US865247A - Automatic gunnery-correcting device. - Google Patents

Description

No. 865,247. PATENTED SEPT. 3, 1907.

. E. W. HUBBARD.

AUTOMATIC GUNNERY CORRECTING DEVICE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 18. 1906.

BSHEETS-SHBET l.

arab,

Jly.

Dwniors Elnr W'Hubb Witnesses:

'hama C. mx/wc No. 865,247. PATENTED SEPT. 3, 1907. E. W. HUBBARD.

AUTOMATIC GUNNERY CORREOTING DEVICE.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 18. 190e.

s SHEETS-SHEET z.

No. 865,247. PATENTED SEPT. 3, 19C?. B. W. HUBBARD.

AUTOMATIC CUNNERY CCRRBCTINC DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED 5116.18. 190C.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 AT MOSJZ lwe r Wjubbam;

MI/'m4,

CORRE ION POWDER ICLMER W. HUBBARD, OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY.

AUTOMATIC GUNNERY-CORRECTIN G- DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented sept. 3, 1907.

Application tiled August 18,1906. lSerial No. 331,124.

vTo all ahorn it may concern:

Bc it known that l, Emma W. HUnBAno, a citizen of the United States of America, and a captain in the Artillery Corps of thc United States/'Arm stationed at Fort Revere. Hull, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Automatic Gunnery-Corrrwting Devices, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates improvements in ,devices for giving the necessary.corrections in artillery firing; and the object of the invention is to provide a device of the class described which shall give with greater speed and facility and with less liability to error the necessary gunnery corrections for use in artillery firing (especially With heavy scacoast guns) than any device heretofore known and which shall interfere in no way with the usual operations of plotting at the plotting board or with working' of the gun itself. ln heavy artillery firing, as is well known` the range tables used are computed on the basis that atmospheric conditions, muzzle velocity of powder, chargey weight and form of projectile, etc., are all normal or standard. As a majority o( these conditions are seldom fulfilled it follows that;4 various corrections must be applied in elevating andsighting the gun. ln addition the motion of the ship or target must be allowed for.

In the United States Coast Artillery Service the range or actual distance from gun to `target at any instant is usually corrected for the following conditions or causes,

viz:

l, Wind, or effect of the Wind in shortening or in-v change the height of the gun about the plane of the targetfand hence in turn affects the elevation to be given to the gun for a given horizontal range.

4; Atmospheric density as determined by readings of the barometer and thermometer. This in turn atl fects therange attained by the projectile.

5. Motion of the target or the increase, or decrease of range during the time clapsing from the instant the rangeis determined until the projectile strikes. That is, one must aim to hit a point in the track of the ship and ahead of her at which she will arrive at the time the projectile strikes. The time elapsing fro'm the instant the range is determined to the instant the shot strikes and is evidently made up of two periods: (a) The prediction interval, or interval from the instant the range is determined to the instant the gun is discharged. lThis interval is usually a constant one and covers the time consumed i'n plotting and determination of the various corrections, time of transmission o intelligence, setting of gun, etc.; (b) the time of flight of the projectile, a well known interval, which for. any particular gun, powder charge, etc., varies with the range. B'asod on a known change of range for any particular interval,` vsay twenty seconds, it is obvious that the range corrections to be applied would be found by solving a simple proportion for a number of seconds equal to sum of prodiction interval and time of flight. y

6. An arbitrary correction may be applied dependent on the range attained by the previous shot or shots.

While the above are the usual corrections applied in heavy artillery firing, my devices can be readily adapted to make any other range corrections or a less number, as may be desired.

The various range effects described above could be allowed or corrected for by making suitable changes or corrections in the elevation of the gun as given in range tables for lhe particular range considered. lt is customary, however, to estimate the effect on the range of the shot of a certain cause and apply the correction to the range. Thus it at 5000 yards the effec: of a cer tain wind is to shorten the range by 50 yards the practical method is to add 50 yards to the actual distance.

of 5000 yards, thus giving a working range of 5050 on which the elevation is based. Similarly with the other causes noted above. Thus if a certain cause tends to shorten the range attained by the projectile the correction is an additional one and viceversa. These effects may beoither positive or negative, positive when an increase of range results and negative in case of a de crease. The corrections to be applied obviously are of the opposite sign. Supposing in case of a given range, all the various range corrections, each taken with its proper signyare applied to the distance of the target or range. The result is a fictitious or working range on which the angular elevation of the gun is based an( is commonly called the corrected range.y

