US867284A

US867284A - Apparatus for tunneling.

Info

Publication number: US867284A
Application number: US38362507A
Authority: US
Inventors: David Maxwell
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1907-07-13
Filing date: 1907-07-13
Publication date: 1907-10-01
Anticipated expiration: 1924-10-01

Description

No. 86mm..v

PATENTBDOCT. 1, 19.07.

laf-MAXWELL. APPARATUS VFOR YTUIINELIIIG. PPLIOLIIOB'HLED Nov. 24, 1905. xmuwnb .nmz 13,1907.

WITNESS ES PATENTEDOGT. 1,;1907. D. MAXWELL.

APPARATUS FOR. TUNNELING. APPLICATION IILLD Nov. a4, 199s.- LLNEWBD JULY 1s, 1901.

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mvENToR' und WITN ESSES www@ @g4/@w No. 867,234. PATBNTLD 00T. 1, 1907.

D. MAXWELL.

APPARATUS FOR TUNNBLING. APPLICATION FILED Nov. 24, 1905. RENLWLDJULY 1s. 1907.

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D., MAXWELL'. APPARATUS'Fon-TUNNBLING.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24,' 1905. "EBNBWED JULY 13, 1907.

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NQ. 867,284. PAILNTL'D 00T; I, 1907.; D.l MAXWELL. APPARATUS IOR TU-NNLLING.

A PPLIGLTION FILED 1107.24. 1905. RENLWD JULY 1'3. 1907.

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U TED; sTnirns 4PrgrnNT OFFICE. Y, ".DAvrD MAXWELL, oFoAKMONr,'PnNNsYLvANIA. -AE

.. .j Annan-Ares noRsUNNELIirG. 'I i l Specicationof Lettersalfatent.l

Patented oct. 1, 1'907..

l 'ivpiietio md irbyemter 24, 1905. Serin No. 288,379. RnewedJuly' 13, 19o?.A sennnmssaszs."

Tocll wlrom'it my concern:

'lle it known that -I, vDevin MAXWELL, of Oalgmont, lldgliiiyl'county, ,lennsylvania, have 4 invented a new and useful Apparatus for Tunneling, of.which the ollowing is a full,c lea1, and exact description,- reference being had to theaccompanying drawings,

forming part of thisspeeification, in which:-

Figure l a vertical longitudinal section of a tunneling machine einbod ying` my invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional planview on thel line Il -Il of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of theA machine; Fig. 4 is a front elevation; Fig. 5 is averti-cal cross-section of the tunnel' looking'towardthe face; vand Fig. 6 is a diagram- View illustrating the method of blasting.

The initialloperation. in themethod-of tunneling' whiclfl"employA -is illustrated in Fig. 5. By means o'f' my machine whichI will describehereinafter I for-1ny .in the rock of the tunnel a channel cut 2 of arch form and of suitable depth, 'preferably about four feet,

theldepth being'gverned bythe length ofthe chan-V neling"' tool which itis convenient to employ. I also drill-,in the face ofithe roclgpreferably at4 the same time the forming of the channel-cut a series of blast-holes 3 which slant upward, theirI precise direc tioii being' determined by the `nature1 o the rock, as

u twill be'understood bylthosenskilled in the art. I also -I drill rat the same time'rin ythe face of the rock a series of blast-holesli above the channelf'cut for the purpose of' blasting out an extexir space for the accommodation of tlie timbering and masonry where the rock is soit andlthe 'tunnel therefore requires to be lined. After the channel 2. has beencut and the holes 3 and' drilled a`s` above stated, the and-'channeling machine is -from .the face of the rock, 'and the workof blasting is begun. The first -blast is'inade with the top row of the' holes 3 and with 'the holes at the .center i the series 4. These blast- A holes. 3 are directlylunderthe top of the channel-cut and the`holes4 in which the-first blasting is done are directly abovethe same, so the effect of the first blast is to make a clearance space beneath the apex of the channel-cut l2 and directly above the same and'. to discharge the-loosened-:ro'ckin great part forwardly, causing it to fall upon aprons at the` base of the tunnel as explained below. Some of the loosened rock will,

j however, remain at the top. of the face in which aretheholes 3, The next blasting. `is done in the row lof holes 3 neirit'below, and `also inthe holes 4 at the side ofthe; space above the channel-cut which has been formed by the preceding blast. This discharges an additional.- mass-of rock from below the channel-cut upon the apron at thebase of the tunnel tbg'ether with the loose roel: remaining from the p recedingblast, and also widens the blasted 'space above 'the `channel. The Work of blast# ing lis 'th ntinued, each successive blast being Aa space around the outline of the tun masonry is applied preferably whenth finished. The railsupon which the made in a row of holes 3 below the last preceding one,

and in holes 4 successively outward from the middle.

