts 7, to provide two independent steam chests 8 between said partition and the annular flanges 4 of said member; said partition preferably extending around the member 5 to the point of final exhaust from the turbine casing, as' shown especially in Fig. 3. A cylindrical division plate 9, closely fitting the inner peripheries of the annular fianges 4 and partition 6, is provided with apertures 10 for establishing communication between the steam chests 8 and the initial admission ports of the turbine, an opening 11 being provided in said cylindrical division plate for permitting escape of the final exhaust from the turbine casing. Two similar port ring sections 12 A are provided on their adjacent faces with series of coperating'recesses, constituting exhaust ports, and on their outer sides with series of recesses constituting admission ports. A series of recesses 15 to 21, extending across the outer peripheries of the port ring sections, constitute chambers which connect the outer ends of the exhaust ports and admission ports together in groups.

The admission ports are arranged in series of successive groups 23 to 30, and the exhaust ports are arranged in a corresponding series of successive groups 31 to 38. lThe ports of said successive groups are shown having a uniform axial dimension, and a progressively increased peripheral dimension for accommodatingthe expansion of the actuating medium during its flow therethrough. Since the exhaust ports are common to the two lateral series of admission ports, they are given a suicient axial dimension to accommodate the exact form of both of said admission sets. The inner ends of both the series of admission ports and exhaust ports are arranged to extend continuously about a portion of the periphery of the rotor; the exhaust port series extending from the rear Wall of the admission port 23 to a point 39 at a considerable angular advance to the forward wall of the final admission port 30. This relative position of the continuous series of admission and exhaust ports, together with the connection and grouping of the ports, provides an improved construction, capable of operating with a substantially constant efficiency through large variations in the relation of the 'rotor speed to the velocity of the actuating medium, and in which the rotor can be started under load from a position of rest. This provides a very satisfactory construction, which will operate at high efliciency under throttle-control of the actuating medium, thereby eliminating the defects and mechanical difliculties encountered in the use of internal valves.

A closure ring -22 is positioned at the admission-port side of each port ring section, for closing the open sides of the recesses constituting the admission ports. The port ring sections and closure rings closely engage the inner periphery ot the cylindrical division plate 9, and are securely clamped together by the heads 2 oi the turbine casing; suitable packing means, such as copper gaskets, may be employed l'or insuring a steam joint between the several parts.

As shown especially in Fig. 2, each steam chrst 8 is divided intova series ol connnunicating ehanibers by a series of partitions 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, (5 and 47; said partitions being provided with apertures 48. A valve 49, controlling the aperture in the first paitition 40, is shown threaded in the casing and provided with a hand wheel 50 for actuating said valve to open and close the aperture for admitting or cutting ot't` the supply of steam from the initial steam chambers through the communicating series ol chambers.

The communicating chambers are preferably formed of progressively increased volume and arranged to subtend the several groups ot' admission ports. This provides a simple and very ellicient means for superheating the actuating steam of the turbine during its flow through the successive groups ol admission ports; the pressure and temperature o the superheating steam being gradually reduced during its flow through the successive chambers ot' the communicating series, thus insuring an approximately uniform relation between the temperatures oi the superheating steam and moto1'ac tuating steam at all of the several stages of the turbine.

The rotor vanes are shown ol' substantially W-shaped form, to provide two inlet legs 51 and a common central exhaust leg 52, which latter is connected to the inlet legs by curved portions 53 of somewhat greater width than that of said legs.

The annular series of turbine vanes is clamped -between inner annular' members 54, 55 and 56 seated on the periphery of a drum member 59, and outer annular members 57 and 58; the member 55 being formed in segments for convenience in assembling the parts. The inner annularmembers are securely clamped together between the rotor disks 6() by means of a series ot' bolts 61a, which constitute a common means for securely locking together said annular members, drum and rotor disks.

Packing members 61 are secured to any suitable part ofthe stator, as to the rings 22, and provided with faces leaking through the peripheral clearance of the rotor will be entrapped in the annular chambers 63, and

thel'eby engender a pressure in said chambers tending to oppose further leakage.