The objectJ of this device is to give quickljr and mecha-nically the corrected range. It may also, as will appear hereafter, be used with equal facility to attain the correction to be applied, t', e. the algebraic sum of thc various corrections. This is a matter ot' detail and depends on the particular system of lire adopted.l

The device for making range corrections is independent of the particular system of lire adopted and may be used with a plotting board oranydevice or devices which give at regular intervals, say every fifteen, twenty, or thirty seconds, (called the observation interval the following data, viz: l. Range or distance of target from gun at any particular instant. during the previous observation interval. 'lhese data are found by well known menus which need not be described here. \\'hen arranged lo give the total cor- 2, (,hange of range rected range this rangewould obviously be communicatedfjlirect to the gun. When arranged to give the correr-.Stien only such correction would beapplied tothe range 'by well known methods'.

'This device can similarlybe applied to finding the sight setting or azimuth setting to be given the gun. The corrections usuallyapplied in a horizontal plane, due to the errors oi deviation are those due to the tollowing causes, viz: 1. Wind, or effect of the wind in vcausing the projectile to depart to the right or left of the planeet fire. 2'. Drift, or the well known' effect of the` in' causing the proectile to depart from the plane of fire. 3. Travel, or"tlie effect of the motion o'l the y' of Hight only. This since a condition of aiming requites the index or vertical'wire of the sight to be on the target at the instant of stings The setting' ofl said index would include-the lallowance for travel. ut in oase In, totalled, of oie U. s. Artillery corps Postamt Finding System where the direction of pointing is set on an azimuth circle on the gub carriage, and the ele vation by an elevation scale attached to said carriage it is obvious-that the correction must include a correction for the motion of the ship during the prediction interval plus the time of flight precisely as in the case of the'- range device previously described.

As shown later this device is adapted either to Case Il or Case 1H. It is obvious that to secure the corrected range for .the ,variousr heavy coast defense guns,

under any and all conditions by computation it must necessarily lead to great liability to. costly errors especially when this work must be performed by enlisted mon of no technical education as is generally the case. Evidently therefore it is desirable that some device should be provided -by which the corrected range may he secured without zthis liability of error and by which a hon-technical man" or one with little education may \mechanicallyhiake the' various corrections necessary to insure theyaccuracy'of eachshot fired from the gun. To provide such a device is the purpose oi the present invention which is fully illustrated in the accompanyingorawin'gsin which Figure 1 represents one embodiment of"y the invention adapted primaiily iorsuse in obtaining corrected ranges.- 2 represents'a partial elevation of the same drawn to an :enlarged scale with the adding or 'computing device shown in section. Fig. 3 represents a transverse 'section of same en l'ine 3`3 on Fig. 2. Fig.

4 represents'a transverse section of the same on linel 4 4 on' Fig. 2. Fig. `5 represents a transverse section through the reading scale, its grooved supporting membei,v and index plate, lon line 3-3 on Fig. 2, drawn to I a yet larger scale. 6 represents the reverse of an at'mcisphereY scale -sho'win'g a subtractive graduation thereon, drawn to an enlarged scale. Fig. 7 represents a twenty'jsecond observation interval scale, enlarged. Fig. Srepresehtsan enlarged elevation of the reading scale and the adding or computing device therefor, the.

various members of which are in their normal or central position. Figs. 9 `and 10 represent respectively enlarged sections on 4lines 9.-.9 and 10-l0, on Fig. 1, and Figs. 11 and 12 represent respectively an elevation and section of a modified form of adding or computing device.

Similar characters designate like parts thrpughout the-several figures ot the drawings. i

1n th'e drawings, lrepresents a suitable backboard in which is secured a plurality ot' studs 11 on each of which is mounted a'revoluble grooved roller 12. The rollers 12 support a tongue 13 forming with a head 14 a suitable-'1' square which is adapted 'lor movement 1011-' lgitudinally of said tongue between the rollers 12. The

tongue 13 is provided with a groove 15 longitudinally thereof in which is mounted a slidable member 16.... The member 16 consists of al bar 17` having secured .to v .either face thereof a scale 18 or 19 the scale 18 on one side being graduated in yards of range to acertain point while theggraduations are continued upon the other s'cale 19 together with a suitable overlap of the ranges. It is obvious from an inspection of Fig. 4that this member 16 be readilyy withdrawn' from thev groove 15 and be returned therein inreversed position with the scale 19 facing outwardly oit may beremoved entirely and another member with different range vgraduations thereon substituted for it. This construction oi the reversible scale dispenses with the' necessity of having too long a tongue 13 which would otherwise be required. A plate 20 is hinged at 21 t`0 the upper portion of the tongue 13 and t'o the iront face of this plate 20 is securedan index plate 22 byl means of the screw 23lextending through slots 24 therein, thesel slots providing a ready means for securing accurate adjustment of said index plate longitudinally ot' the tongue 13.