-The distance betweenthe last two rows lof holes,- 4 and 4", is lpreferably small so that only. Aa relatively small -amount of-Work will have to be done in blastingv G9 these holes, and a light charge of explosive'being used the rock will notbe shatteredand a' solid seat 4b beformed for the. timbering andlmasonry to spring from. When the blasting is finally completed it affords af'blastcd space'ofv the shape indicated indiagram in 65 Fig. 6, the upper portion being of greater -width than the lower portion and having seats 4b for the masonry.' and timbering as above stated.' Ifdesired the seats 4b can be formed by channeling.

At each successive blast the material dislodged thereby falls upon a carrier which efxtends from side to side of the tunnel, and when the entire face'of the rock has thusv been blasted,- it is transferred from the carrier to cars in the tunnel, 'and the carrier'being withdrawn,

the drilling and channeling machine is again advanced, 75

and the work of channeling and drilling -ollqngved by blasting is repeated. Asthe. tunneling proceeds the tirrlbering set in th widened space at the top of the tunnel and can becontinued so as to follow-the operation of tunneling very 8.0

closely, say within about twelve feetf the end of the face ofthe rock; v'The channeling and drilling machine is provided with a surrounding shell forming a.' roofed structure on which the workmen may stand in placing the timbers and onV which the upper drills and upper 85 I channeling carriage are supported. l The wider.\space at'the top of the tunnel which in" formed bythe blast-holes 4is of great advantage causeV it enables the timbering to be carried on concurrently with thedrilling and enables the drillingya'ridf'f() channeling machine to be advanced -and drawn Withoutinterference by the timbering, which being a ffull opening f or the passage of th' l ing :n acline= and the loading cars travel are addedi c tigns prefe1' ably four feet"v at a time, after 'eachciiiplete operation of blastingthe face o'f the rock.

Figs'. 1,2; 3` and 4 show the channeling and drilling V100 machine. 'The shell or frame of this machine consists oa plate structure 5 strengthened -on the inside by ,stiffeners 6 and' composed'preferablyvo plates having lched marginal angles which-are placed 'preferably at the joints'otthe plates; and if `desired the outside 105 ofthe shell may be similarly strengthened on the viren-.2 A lar upper-portion by'stiffeners'.' This frame must I support .the drilling and channeling machine!)r and must also be hollow sons to permit the apron and loading cars to pass through it, s o that it \\i|l not he necesi-IL10 .rp. i l,M Tl ris rack may also fonn a splice-bar connection pivpt by a cylinder 24 operated preferably by water,

ing them on a. tilting head 25. which is' pivoted on an be turned nearly an entire revolution, so aste direct by the screw-shafts 19 and also varied in direction by b i y 867,2

saryfte'i' each blast to move themachine entirely from the tunnel, which if the tunnel were long would he a slow and expensive operation.

The [rame is mounted upon wheels S which run upon a track 9, and for the purpose oi propelling tlie machine on the track to move it into channeling and drilling position or to retract it from the face of the rock,- I prefer to employr a -motor 10 connected by gearing 11;

clutches 12, worm-gear 13 and shaft 14 with a pinion 15 which is in gearwvith a rack 16 applied to the side of the between. the rails` and when the shafts 14 are driven the pinieps cause the machine to travel forward or back along the rails asmay be desired, The same motor 10 may also be connected through the gearing 11, clutches 16, worm-gearing 17 and gearing 1S with screw-shafts 19 passing through nuts in a vertical head or frame 20 which has a forwardly projecting portion. 22 carrying the drills 2.1 and hinged to the trame 20 by a horizontal pivot 23 and adapted to be swung vertically on said so that the angle or' inclination of the projecting portion 22 may be varied; and in conjunction with the vertical xnotonpf the frame 20 provided for by the screw-shafts 19 a wide range of direction and' position maybe given w the drills 21. .I snow four of the dans 21. .t son wider range of direction is afforded to them by mountaxis 26 to the portion 22 of the frame and is provided with worm-wheels 27 adapted to he rotated by simultaneously actuating the worms 2S so that the head 25 may be turned on its pivot at any desired angle, or may the drills 21 downwardly for the rpurpose of drilling vertical holes in the tioor of the tunnel it' desired. f

