US8677753B2 - System for supplying a working fluid to a combustor - Google Patents

System for supplying a working fluid to a combustor Download PDF

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Publication number
US8677753B2
US8677753B2 US13/466,184 US201213466184A US8677753B2 US 8677753 B2 US8677753 B2 US 8677753B2 US 201213466184 A US201213466184 A US 201213466184A US 8677753 B2 US8677753 B2 US 8677753B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
flow sleeve
combustion chamber
distribution manifold
fuel injectors
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US13/466,184
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English (en)
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US20130298560A1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Benedict MELTON
John Charles Intile
Lucas John Stoia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US13/466,184 priority Critical patent/US8677753B2/en
Assigned to GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY reassignment GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MELTON, PATRICK BENEDICT, STOIA, LUCAS JOHN, INTILE, JOHN CHARLES
Priority to RU2013119492/06A priority patent/RU2013119492A/ru
Priority to JP2013096689A priority patent/JP6161949B2/ja
Priority to EP13166361.9A priority patent/EP2662624B1/fr
Priority to CN201310166275.8A priority patent/CN103388837B/zh
Publication of US20130298560A1 publication Critical patent/US20130298560A1/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F23R3/346—Feeding into different combustion zones for staged combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/03341—Sequential combustion chambers or burners

Definitions

  • the present invention generally involves a system and method for supplying a working fluid to a combustor.
  • Combustors are commonly used in industrial and power generation operations to ignite fuel to produce combustion gases having a high temperature and pressure.
  • gas turbines typically include one or more combustors to generate power or thrust.
  • a typical gas turbine used to generate electrical power includes an axial compressor at the front, one or more combustors around the middle, and a turbine at the rear.
  • Ambient air may be supplied to the compressor, and rotating blades and stationary vanes in the compressor progressively impart kinetic energy to the working fluid (air) to produce a compressed working fluid at a highly energized state.
  • the compressed working fluid exits the compressor and flows through one or more fuel nozzles into a combustion chamber in each combustor where the compressed working fluid mixes with fuel and ignites to generate combustion gases having a high temperature and pressure.
  • the combustion gases expand in the turbine to produce work. For example, expansion of the combustion gases in the turbine may rotate a shaft connected to a generator to produce electricity.
  • combustion gas temperatures generally improve the thermodynamic efficiency of the combustor.
  • higher combustion gas temperatures also promote flame holding conditions in which the combustion flame migrates toward the fuel being supplied by the fuel nozzles, possibly causing accelerated wear to the fuel nozzles in a relatively short amount of time.
  • higher combustion gas temperatures generally increase the disassociation rate of diatomic nitrogen, increasing the production of nitrogen oxides (NO X ).
  • a lower combustion gas temperature associated with reduced fuel flow and/or part load operation (turndown) generally reduces the chemical reaction rates of the combustion gases, increasing the production of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons.
  • one or more fuel injectors also known as late lean injectors, may be circumferentially arranged around the combustion chamber downstream from the fuel nozzles. A portion of the compressed working fluid exiting the compressor may flow through the fuel injectors to mix with fuel to produce a lean fuel-air mixture. The lean fuel-air mixture may then be injected into the combustion chamber for additional combustion to raise the combustion gas temperature and increase the thermodynamic efficiency of the combustor.
  • the late lean injectors are effective at increasing combustion gas temperatures without producing a corresponding increase in the production of NO X .
  • the pressure and flow of the compressed working fluid exiting the compressor may vary substantially around the circumference of the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel-air ratio flowing through the late lean injectors can vary considerably, mitigating the beneficial effects otherwise created by the late lean injection of fuel into the combustion chamber.
  • the compressed working fluid exiting the compressor is often directed or channeled around the outside of the combustion chamber to convectively remove heat from the combustion chamber before flowing through the fuel nozzles.
  • the portion of the compressed working fluid diverted through the late lean injectors may reduce the amount of cooling provided to the outside of the combustion chamber. Therefore, an improved system and method for more evenly supplying the compressed working fluid to the combustor through the late lean injectors without reducing the cooling provided to the combustion chamber would be useful.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a system for supplying a working fluid to a combustor that includes a fuel nozzle, a combustion chamber downstream from the fuel nozzle, and a flow sleeve that circumferentially surrounds the combustion chamber.
  • a plurality of fuel injectors are circumferentially arranged around the flow sleeve to provide fluid communication through the flow sleeve to the combustion chamber.
  • a distribution manifold circumferentially surrounds the plurality of fuel injectors, and a fluid passage through the flow sleeve and into the distribution manifold provides fluid communication through the flow sleeve to the plurality of fuel injectors.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a system for supplying a working fluid to a combustor that includes a combustion chamber, a liner that circumferentially surrounds the combustion chamber, and a flow sleeve that circumferentially surrounds the liner.
  • a distribution manifold circumferentially surrounds the flow sleeve, and a plurality of fuel injectors circumferentially arranged around the flow sleeve provide fluid communication through the flow sleeve and the liner to the combustion chamber.
  • a fluid passage through the flow sleeve provides fluid communication through the flow sleeve to the plurality of fuel injectors.
  • the present invention may also include a system for supplying a working fluid to a combustor that includes a fuel nozzle, a combustion chamber downstream from the fuel nozzle, and a liner that circumferentially surrounds the combustion chamber.
  • a first annular passage circumferentially surrounds the liner, and a second annular passage circumferentially surrounds the first annular passage.
  • a fluid passage is between the first annular passage and the second annular passage.