Below the tongue 13 is moiinted a member 25 `pi'ovided with an index`26 adapted to register with'the graduations on the reading range scale '18 and having thereina window 27 through which the operator may read the' scale 28 formed upon the lower outerI face of the tongue 13. The member 25 is provided with a second index pointer 29 adapted to register with the graduations of the scale 28 as it is moved longitudinally thereof. 'The origin' or" this scale is 2000l and reads in either direction for 500'yards and is adapted for use in connection with the gun arm of any suitable plotting device.

The member 25 is provided on its under face with a suitable nut 30 to which is threaded a screw 31 provided with an operating he'ad 32 and having bearings 33 in a member 34. It is obvious that by turning the head 32 the screw 31 will operate upon the' nut 30 to move the member 25 longitudinally of the member v34 in either direction thereby causing the index 35 thereon to register with the graduations formed uponthe adjacent edge of the front face ot the rectangular box member 34. f

' The graduations 36 on theV member 34 are for the .purpose of correcting for wind'and are spaced in any predetermined manner adaptedvfor use in any desired system whereby a movement of the index 35 to any given graduation on the wind scale 36 would make the desired correction for wind on the reading range scale 130,

18. For convenienceithe origin of the graduations oi the wir/l scale is lliven as 300 but any other number might as well be assumed provided it agrebd with other systems with which the device might be used.'

To the bottom of the member 34 is secured a nut 37 to which is threaded a screw 38 provided with an operating head 39 and mountedi\in' hearings in a similar rectangular' box member' 40. t'lo the front i'aee ol the member 4() is detachably secured a scale 4l provided with arbitrary markings thereon adapted to correct for a given tide for the various ranges.

The scale 41 is provided with suitable slots engaged by clamping screws 42 which retain said scale in position and which may be operated to release the scale and allow it to be reversed or another scale inserted in its place. It is obvious that various scales must be used each having' its predetermined arbitrary markings thereon for making corrections for tides oi' different heights and for different types oi guns. In the same manner other rectangular box members 43-44 are located beneath the members 34-40 and are similarly moved lengthwise of one another by means oi the operating heads 45-46 of the screws 47-48 threaded to nuts extending downwardly from the bottom of the members 40 and 43. The member 43 is provided with 'means of attachingthereto an atmosphere correction scale, said scale being provided with suitable arbitrary graduations which have been predetermined and are adapted to make corrections for a given atmosphere, the scale shown in Fig. l being adapted to make corrections for a l2 atmosphere which is an additive Correction.'

' The atmospheric origin isl6 and all corrections for atmospheres above 16 are subtraetive corrections and in this case the arbitrary markings will be `upon the Aopposite side of the center as indicated on the scale shown in Fig. 6. The index 5]. on the member 40 registers with the arbitrary markings on the atmosphere scale and the member 43 to which the atmosphere scale is secured is provided with an index 52 which registers with the arbitrary markings for the powder scale 53, detachably secured to the member 44. vIt is obvious that for different muzzle velocities and different types ofl guns various scales must be used and for this reason the scales are made4 readily detachable so that a new scale for a new muzzle velocity may be attached conveniently.

