US864259A - Electric reciprocatory device. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED AUG. 27, 1907.

J. B. RATHBUN. ELECTRIC REOIPROGATORY DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9.1906;

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

No. 864,259. PATENTED AUG. 27,,190'7. J. B. RATHBUN.

ELECTRIC REGIPROGATORY DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 9,1906.

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No. 864,259 PATENTED AUG. 27, 1907. J. B. RATHBUN.

ELECTRIC REOIPROGATORY DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED MAY9.1906.

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UNITED srrirns PATENT orsion.

JOHN B/RATHBUN, or nun/1on1), INDIANA, ASSIGNORTO onAnLss e. nrnewrnnor HAMMOND, INDIANA.

' ELECTRIC REGIFPRUGATORE DEVICE.

Epecification of Letters Eatent.

Patented rin at, 190?.

Application liled May 9, @906. Serial 110. 315,923.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN B. RArnnUn, a citizen of I the United States, residing at Hammond, inthe county of Lake and State of Indiana,-have invented acertain new and usefullmprovement in Electric Reciprocatory Devices, of which the following is aspecification.

vlviy invention relates to reciprocating devices and? ,Jcoils oi the several sets so as to actuatesaid set of coils and then in opposite directions so that the magnetic effect of the coils on the core will be neutralized.

. The invention consists-further in providing suitable switching devices for so changing the direction of the currents, and further, in means ofr causing such switch-, ing devices to act in accordance-with the positionoi the core so that the energization and denergization (if the magnets will be automatically timed or synchro nized with the periodic movements of the core.

The invention consists further in maintaining the energization of the magnetic devices during the whole or a very substantial part of the period ol'traveloi the view oi the tool fastening reciprocating part so that gre'atiorce and high speed is obtainable from a comparatively small amount of power. v

, The invention consists further in the several new and improved devices, constructions and arrangements shown and described in the following specification. The inventionhas been shown and will be described as applied to an electric reciprocating hammer for-rivl eting or such like purposes, but it will be obvious that theapparatus showing .the connections,'soine oi the parts being here illustrated diagrammatically, Fig. a, a view similar to Fig. .1 illustrating a modification, Fig. 5, a cross section on line 5-5 of 1, Fig. 8, an inverted plan view of a part of the coupling device, Fig. 7, a like view oi a coupling nut, FigeS, adetail of one of the bridging rings, and Fig. 9, a detail plan Lilre letters of reference indicate like parts in all the drawings.

lshall first describe the mechanical features of a preferred form of electric hammer such as is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5 to 9 inclusive, and shall thendescribe the various switching arrangements, connections and the like, so as to illustrate the operation of my apparatus as a whole, in this respect referring particularly to Figv 3.

A represents a reciprocating core of some magnetic material which works in apipe or cylinder B preferably split or divided by the longitudinal groove B to prevent the formation of induced'currents. Sfirrounding this cylinder are the energizing magnets C, D, of the solenoid type, i'ormed on the removable spools O and D respectively. I have shown two of these magnets, but it will be obvious that there mightbe any number according to the exigencies of the :case; These magnets are composed icallyconsidered oi one of the magnets in the same direction and at the same time causing currents to pass through the, coilsof the other magnet in opposite di- I lrections so as to. neutralize the magnetic efiectinits j coils and lthen reversing this procedure as will be I described in detail later.

'jSurrounding the coils O and 1D is a cylindrical casing E ofmagnetic material on the lower-end of which is secured the tool holder 13]. It has a central opening with. hardened steel bushing to receive the shank of the toel E The tool may he held in position bymeans Qf 'fl split ring E shown in detail in Fig. 5 which fits over a rib E on the tool and into a groove formed by the ribs E E on the tool holder. These arrangements might, of conrse, be very greatly modified. The upper end of the cylinder E is screw threaded to receive the collafFE onto which is screwed a nut E clamping together the fiangejoi cap piece E which extends over the top of the cylinder B, and a flange on the hendle F. Apparatus of this sort will receive rather rough handling in the foundries whe're'it is intended to be used and it is, therefore, desirable that the connection between the handle, which should be removable and the body of the hammershould be very secure. I'have designed a form of union'which is very suitable for the purpose and which consists in forming a flange l). having the upturned edgeE on the collar E and iorming ratchet' teeth E on the bottom of the nut E designedto operate with ratchet teeth E on the top or" the ring E held u against the nut by means of a spring Efinterposed be,-