  • a plurality of fuel injectors circumferentially arranged around the liner provide fluid communication from the second annular passage, through the liner, and into the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified side cross-section view of a system according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified side cross-section view of a portion of the combustor shown in FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified side cross-section view of a portion of the combustor shown in FIG. 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified side cross-section view of a portion of the combustor shown in FIG. 1 according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified side cross-section view of a portion of the combustor shown in FIG. 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an axial cross-section view of the combustor shown in FIG. 5 taken along line A-A according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an axial cross-section view of the combustor shown in FIG. 5 taken along line A-A according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
  • Various embodiments of the present invention include a system and method for supplying a working fluid to a combustor.
  • the system includes multiple late lean injectors that circumferentially surround a combustion chamber.
  • the system diverts or flows a portion of the working fluid along the outside of the combustion chamber and through a distribution manifold that circumferentially surrounds the late lean injectors to reduce variations in the pressure and/or flow rate of the working fluid reaching the late lean injectors.
  • One or more baffles may be included inside the distribution manifold to further distribute and equalize the pressure and/or flow rate of the working fluid circumferentially around the combustion chamber.
  • the system reduces variations in the pressure and/or flow rate of the working fluid flowing through each late lean injector to produce a more uniform fuel-air mixture injected into the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 1 provides a simplified cross-section view of a system 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system 10 may be incorporated into a gas turbine 12 having a compressor 14 at the front, one or more combustors 16 radially disposed around the middle, and a turbine 18 at the rear.
  • the compressor 14 and the turbine 18 typically share a common rotor 20 connected to a generator 22 to produce electricity.
  • the compressor 14 may be an axial flow compressor in which a working fluid 24 , such as ambient air, enters the compressor 14 and passes through alternating stages of stationary vanes 26 and rotating blades 28 .
  • a compressor casing 30 contains the working fluid 24 as the stationary vanes 26 and rotating blades 28 accelerate and redirect the working fluid 24 to produce a continuous flow of compressed working fluid 24 .
  • the majority of the compressed working fluid 24 flows through a compressor discharge plenum 32 to the combustor 16 .
  • the combustor 16 may be any type of combustor known in the art.
  • a combustor casing 34 may circumferentially surround some or all of the combustor 16 to contain the compressed working fluid 24 flowing from the compressor 14 .
  • One or more fuel nozzles 36 may be radially arranged in an end cover 38 to supply fuel to a combustion chamber 40 downstream from the fuel nozzles 36 .
  • Possible fuels include, for example, one or more of blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, natural gas, vaporized liquefied natural gas (LNG), hydrogen, and propane.
  • the compressed working fluid 24 may flow from the compressor discharge plenum 32 along the outside of the combustion chamber 40 before reaching the end cover 38 and reversing direction to flow through the fuel nozzles 36 to mix with the fuel.
  • the mixture of fuel and compressed working fluid 24 flows into the combustion chamber 40 where it ignites to generate combustion gases having a high temperature and pressure.
  • the combustion gases flow through a transition piece 42 to the turbine 18 .
  • the turbine 18 may include alternating stages of stators 44 and rotating buckets 46 .
  • the first stage of stators 44 redirects and focuses the combustion gases onto the first stage of buckets 46 .
  • the combustion gases expand, causing the buckets 46 and rotor 20 to rotate.
  • the combustion gases then flow to the next stage of stators 44 which redirects the combustion gases to the next stage of rotating buckets 46 , and the process repeats for the following stages.
  • FIG. 2 provides a simplified side cross-section view of a portion of the combustor 16 shown in FIG. 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the combustor 16 may include a liner 48 that circumferentially surrounds at least a portion of the combustion chamber 40 , and a flow sleeve 50 may circumferentially surround the liner 48 to define a first annular passage 52 that surrounds the liner 48 .
  • the compressed working fluid 24 from the compressor discharge plenum 32 may flow through the first annular passage 52 along the outside of the liner 48 to provide convective cooling to the liner 48 before reversing direction to flow through the fuel nozzles 36 (shown in FIG. 1 ) and into the combustion chamber 40 .
  • the combustor 16 may further include a plurality of fuel injectors 60 circumferentially arranged around the combustion chamber 40 , liner 48 , and flow sleeve 50 downstream from the fuel nozzles 36 .
  • the fuel injectors 60 provide fluid communication through the liner 48 and the flow sleeve 50 and into the combustion chamber 40 .
  • the fuel injectors 60 may receive the same or a different fuel than supplied to the fuel nozzles 36 and mix the fuel with a portion of the compressed working fluid 24 before or while injecting the mixture into the combustion chamber 40 . In this manner, the fuel injectors 60 may supply a lean mixture of fuel and compressed working fluid 24 for additional combustion to raise the temperature, and thus the efficiency, of the combustor 16 .
  • a distribution manifold 62 circumferentially surrounds the fuel injectors 60 to shield the fuel injectors 60 from direct impingement by the compressed working fluid 24 flowing out of the compressor 14 .
  • the distribution manifold 62 may be press fit or otherwise connected to the combustor casing 34 and/or around a circumference of the flow sleeve 50 to provide a substantially enclosed volume or second annular passage 64 between the distribution manifold 62 and the flow sleeve 50 .
  • the distribution manifold 62 may extend axially along a portion or the entire length of the flow sleeve 50 . In the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , for example, the distribution manifold 62 extends axially along the entire length of the flow sleeve 50 so that the distribution manifold 62 is substantially coextensive with the flow sleeve 50 .
  • One or more fluid passages 66 through the flow sleeve 50 may provide fluid communication through the flow sleeve 50 to the second annular passage 64 between the distribution manifold 62 and the flow sleeve 50 .