The member 44 is operated by means of the screw 54 having bearings in the lower rectangular box member 55 and provided with an operating head 56 by which the member 44 may be adjusted longitudinally thereof so that the index 57 upon said member 44 may be moved lengthwise of the correction scale 58'by the screw 54 to add' or subtract any arbitrary number of yards to the previous range given. This scale 58 is permanently secured to the backboa-rd l0 byy means o bolts 59, with the zero of said scale in the axis x. y., see Fig. 8, While the indexes of, the various movable members 253440-43, and 44 are all in this axis when in their normal positions. v

It is obvious from an inspection of the drawings that each of the rectangular box membersv 25-34-40-43 44 may be moved independently longitudinallyoi the member beneath to makeariy subtractive or additive correction while the movement o'f any member will `ried since the last reading.

carry with it all the members mounted th creon without disturbing any other settings and the sum of the various corrections thus n'iade will be indicated. by means of the index 26 lupon' the reading range scale 18 thereby automatically and mechanically giving the corrected range to be used at the gun. It is also obvious that where the conditions of either one of these causes is constant it is unnecessary to make any changes in that particular member, the only operation necessary being a change for any cause which has valt is also evident that this device at all 'times shows clearly what correction has been made and whether any correction has or has not been made, this varying from other devices for similar purposes in use in which one or more corrections may be made andl no indication be shown. as to whether this has been accomplished or not. This uncertainty often requires that the entire operation should be recommenced,'while when the failure to make any desired correction is not discovered in time, costlyerrors creep into the calculations which are entirelyl obviated bythe present device. Again it is entirely immaterial which correction is made first, or in what order the various corrections are made. As the changes for tide, atmosphere, and muzzle velocity usually remain practically the same lor a considerable period for any`particular day the proper scales to be used for the particular tide, atmosphere, and powder, will be placed in position at the commencement of operations and these only will be exposed to v iew thus preventing the operator from being confused on mistaking other scales for different conditions of tide, atmosphere, and powder as in the case of other devices new in use. A great advantage accrues from having these detachable scales graduated in ranges rather than yards as all that isnecessary to secure the proper correr-tions for these various causes is toset. the properindex to the mark designating the range given by the observer ,or otherwise obtained.y v v While the box members 25-34---4Q----43---44 are shown as adjustable longitudinally by means ol screws mounted in bearings and threaded to units on the members immediately above said screws, it is periectly obvious that any other suitable means may be used which will permit one member heilig moved longitudinally of the other and then clamped insaid adjusted position. Figs. ll and l2 in which each member has an upwardly extending rib 60 entering a groove in the member next above, which .member is adapted to be moved on said rib and clamped in adjusted position by the set screw 6l. d

The arbitrary correction scale 58'is only used after a shot has been fired from the gun and found upon plotting to have fallen over or short, as for instance, ii it fell l0() yards short, to correct lor the last shot, 100 yards would. be added, this being accomplished bya movement oi the index 57 along the scale 58 until it reads 100 yards more It' the shot plotted 200 yards over, then a correction or' 200 yards less would be required and the index 57 moved to the 200 on the left of zero, thereby making the proper correction.

It is obvious from the foregoing and from an inspection of the drawings that whatever corrections arc made by means of this arbitrary correction scale or llO One such modification is shown in any of the movable scales superimposed thereon for thel purpose of making corrections of powder, atmosphere, tide, or wind, the algebraic sum of the correctionsw'ill l be indicated upon the range scale 18'by the index 26 where it may be readily used and transmitted to the guns as the corrected range to be used, this range scale previously having been moved in the groove l until the given range, say 7000, registers with the index 22.

l travel of the targets during the time of flight and the` with 7000 as a given range the proper indexes on the movable box members must register with the 7 mark on the tide, atmosphere, and powder-scales. A glance by the range officer at the device would immediately disclose to such officer whether or not these different members were properly set. As shown in Fig. l the corrected range for the corrections made from the various-causes provided for is 7,130, this read ing being obtained from the scale 18 which shows the 'prediction interval.l It must be assumed that the automatic computing device has corrected for the various causes heretofore mentioned and that the corrected range which for these causes, isfas for instance, iri.this particular case 7 ,130, is now fixed. Hence, if we know l by any means the 'travel correction ofthe target during the prediction interval and time of flight would be plus 200 yards, i. e. the target would move '200 yards further away from the gun before the projectile struck, it is obvious that the actual corrected range for the target moving at this speed away from the guns must necessarily be 7,130 plus 200 yards, making a total corrected range of 7,330, which should be the rangesent f to the gunners. In order to provide for this and secure corrected data for the travel of a target during this pre1 diction interval and time of flight the head 14 of the T square is provided with a guide 62 yat right angles to the tongue 13. -On this guide-62 is mounted a tram! mel 63 having a clamp screw 64 by which said trammel may be clamped in any adjusted position. The tram- Inel is provided with a downwardly projecting pin 65 (see Fig.. 9) entering a slot 66 in an arm 67 pivoted at 68 to a' plate 69 secured to the front of the range board 10. Thivarm 67 is adapted to be moved about the pivot 68 by hieans of a handle 70. 1n a suitable groove on said arm 67 is slidably mounted a time of flight scale 71- provided with an index 72 and a plurality of range graduations 73 with which the index 74 on said trammel is adapted to register.V The index.72 is adapted to register with graduations forming a prediction interval scale 75 extending lengthwise of said pivoted arm 67. l'letacliably secured to the front of the backboard l0 is a travel in observation interval scale 76 held in position by means ofsuitalole set screws 77. Several of these scales are provided for various 'observation intervals and any one of these scales may be selected for use as, for instance, 10, l5, 20, or 30 lsecond-s. j I