each of a plurality of coils and means is provided zorenergiaing first one and then the other of the magnets so as: to impart reciprocatory mo tion to the core; this being accomplished preferably by causing currents "to pass through-the coils magnetrot switching apparatus to be described later. When the core A, which has, of course, become a magnet through the energization of the adjacent solenoid G or D passes into one of these coils G or H, it will induce a current in the coil which is utilized in the switching apparatus, as will appear later. The several coils on the cylinder B are preferably separated by means ofrings of mag.- netic material E separated by insulating pieces which shield the several coils from the fields of the adjacent coils. These rings will preferably-be split or divided by the slots E, as is: clearly shown in Fig. 8. I prefer to utilize the movement of the core for cooling the coils. Td this end the cap piece E is provided with a centralpo rt E 'and with the peripheral ports E which lead-to a space E between the coils andthe cylinder E,. the cylinder being provided at th'e, side with the I ports- E Below the magnet Hare the rings E 'and under partoi the handle so that it will be closedwheii the handle is grasped. I- have here-shownaninsulatingblock F set into the handle-and through which "ratus is shown in detail in the diagrammatic view, so

the wires F indicate only in a general way the connections leading'from' the switch. It will be understood that any desired form' of controlling switch might be used. To the handle will-be preferably'connected aflexible tube F to contain the conductors.

Itwill be observed that in this form of apparatus there is no switching apparatus connected with the hammer except the hand manipulated push button. All the more orless complicated switch mechanism necessary ioroperating the hammer is located outside and entirely apartfrom the handle and may, in fact, be placed in a cabinet or-other safe place where it cannot be tampered'with or get out of order.

It has been found that in reciprocating-tools,particularly in hammers, where the reciprocatingpartis designed to give a blow to the shank of a tool, thatthe end of a core is likely to become broken and spread with use so as tb'stop the proper operation of the apparatus. To overcome this I'provide the end oi my core A p and a variable resistance I in this circuit. 0 D are wound in opposite directions and are con- =pieces M M M is an armature suitably supported by springsM M -with a part. of relatively soft material such as brass.

the core A, the solenoids C and D and the coils and ,H' are represented diagrammatically. The solenoid O is shown as consisting ottwo coils'or windings O and C The solenoid D also consists oi two windingsD and D The arrangement illustrated contemplates connecting the coil 0 in series with the coil. D and the coil 0 in series withthe coil D Thecoils G and D are wound in the same direction or so connectedthat their 1 magnetic resultant is the same. The coils C 'and D are wound in opposite directions or so. connected that their magnetic resultant is opposite. It is evident this relation betweenthe series of coils might be reversed.

' A conductor 1 leads from one pole oi'the generator I to Conductor 2-connects the coil D with the the coil 0 7 other pole of the generator; I have showna switch I The coils nectedwith the generator Icthrough switching apparatus adapted 'to send the current first in one direction and then in the other througl'i such coils, and which switching apparatus I will now' describe.

I is-a block ofinsulating material which carries on side two'switchmembers I andJ connected together mechanically and electrically by the binding .post'J andthetwo switch members J and J on the other" side, connected: by the binding post 1. The 'block has-the stem J attached to a core J associated with anelectro-magnetic device. This electro-magnetic device consists of two solenoids K and L adapted to move the core 1, back and'forth according to whether one or the other is energized and with the core, to movethe switching -members away from or against the contact screws J", J on one side and the contact screws-J J on the other side, these screws passing through suitable terminal plates J and being preferably movable for-purposes oi adjustment.

1 The solenoid- L is operated through the agency of the coil G.

= This coil is located at theupper end i the travel of the core A so that when thecore which-iaof course, mag netized throu h-the action of-the energizing coils C C approaches theupper limitof its'travel it will extend 'into the coil Gand induce thereina current of electricity. This current may be conducted by suitable plish this it may be made to operate an electro-magnetic device, which in turn operatesswitchingmechanism 'suitablyinterposed between a source ofcurrent supply, such as the generator I, and the said solenoid; L. 'I have illustrated this arrangement in Fig. 3! ends of the coil G are connected by conductors 3 -and 4 The with acoil M having a core M with projecting pole on a bracket-M of insulating material and carrying the flexible switching arm M normally standing out of contact with the contact screw M in a binding post M but adapted to be brought into contact therewith when the coil M is energized. A conductor 5 leads from conductor 1 to armature M aconductor 6 from binding post M to one terminal ofsolenoid L, and conductor 7 from the other terminal of solenoid L to conductor 2. It will be seen, therefore, that when the core A passes into the coil G the solenoid L receives current from generator I and moves the switch, against the contact screws J J Previous to this time the switch has been in contact with the contact-screw J9, J A conductor 8 connects conductor 1 with binding post. J