  • a portion of the compressed working fluid 24 may thus be diverted or flow through the fluid passages 66 and into the second annular passage 64 .
  • variations in the pressure and/or flow rate of the working fluid 24 reaching the fuel injectors 60 are reduced to produce a more uniform fuel-air mixture injected into the combustion chamber 40 .
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 provide simplified side cross-section views of a portion of the combustor 16 shown in FIG. 1 according to alternate embodiments of the present invention.
  • the combustor 16 again includes the liner 48 , flow sleeve 50 , first annular passage 52 , fuel injectors 60 , distribution manifold 62 , second annular passage 64 , and fluid passages 66 as previously described with respect to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a plurality of bolts 70 are used to connect one end of the distribution manifold 62 to the combustor casing 34 .
  • the distribution manifold 62 includes a radial projection 72 proximate to and axially aligned with the fuel injectors 60 .
  • the radial projection 72 may be integral with the distribution manifold 62 , as shown in FIG. 3 , or may be a separate sleeve, collar, or similar device connected to the distribution manifold 62 and/or flow sleeve 50 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the radial projection 72 may circumferentially surround the flow sleeve 50 , as shown in FIG. 3 , or may exist coincidental with the fuel injectors 60 , as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the radial projection 72 functionally provides additional clearance between the distribution manifold 62 and the fuel injectors 60 .
  • This clearance may operatively reduce variations in the pressure and/or flow rate of the compressed working fluid 24 reaching the fuel injectors 60 which may yield a more uniform fuel-air mixture that is injected into the combustion chamber 40 .
  • FIG. 5 provides a simplified side cross-section view of a portion of the combustor 16 shown in FIG. 1 according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
  • the distribution manifold 62 again circumferentially surrounds the flow sleeve 50 and/or fuel injectors 60 to shield the fuel injectors 60 from direct impingement by the compressed working fluid 24 flowing out of the compressor 14 .
  • the fluid passages 66 through the flow sleeve 50 again allow a portion of the compressed working fluid 24 to flow through the first annular passage 52 , through the flow sleeve 50 , and inside the second annular passage 64 before reaching the fuel injectors 60 .
  • the distribution manifold 62 covers only a fraction of the flow sleeve 50 .
  • the distribution manifold 62 may extend axially less than approximately 75%, 50%, or 25% of an axial length of the flow sleeve 50 .
  • one or more baffles 80 extend radially between the flow sleeve 50 and the distribution manifold 62 .
  • the baffles 80 may connect to the flow sleeve 50 and/or the distribution manifold 62 , may extend circumferentially around some or all of the flow sleeve 50 , and/or may include passages or holes to enhance distribution of the compressed working fluid 24 around the flow sleeve 50 .
  • the baffles 80 may reduce variations in the pressure and/or flow rate of the compressed working fluid 24 reaching the fuel injectors 60 to produce a more uniform fuel-air mixture injected into the combustion chamber 40 .
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 provide axial cross-section views of the combustor 16 shown in FIG. 5 taken along line A-A according to various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the fluid passages 66 may be evenly spaced around the flow sleeve 50 and/or staggered circumferentially with respect to the fuel injectors 60 .
  • the even spacing of the fluid passages 66 may be useful in applications in which the pressure and/or flow of the compressed working fluid 24 does not vary excessively around the circumference of the flow sleeve 50 and/or the baffles 80 adequately distribute the compressed working fluid 24 inside the second annular passage 64 to sufficiently reduce any variations in the pressure and/or flow rate of the compressed working fluid 24 reaching the fuel injectors 60 .
  • the fluid passages 66 may be spaced at different intervals circumferentially around the flow sleeve 50 .
  • the uneven spacing between the fluid passages 66 may be useful in applications in which the static pressure of the compressed working fluid 24 varies excessively around the circumference of the flow sleeve 50 and/or the baffles 80 do not adequately distribute the compressed working fluid 24 inside the second annular passage 64 to sufficiently reduce any variations in the pressure and/or flow rate of the compressed working fluid 24 reaching the fuel injectors 60 .
  • the system 10 shown and described with respect to FIGS. 1-7 may also provide a method for supplying the working fluid 24 to the combustor 16 .
  • the method may include flowing the working fluid 24 from the compressor 14 through the first annular passage 52 that circumferentially surrounds the combustion chamber 40 and liner 48 .
  • the method may further include diverting a portion of the working fluid 24 through the fluid passages 66 in the flow sleeve 50 , into the second annular passage 64 between the flow sleeve 50 and the distribution manifold 62 , and through fuel injectors 60 circumferentially arranged around the combustion chamber 40 .
  • the method may further include flowing the diverted portion of the working fluid 24 across the baffle 80 that extends radially and/or circumferentially inside the distribution manifold 62 to distribute the diverted working fluid 24 substantially evenly around the combustion chamber 40 .
  • the various embodiments of the present invention may provide one or more technical advantages over existing late lean injection systems.
  • the systems and methods described herein may reduce variations in the pressure and/or flow of the working fluid 24 through each fuel injector 60 .
  • the various embodiments require less analysis to achieve the desired fuel-air ratio through the fuel injectors 60 and enhance the intended ability of the fuel injectors 60 achieve the desired efficiency and reduced emissions from the combustor 16 .
  • the various embodiments described herein may supply the working fluid 24 to the fuel injectors 60 without reducing the amount of cooling provided by the working fluid 24 to the combustion chamber 40 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
US13/466,184 2012-05-08 2012-05-08 System for supplying a working fluid to a combustor Expired - Fee Related US8677753B2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/466,184 US8677753B2 (en) 2012-05-08 2012-05-08 System for supplying a working fluid to a combustor
RU2013119492/06A RU2013119492A (ru) 2012-05-08 2013-04-29 Система для подачи рабочей текучей среды в камеру сгорания (варианты)
JP2013096689A JP6161949B2 (ja) 2012-05-08 2013-05-02 燃焼器に作動流体を供給するためのシステム
EP13166361.9A EP2662624B1 (fr) 2012-05-08 2013-05-03 Système pour fournir un fluide de travail à une chambre de combustion
CN201310166275.8A CN103388837B (zh) 2012-05-08 2013-05-08 用于将工作流体供应至燃烧器的系统