The scale shown in Fig. 1 is for an observation interseam? v val of fifteen seconds while the scale 78 shown enlarged in Fig. 7' is for an observation interval of twenty seconds. Each includes only so much of thescal-e as would correspond to a speed of twenty-five miles per hour for a target moving directly to or from the gun. Thus on fifteen seconds scale an extreme .travel of 200 yards is shown inasmuch as a vessel going it the extreme speed of twenty-five miles an h our would practically go over 12 yards in one second and in fifteenl seconds fifteen times that, or only 180 yards, showing conclusively that with the extreme speed of the figlessel for a fifteen-seconds interval only 200 yards are needed in extreme cases. The other travel and observation interval scales are similarly proportioned. vmIt isl obvious that if the arm 67 is moved about its pivot to the 20G-yard mark uponv the travel and observation interval scale the tongue 13 of the T square being constrained to move in a direct line upon the rollers l2 will be moved into the position shown lin dotted lines v upon Fig. 1 and cause a new reading' upon the range scale, this being the total corrected range to' be sent to the gun. Before the arm 67 is swung into this position the index 72 must register'with the prediction interval used andthe trammel 63 moved so that its index 74 registers with thegi'ven range, i'. e. 7000. The time of flight scales are interchangeable and other 'similar scales for different muzzle velocities or different types of guns may be inserted inlieu of theorie shown in the drawings. The travel inobservation interval-scale is entirely independent from the prediction interval scale so that the'observations may he continued vat stated intervals irrespective of the time of firing of Vthe gun. This is a great advantage as observations may be taken at different and shorter intervals than the prediction intervals and as a consequence tlie variav tions of speed and travel of the target may be observed and used more nearly at the time of firingy of the gun.- By this means changes in speed can be more accurately ascertained at the time of firing than in the case where the last observation has to be taken. lt is obvious that this same boardmay be used for different cal'ibers of guns by changing the time of flight and the various .letachable scales on the autom: 4ic computing device `for others prepared for another type of gun as for instance 12 B. L. R.

1n the operation o the device the range oliicer or chief plotter at the beginning of practice determines the condition for the day-powder, atmosphere, tide,

etc., and places on the box members 40-43-44 the corresponding scales. The time of `flight scale 67-is now set to the predetermined prediction interval and' the proper observation interval scale attached to the backboard. The observer at the range finder observes -the position of the target and transmits 'the range and the range from the gun to the target is found bythe plotting detail lwhich in the present example will' be assumed to be 7000 yards. Proper ticle, atmosphere, and powder scales having been placed in position upon their respective box members the operator manipulates the screw heads 39-45-46 to adjust the tide, atmosphere and powder indexes to the arbitrary markings fcV r'OOO-yard range. The index 741 i is set at 7000-yard .ange and the wind index is s et for any reading which may be given by any suitable wind device.

'26 on the range sca-le i8. This corrected range goes direct to the gun` The distance to last plotted position ol' the target is now called off and all operations 'continue as before, everything now being ready for travel on the next observation. One throwv of the arm (i7 thus solves the proportional travel and at the same time adds it into the range as previously corrected giving total corrected range. By this means tite corrected range is held and travel determined by last observation interval is quickly added in to give the total. Y v' lt.- is believed that from the foregoing the operation will be hilly understood Without any further descrip tion. lhe construction and operation of the device is so simple that enlisted men of ordinary intelligence may be readily taught the principles o the device and operate it effectively as to operate this device requires no knowledge of gunnery.