Each outer drill cylinder 29 together with an adjacent drill cylinder 30 are mounted on laterally sliding flames or carriers 3 1 on the head 25, each cylinder being mounted on a vertical trunnion 32 on which it can be swung laterally'. Each frame 31 is movable in a hon'- zontal directionby a traveling nut 33 set on a screwshaft 34 adapted to be turned by a hand-wheel 35 or other suitable device.

The actuating cylinders of the drills 21 may be raisedthe mechanism above described, so as to drill holes in any portion ot the face of the tunnel below the channel cut, and at any desired inclination.

The holes which are drilled outside or' the channel cut are made by drills mounted on the outside of the frame 5 of the machine. These drills 36 of which there may be any desired number are operated by percussion-cylinders 37 connected by vertical tran--l nions and clamps 3S to columns 39 along which they may be adjusted and clamped in position. The columns 39 are carried by carriages 40 mounted on a pair of the stiffeners 7 which form rails therefor and have attached thereto racks 41 in which mesh pinions 42 on the carriage operated by worm-gearing 43 so that the carriage may be moved around the exterior of the frame to bring the drills to any desired position thereon. The columns 39 are strengthened by braces 44. The adjustment or' the cylinders 3T on their trunnions and their lutcrul adjustment on the columns; together with the motion nl' thc. carriage J9 on the outside of the frame give-each of the drills 36 22 of the frame 20 at the angle to4 which it is adjusted on its pivot, I- employ locking devices 45 (Figs. 1 and 2) which are hinged at 46, and'are connected by lever-arms 47 and a shaft'48 to an operating lever 49,

by which they may .be retracted. They are' preferably forced forwardly by springs A50 which hold them in engagement with radially-arranged ribs 51 on the sides oi the-portion 22 of the frame, -thus holding the framesecurely in'any position to which it is adjusted by operation of the cylinders 24.

The apparatus by which the channel-cut 2 is formed in 'the rock is best' illustrated in Figs. 1-4.' The apparatus comprises vertically-sliding frames 52, mounted on the inside of the frame 5 of the machine, and carried .by nuts 54 on vertical screw-shafts 55,

driven through gearing from amotor 57, softhat the sliding head 52 can be raised and lowered to any position desired. The mechanism is arrangedso that these-heads can be moved -upan'd down substantially without interruption in the manner of a channeling machine so that the tools which they carry will cut. a continuous channel in the face of the rock.

Each frame carries amotor-,cylinder 58, .whosepistion is connected with a lcross-head 59 carrying the channeling tool 60. These cylinders are advanced or retracted by hydraulic feeding cylinders 61`, which.

I employ for the first timefor the purpose o f feeding the working cylinders of the tools, and as theyrender .unnecessary the employment of feed nuts, theyreduce greatly the wear of the machine and enhance its eiiiciency. The powerful action ofthe feed-cylinders enables-me to draw back the tool quickly if it happens to be lodged at the basefof the cut', and I thus increase greatly the speed of channeling. Where it. isdesired to employ two channel-cutters at each side of the machine, the head 52`may be constructed to support two' feed-cylinders and two cutting-cylinders placed directly 'above the set shown in the drawings. Such duplication is only-necessary where the rock is of a hard nature. The cylinders 58 form the vertical channel-cuts of the tunnel. The curved channel-cut at the roof of the tunnel is formed by another slidinghead v`62 which is hung from the top of the frame 5 by guides 63. along which it may be traversed by a pinion 64 meshing with a.

stationary rack 65 and driven. by motors 66 through gearing GT. The head G2 can thus he moved around th'e arch of the frame 5 from end to end thereof. and. it carries channeling percussion-cylinders 66 and feed-cylinders 67' at its end,'whiclr are constructed and arranged as described with reference .to the cylinders 5S and (il. lThse cylinders may be duplicated on the head 62. if desired. iu constant motion along its slide by the operation oi the motor mi. j

For the purpose oi preventing lost motion or pounding of thc iccd-cylimlcrs G7. I prefer lo one-rate them bv kce )imr both ends in communicntiou with the The head is keptA will prevent any lost'motion, and the feed can be ctmtrolled with great exactness.