and a conductor 9 connects conductor 2 with binding post J From the contact screw J 'a conductor 10 leads to one terminal of the coil 0 the other terminal being connected with one terminal of the coil D by conductor 11. From the coil D a conductor 12 leads to a solenoid N which, with a similar solenoid 0 controls acore N having astem M connected with the block J. This pair of solenoids is designed to hold the switch in either one position or the other after it has been moved by solenoid K or L. Another conductor 13 leads from solenoid N to the contact screw J which, as has been explained, is connected with conductor 1 .by conductor 8. Similarly coil His connected up with magnet M havingva core M with the pole piece extensions M M which will attract the armature M carrying on this side the switch arm M cooperating with the contact screw M mounted in the binding postM to close a circuit including solenoid K form d by a conductor 14 from binding-post M to solenoid K, a conductor 15 from solenoid K to conductor 7, and conductors 1, 2, 5 and 7 already alluded to. A conductor 16 leads from conductor 12 to solenoid O and a conductor 17 from this solenoid to contact screw J A conductor 18 connects contact screw J 11 with conductor 10. Conductors 19 and 20 connect the ends of coil H with the magnetM.

In order to lessen sparking at the switch contacts, I prefer to include in my apparatus a condenser P which is here shown as connected up by conductor 21 with conductor 18 and by conductor 22 with conductor 17. When the switch has been moved against contact screws J .1 it is held by the energization of solenoid O which is now in circuit with the generator through the conductors 16 and 17.

In order to illustrate the operation of my device, I will trace the circuits through the apparatus for the various positions of the switching devices. I shall first assume the core to be at the beginning of its upward travel. The circuit through coils G, D will be as follows: Generator 1, conductor 1, coil coil D conductor 2, resistance l fswitch 1 back to the generator. This circuit will remain the same during the whole operation of the device. The full line arrows indicate, for the sake of illustration, the direction of the current through coils C D assuming the arrows to be associated with the turns of the wire on the front side of the coil. The circuit through the coils C D will be as follows: Conductors 1 and 8, binding post J, contact arm J contact screw J conductor 13, solenoid N, conductor 12, coil D conductor 11, coil Oflconductor 10, contact screw J switch arm J binding post J conductor 9 to conductor 2, and then as above described. The current through solenoid N will hold the switch arms I, J firmly against the contact screws J J It will be observed that the current through coils C and C is flowing in the same direction around the core A; As a result, of course, the core A will be caused to rise. At the same time the current through the coil D is flow ing in the direction opposite to'that of the'current through coil D Assuming the current to be flowing through D from right to left, as shown by the full line arrow used in connection with this coil, the current through coil D will be flowing from left to right as shown by the full line arrows associated in the drawings with this coil. The magnetic effect of these coils upon the core will, therefore, be nullified. Coils C and C may or may not have the same number of turns, and likewise the coils D and D I have shown these coils in multiple ratio, the larger number of turns, in the coils through which the direction of the current is changed. This preferred construction tends to lessen the sparking at the switch as a lighter current may be made to pass through this circuit with equal magnetic effect on the core.

When the core passes into coil G, a current will be generated in the following circuit: Coil G, conductor 3, magnet M, conductor 4 to coil G. Armature M will be attracted by magnet M, closing the circuit at M, M", this circuit being traced as follows: Conductors l and 5,

1 armature M switch arm M contact screw M binding post M conductor 6, solenoid L, and conductor 7 to conductor 2, and thence as before described. The current passing through solenoid L will energize the same so that it will draw in core J pulling the switch away from contact screws J J and against contact screws J J. The current through coils G D will remain the same, while that in coils C D will be reversed as follows: Conductors 1 and 8, switch arm J contact screw J conductors 18 and 10, coil C conductor 11, coil D conductors Hand 16, solenoid O, conductor 17, contact screw J switch arm J and conductor 9 to conductor 2, and thence as before described. The current passing through solenoid 0 will energize the same to hold the switch at its left hand position (Fig. 3). The current will now pass through coil G in teh direction indicated by the dotted line arrows, that is, it will flow around the core from left to right, thus neutralizing the current through coil C .The current through coil D will also be reversed and will flow around the coil in the direction shown by the dotted line arrows, that is, from right to left thesame as the current through coil D The lower solenoid will, therefore, be energized and will draw the core A downward, this movement continuing until the core reaches the coil H when a current will be induced which will take the following course: Coil H, conductor 19, magnet M", conductor 20 back to coil H. The energization of magnet M will cause the armature M to be attracted and will close a circuit at M M This circuit will be traced as follows: Gonductors 1 and 5, armature M, switch arm M5 contact screw M binding post M, conductor 14, solenoid K, conductors 15, 7, and 2, and thence as above described. This will energize solenoid K and move the switch to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 3. This will, of course, change the flow of the current in coils C D back to .the original direction.