In many other devices utilized for this purpose the computations are so many and the operations are so complicated that only trained men are capable oi operating the same and as these trained men are often scarce it is a great advantage to have a device which may be readily operated by the majority Vol the members of a coast artillery organization. Moreover, another ad vantage ol the present device is the absence ol' curves, strings, and charts, which are liable to easily get out oi order and be al'iected by the changes in the weather conditions. 'lhe present device is iree from all ot these objections, all ol' the parts being mechanically constructed and united in such a manner as to make each'act'ion positive and accurate.

Where the Wind, tide. atmosphere, and powder and other arbitrary corrections remain constant as is olten the case all the corrections for these conditions including the travel may be made by one motion of the lever (57 which obviously is a great advantage. Another great advantage in this device is that the travel is determined on the observed travel in the last observation interval instead ol' as usual in the one preceding. Any changes ollspeed are therefore more closely iollowed. lt `is only necessary in the use ol tht present device for an expert, that is the range oiiicer or chiel' plotter, to determine the conditions at the beginning 0i practice and adjust the scales. ln this device only actual v conditions are exposed thereby minimizing 'errors by theeliinination ol` all scales not in actual use.

The provision ol' fedex ice ol this nature whereby the prediction interval may be changed at will and in which any desirel interval may be used is a great advantage. and this is also true ol the ability to freely change the device so that any observation interval I may be used. Moreoverl anothei advantage in this connection is the entire independence of the observation interval from the prediction intervals/hereby there is nonecessity ol the intervals being the same and an Vopportunity is afforded of changing either of these intervals accordingfto the degree of efficiency of the personnel operatingfupthedifferent devices. ',-For` instance With rapid trained plotters it might be possi ble to take two observations during one prediction interval.

The apparatus has been more particularly described to make various corrections for different causes and register the same upon the range scale 18 from which may be read the total corrected range to be sent to the gun for use in aiming or laying. 'lhe apparatus'is equally well adapted to indicate by means ol the scale 28 upon the tongue i3 the algebraic sum o thetotal corrections to be made, the index 29 registering with said scale 28 to indicate thereon the exact algebraic snm of the total corrections to be applied on the gun arm of a plotting board or to be used in any other comptitations in connection with other systems which may be in use.

It is obviously an advantage to have provision made in a single apparatus whereby the total corrected range may be indicated to be sent directly to the gun or the total sum of the various corrections indicated which may be used in connection with other systems for aiming and laying.

While the device-herein shown is adapted primarily ior usel as a range board lor the purpose ol securing either the algebraic sum oi the' total corrections to be used or the total corrected range to be sent to the gun it is obvious that by slight changes ol some oi the scales the`device is equally applicable to be used for a deflection board to make corrections in deviation to the right or leit of the target, .-^e. giving the total sight setting in any adopted system which may be used or to give thc total corrected azimuth setting by which. the gun is to be laid.

Claims.

l. '.lhe combination of an arm adapted to he moved about a center; means b r which the movement; of said arm may be regulated to any predetermined point; a mov able scale pivotcd lo said arm and slidable in a'tixed path at right angles lo the normal position ot said arm; and an automatic computingr device independent ol said scale but eoperatini:r therewith to make various gtlnnery corrections and indicate Vupon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying.

2.' 'l'he combination of an .arm adapted to be moved about al center; a scale. pivoted thereto and Amovable thereby in n fixed path at.' right anglesl to the normal position ol said arm; :1nd an automatic computing device iinlependent, of but 'coperating with said scale to make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming,r land laying.

il. 'lhe combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center; a iixed scale by which the movement of said arm ma \y be regulated; a scale pivoted to said arm movable .in a.ixed path ati right angles to'thc normal position ol said arm; and an automatic computingr device independent ot' but coiiperaling with said scale and adapt ed to make various gunnerycorrections and indicate upon said scale. the actunlcorrectcd data to be used in aiming and laying.

4. 'lhe combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center; a scale movable in :i fixed path at right angles to the normal position ol said arm; means interposed hetween said scale and arm t'or varying Athe movement of the scale by the movement of said arm: and an automatic computing device independent of but coperating with said scale to make various gunnery corrections und indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying.

The combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center; a scale movableln a fixed path at righty anglesto the normal position of saidarm; 'a connector between said scale and arm: and an automatic computing deviceindependent of but coperating with said scale to make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected-datato be used in aiming and laying. i I

'6. The combination 'of an arm adapted :to be moved about a center; a scale movable in a fixed path at right angles to-the normal position of said arm; an adjustable connector between said scale and arm adapted to vary the movement of said scale; and an automatic computing device independent ot' butv cooperating with said scale -to make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon l said scale the actual corrected data to be used infaiming I and laying.