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US13/466,184 US8677753B2 (en) 2012-05-08 2012-05-08 System for supplying a working fluid to a combustor

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US20130298560A1 US20130298560A1 (en) 2013-11-14
US8677753B2 true US8677753B2 (en) 2014-03-25

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US (1) US8677753B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2662624B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6161949B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN103388837B (fr)
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US10816203B2 (en) 2017-12-11 2020-10-27 General Electric Company Thimble assemblies for introducing a cross-flow into a secondary combustion zone
US11137144B2 (en) 2017-12-11 2021-10-05 General Electric Company Axial fuel staging system for gas turbine combustors
US11187415B2 (en) 2017-12-11 2021-11-30 General Electric Company Fuel injection assemblies for axial fuel staging in gas turbine combustors
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US9995221B2 (en) * 2015-12-22 2018-06-12 General Electric Company Staged fuel and air injection in combustion systems of gas turbines
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US9938903B2 (en) * 2015-12-22 2018-04-10 General Electric Company Staged fuel and air injection in combustion systems of gas turbines
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CN109595592B (zh) * 2018-12-06 2020-04-10 西北工业大学 一种预蒸发式火焰筒
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EP2662624A2 (fr) 2013-11-13
CN103388837A (zh) 2013-11-13
US20130298560A1 (en) 2013-11-14
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EP2662624A3 (fr) 2013-12-18
JP2013234837A (ja) 2013-11-21

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