In the operation of my invention, the steam,` or other actuating medium, is conducted by the main supply pipes 65 to the initial steam'chests, from which it is directed by the initial admission ports 23 at an etlicient angle against the legs 51 of the rotor vanos. The steam thus directed through the legs 5l is' deflected by the curved portions 53 of the vanes, which latter are shaped to direct the steam in an eilicient direction against the common exhaust legs 52 of the vanes. The increased width and shape of the curved vane portions 1 i l i i i 53 produces a slight regeneration of pressure in the steam flowing therethrough thereby increasing the et'i'ective action of the steam on the admission and exhaust legs and minimizing the friction of the steam during its deflection. The steam is discharged from the outer edges of the exhaust legs 52 into the recess I5, which extends across the outer peripheries of the port rings and conducts the steam laterally in both directions to the next two sets of admission ports 24. The steam is directed by the admission ports 24 through the admission legs 51 of the vanes, from which it is dischargedirom the outer edges of the exhaust legs 52 of the vanes into the second peripheral recess 16 in the port rings. The recess 16 is formed to divide the steam and conduct it to the next two sets of admission ports 25; and the above steps are repeated until the steam is discharged through the final set 38 of exhaust ports, from which it is conducted by a conduit (i6 to the atmosphere, or to a condenser.

As shown especially in Figs. 1 and 3, a delector 67 is secured to the cylindrical division plate 9 in position to extend within each of the recesses in the peripheries of the port rings for splitting the stream of steam discharged therein and deflecting such steam with a minimum of frictional and eddy-current losses.

I have illustrated and described a preferred and satisfactory construction, but, obviously, changes could be made Within the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein and desire to secure byLtters Patent is:

1. In a compound turbine, the combination of a rotor, an annular series of rotor vanes provided with admission and exhaust edges extending to the periphery of said rotor, a continuous zone of admission ports extending along said admission edges, and a continuous zone of exhaust ports extending along said exhaust edges throughout the angle subtended by said zone of admission ports and extending beyond the final admission ports of said zone, substantially as described.

2. In a compound turbine. the combination of a rotor, an annular series of rotor vanes provided with admission and exhaust edges extending to the periphery of said rotor, a continuous zone of admission ports extending along said admission edges. and a continuous zone of exhaust ports extendingr along said exhaust edges, said zone of exhaust ports extending from the angular position of the initial admission port to a point beyond the final port of said zone of admission ports, substantially as described.

It. In a compound turbine` the combination of a rotor, an annular series of rotor Yanes provided with two lateral admission portions and a common central exhaust portion, menus for initially directing an-actuating medium through said two admission portions of the vanes, and means for repeatedly directing;r the discharge of such medium from the central exhaust portion again to the two lateral admission portions of the vanes. substantially as described.

Jr. In u compound turbine, the combination of a rotor, an annular' series ot' rotor vanes provided with two lateral admission portions, and a common central exhaust portion, means for initially directing an actuating medium through said two admission portions of the vanes, and means for dividingr the discharge of such medium from the exhaust portion of the vanes and directing it again to the two lateral admission portions thereof, substantially as described.

5, In a compound turbine, the combination of a rotor, an

, annular series of rotor vanes provided with two lateral admission portions and a common central exhaust portion,

means for initially directing an actuating medium through said two admission portions of the vanes, means for repeatedly directing the discharge of such medium from the centralexhaust portion again to the two lateral admission portions of the Yanes, and means for heating such discharge prior to its several admissions to the Yanes, substantially as described.

6. In a compound turbine, the combination of a rotor, an annular series of rotor ranes provided with two lateral ad mission portions and a common central exhaust portion, series of admission ports and exhaust ports extending, respectively, along said admission and exhaust portions of the valles, means for supplying an actuating medium to the initial ports of such admission series. and means for conducting the discharge from the exhaust portions ot the vanes to the next succeeding ports of said admission series, substantially as described.

7. In a compound turbine, the combination of a stator, a rotor supported in said stator to provide a suitable clearance space between said parts, packing members carried by said stator and extending across the endsof said clearance` space, and packings carried by said members in engage ment with said rotor at a distance from said clearance space, substantially as described.

S. In a compound turbine, the combination of a stator, a rotor supported in said stator to provide a suitable clearance space between said parts, packing members carried by said stator, and extending past said clearance space and along a portion of said rotor at a distance from the latter, and packing means carried by said members in engagement with said stator for providing between said rotor and members inclosed chambers in communication with said clearance space, substantially as described.

In 'testimony whereof I atix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' RICHARD H. GOLDSBOROUGH.

Witnesses G. AYRns, II. A, ROBINETTE.

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