7. The combination ofan arm vadapted to be moved about a center; a scale/movable in a fixed path at right angles to the normal position of said arm: means 'by which the moveinent oflsaid arm may be regulated to any predetermined point; an adjustable connector between said scale and arm adapted to vary the amount of move ment of said scale by the movement of said arm; and an automatic computing device coperating with said scaleA pendent of but coperating with said scalel to make various gunneryV corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying.

i). The combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center; means by which the movement of said arm may bev regulated to any predetermined point; a scale Vmovable in a fixed path at right angles to the normal position of said arm; a connector between said sleale' and arm; means for moving said connector to and from said center to vary the movement of' said scale; and an automatic computingr device cooperating with said scale to make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale tbe actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying,

10'. The combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center; a plurality of graduations thereon; a scale movable in a fixed path at right angles to the normal position' of said arm: a connector `between said scale and arm adapted to be adjusted to register witb`auy predetermined graduation on said arm; and an automatic com\ puting device coperating with-said scaleto make various gunnery correctionsand indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying.

11. The combination of au arm adapted to be moved about a center; an interchangeable member thereon provided with a plurality ot graduations; a scale movable in a'tixed path at right angles to .the normal position of said arm; .a connector between said scale and arm adapted to bc'adjusted to register with any predetermined graduation ,on said member; and an automatic computing device coperating with said scale ,to 'make -various gunnery corrections and .indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying.

12. The combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center and provided with alongi`tudinal groove;

' an interchangeable scale slidable vin said groove; a scale movable in a fixed path at right angles Ato the normal position of said arm: a connector between said scale and arm adapted to be adjusted to register any predetermined graduatons on said scale; and an automatic. computing device cooperating with said scale to make various gunnei-y corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying.

13. 'llie combination of un arm adapted to be moved about a center; a graduated member slidable thereon; a

lixedpscale adapted to locate the position of said graduated member; a Vscale movable in a fixed-path at right angles .to the normal position ofsaid arm; a connector between said vscale and arm adapted to be adjusted-to register with any lerating 4and laying. n i

,prediction an automatic computing device independent of but coptlons and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying. v

14. The combination of an arm adapted to be, moved about a center; a time of fiight scale thereon a scale movable'in a iixed path at right angles to the normal position of-said arm; a connector between said scale and armadapted to be adjusted to register with any given range on said time tlight scale; and anlautomatic computing device cooperating with said scale t'o. make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the/actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying.

15. The combination of anarm adapted to be moved about, a center; an interchangeable time of `flight'rscale thereon; a scale movable in a fixed lilith at right angles to the .normal position of said arm; a connector between' said scale and arm adapted to be adjusted. to register with any given range on said time ot' iiight scale; and an automatic 'predetermined graduations onsald slidablefmember; and

with said scale to make various gunnery correc- K computing device independent of but coperating with said angles to tbe normal position oi' said arm; a connector be tween said scale and arm adapted to be adjusted` toiregister any given range on said time of iiight scale; and a'n automatic computing device cooperating with .said scale tomake variousgunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming 17. The combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center', a` time of fiight scale slidable`thereon; a

movable in a iixed path at right angles to-tbe normal position of said arm; a connector between said scaleand arm adapted to be adjusted to register with any given range on said time of flight scale; and an automatic computing device coperating.l with said scale to make various 4gunner-y interval scale registering therewith; a scale corrections'and indicate upon said scale`the,(actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying.

18. 'lhe combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center; a member pivotally connected thereto andy movable thereby in a fixed path at right angles Ato the normal position of said arm; a scale movably mounted `upon said member; and an automatic computing device independent of but coperatingiwith said scale to make various gunnei'y corrections and indicate 'upon said scale the actual"y corrected. data to be used in aiming and laying.

19L The combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center; a member pivotally conn'eted thereto and movable thereby in a xed path at right angles to the normal position of said arm; a reversible scale Inova-bly 'device independent of but coperht'i g with said scale to `make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual'corrected data tobe used in aiming and laying. I

21. The combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a center; a member movable in a fixed path at right angles to the normal' position of said arm; a scale slidably mounted thereon; a time of flight scale on said larm; a* connector between said movable member and said arm movableto register with any 'given range on 4,said time of flight scale; and an automatic 'computing device independent 'of but coperating with said scale to make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected datato be` used in aimng'and laying.