Those skilled in the art, after becoming familiar with the construction above particularly described, will be able to modify it in many ways Without departure from the principles of my invention, assta-'ted in the ciaims, since What I claim isz- 1. Tunneling apparatus comprising a hollow shellcarry` ing drilling machinery and made hollow`for the passage of cars; substantially as described.

2. ln tunneling' apparatus, a hollow shell closed at its top and sides and open at its ends and bottom to permit cars to pass therethrough', and drill mechanism carried by said shell substantially as described.

3. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow shell closed at its top and sides and open at its endsl to permit cars to pass therethrough, and a drill mechanism movably mountedv within the shell substantially as described.

4. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow shell closed at the A top and sides, `and open at the ends to permit cars to pass therethrough, drill mechanism movably mounted within the shell, and other drill mechanism mounted on the roof' .0r top of the shell; substantially as described.

5. In a tunneling apparatus, a hollow shell clpsed at they top and sides to protect workmen therein, and to form a platform for workmen on the top thereof, said-shell being open at its ends to permit cars to` pass therethrough,

tracks np'on which the shell is mounted' `a motor.on the shellfor actuating the same, and drill mechanism carried by the'shell; substantially as described.-

6. In tunneling apparatusya hollow shell, a vertically movable' drill carrying frame mountedtherein, and having a vforwardly projecting portion connectedV thereto for independent vertical movement whereby it may be-.givenldifferent angles of inclination, drills mounted thereon, and` means'for locking said portion in its different positions;

substantially as described.

7. Tunneling apparatus comprising. a frame carrying channel-cutters, and drillseirterior to the channel-cutters; substantially as described. i v l 8. In tnneling apparatus, a hollow shell, a, verticallymovable drill carrying frame mounted therein, and, having' Aa forwardly-projecting portion pivoted.. thereto'for independent vertlcal movement,A and a rotary drill-carrying head lcarried by the pivoted portion.; substantially as described. i

9. In tunneling-apparatus, a hollow shell, a vertically-. movable drill-carrying frame mountedtherein, and having a forwardly-projecting portion. pivoted theretov forA independent vertical movement,` a rotary headz carried by said portion, a laterally sliding frame or carrier on the head,

and a drill cylinder mounted on said frame or carrier;`

lsubstantially asdescribed.

10. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow shell,.a verticallymovable drill-carrying frame mounted therein, and havingwithin the shell, a curved track withinthe upper portion v of the shell, a carriage movable-on said track and achannel cu'tter on said carriage; substantially as described.

13. In tunneling apparatus, a vertically-movable frame, means for raising and lowering the' same, 'a motor cylinder mounted on vthe frame and having its piston connected with a ehannelingvtool, and a 'feeding-cylindertor-advancing and retracting the motor cylinder; substantially asdescribed. .v 14. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow arched shell closed at its top and open at its ends, carriages mounted`exte-- yriorly on the top of the shell, and drill mechanism on the carriages; substantially as described,

. 15. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow shelll having a,

closed top, a carriage movably mountedupon said top, drills mounted on said carriage,l andmot'or cylinders for actuating the ydrills; substantially'as'described.

16.J In tunneling apparatus, a' hollow arclied shell closed at the top and 'havingcurved tracks at the upper interior portionv thereof, a head movable-on vsaid tracks, channel cutting mechanism carriedby said'head, and a motor for actuating the head ;i substantially as described.

. I7. In tunneling apparatus, a,hollow curved shell having the interior` 'of its roof provided with tracks, a sliding h ead hung from the top of the shell and arranged tol traverse said tracks, a motor for actuating the headand channel cutters carried by the head; substantially as described.

` In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set myv hand.

DAVID MAXWELL.

Witnesses:

IRENE M. PERKINs,. CHAnLns -F. DELBsIDGn.