3S. 'lhc combination with a movable member provided with a longitudinal groove; a .scale slidable in said groove; a. member movable relative to said ,rooved member provide'l with two indexes one ot' which is adapted t) register with said scale: a member parallel thereto provided with a plurality ot' eraduations with which the other index is adapted to roe'ister and also with another index; means for adjusting pne ot said members lengthwise of' the other: a third member parallel to thc others; a correctionscale: and meansflu' removably attaching' said scale to said third' member whereby the index on the second memher may register therewith means for adjusting one of the last-mentioned members relative to the other whereby variens grunuery corrections may he matig and indicate upon said slidable scale. the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and-laying.

3). The combination of a'n arm adapted to be moved about a eenter;` a scale indicating; inter 'als of travel by which the movement of said arm may be regulated `a movable scale. pivoted to said arm movable in a fixed path at. right angles to the normal position of said arm; and an automatic computini: device independent of but coiipo'r t.- im, with said scale to make various gunuery corrections and indicate up =n said scale tite actual corrected data to be used in aiming.;r and laying.

40. 'lhc combination of an arm adaptedl to be moved about a center; a time of flight scale thereon; a prediction interval scale by which to'set said time of flight scale; a movable scale; a connector'. between said scale and arm adapted to be adjusted to register with any given range on said time of flight scale; and au automatic computim,y devil-e cnperatint,r with said scale and adapted to make various gunner-y correctitms and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected datato be used in aiming and laying.

41. 'lhe combination of an arm adapted to be moved about a conter: :1 time of flight scale thereon; a predictionV interval scale ou said arm to set said time of flight Scale;-

a travel interval scale by which to set said arm; a movabltl scale a connector between said scale and arm adapted to be adjusted to register with any, given range on said time of flieht. scale; and an automatic computing device c(""peratinrr with said scale and adapted to make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to .be used in aimim,r and layinf.

42. 'the combination of an arm adapted to he moved about a center.; a member carrying.: two scales adapted for longitudinal movement pivctally connected tol'said arm land movable at ria'ht angles to the normal position of said arm; .md an automatic computing device independent of but' cooperating with scales to indicate on one Jche corseazm rected range to he used at the gun and on the other the sum of all the corrections to be applied for various causes.

4?. 'l`he combination of a pendent swinging arm; a handle s cured thereto for moving said arm; a scale pivoted to said arm and movable between guides in a horizontal path; and an automatic computing,r device independent 0f but cooperating with said scale to makevarious gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual correctcd data to be used lin 'aiming and laying said device, consisting of a plurality of scaled members parallel with said scale and adapted for longitudinal movement relative to each other.

4t. 'llie combination of a pendent swinging arm; a handle secured thereto for to said arm and movable between guides; another scale slid-able longitudinally of said first mentioned scale; and an automatic computingy device independent of but cop eratinq with .said seule to make various gunnery corrections and indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying said device, consistini;l ot a pluralitygot' scaled members parallel with said scale and adhpted for longitudinal movement relative to each other. V 4 45. The combination of a pendent swinging arm; a handle secured thereto tor moving said arm a member pivoted to said arm and movable between guides; a scale slidahle longitudinally of said member; and an automatic computing device independent of but coperating with said scale to make various eunnery corrections and' indicate upon said scale the actual corrected data to be used in aiming and laying said device, consisting of a plurality of scaled members parallel with said scale and adapted for longitudinal movement relative to each other.

46. 'lhe combination of a frame; a scale normally fixed thereon; a computing device consisting of a plurality of scales parallel to each other and'to said fixed scale, adjustable relative to each other to secure various readings and rela tive to said fixed scale for colneeting for too great or too short a range; anda slidable scale mounted upon said frame coiperatiny.'I with \the side of said computing device furthest removed from said tixed scale and adapted to indicate thereon the vactual corrected data to'be used in aimingr and laying the gun. A l,

Signed by me at Ioston, Massachusetts, this 13th day of August 1906.

ELMER NV. IIUBBARD.

Witnesses y. I

vILuioLD Il. Bnown,

WALTER E. LoMnAun.

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