It will be observed that by this arrangement only a portion of the current necessary to energize the magnets in succession is handled by the switch, the current energization of one of these magnetic devices and the.

, deenergization of the other of them is accomplished automatically and by the core itself when it reaches a certain position at one or the other end of its excursion. Were a commutator used to accomplish the operation of 1 5 the switch,it would be necessary that the commutator.

should'be timed so as to operate the switch just at the right moment. .;If the movements of the switch and the 1 core were notfaccurately synchronized a considerable loss of power would obviously result. In my invention the position of the core itself conditions the movement .of the switch. It will be observed further, that after ithe switch has been moved it is held or locked firmly against the contacts by the switch holding solenoids N, O.- 1 g It will be clear that it will not be necessary to make use of all the above described, devices and combinations, but that some of the features which I have described as constituting my preferred form of apparatus might, under certain circumstances, be omitted or 30. others might be substituted in theirstead. For ex 7 ample, mechanical means for shifting the switch might be substituted. for the electro-magnetic means previously described. I have shown such mechanical means in the modification of Fig." 4. This form of apparatus is similar in many respects to the device of Figs. 1 and 2 and I shall, therefore, confine the description to modified features. The handle Q is associated with a cylindrical casing Q which has a flange Q clamped by the nut E Lying over the top of the cylinders B and E isa cap piece Q having the air ports Q for cooling the coils in the manner described in the other form'of apparatus. On this cap piece is the insulating block Q on which is mounted a suitable casing R containing the solenoids R" and R which correspond to the solenoids N and O of Fig. 3. Mounted on a ring R are the contact screws R, R electrically connected with the binding posts R Within the solenoids is a reciprocating hollow core R with which is connected a hollow stem R A rod R extends through the core and the stem and carries on its lower end the guide plunger B which is received in a cylindrical bore R formed in the upper end of the core A. A perforated cap R is located at the upper end of this bore. The rod R? carries the disk It between which and the shoulder R formed at the upper end of the chamber in the core R is interposed a coil spring R". A

similar spring R is interposed between a nut R on the stem R and a nut R on the upper end of rod R The switch consists of a block S carrying on one side the switch arms S, S connected by the binding post S and on the other side, the switch arms 8, S connected by the binding post S Connected with the ring R by suitable uprights S S is a ring S of insulating material carrying the contact screws 8*, S elec- 6'5 trically connected respectively with thebinding posts senses S", S When the core A reaches the upper end of its travel it will abut against the end of rod R and push i the switch from the position shown in the drawings to the upper position against contact screws 8", S The springs R and R will act as cushions to prevent injury to the mechanism. Similarly when the core reaches the lower position the cap piece It will come against the guide plunger R and pull the switch to its lower position. The handle has a push button switch similar to that shown in Fig. 1 consisting of a push button T, spring'T coptact T and contact T For purposes of illustration I have shown the circuits as follows although it-will be understood that there might be considerable variation without departing firom my invention: A conductor 23 leads to binding post U, a conductor 24, from binding post U to one of the coils corresponding to'the coils O, D of the diagrammatic view of Fig. 3, a conductor 25, from the other of such coils to binding post U, a conductor 26, from U to contact T and a conductor 27, from contact T back to the source of currentsupply. The circuit through the coils in which-the direction of the current is constant is thus completed when the push button T is pressedin.

A conductor 28 connects binding post U with binding post S a conductor 29, contact screw R with solenoid R, a conductor 30, solenoid R with one of the coils corresponding to the coils C D of the diagrammatic view, a conductor 31, the other of these coils with contact screw R", and a conductor 32, binding post S with binding post U This completes the circuit through the coils corresponding to. the coils 0 D of the diagrammatic view when the switch is in its lower position, the holding solenoid R being included in the circuit. A conductor 33, not shown complete, connects contact screw 8 with solenoid R a conductor 34, solenoid R with conductor 31, and a conductor 35, not shown complete, connects conductor 30 with contact screw S This completes the circuit through the coils corresponding to coils 0 D when the switch is'in its upper position, this circuit including the solenoid R I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to any person skilled in the art.

with an electro-magnetic device comprising a plurality ofcoils arranged so that their fields are coincident and means for sending currents of electricity through said coils, first in the same direction and then in opposite directions so that the coils first reinforce each other in their magnetic effect upon the core\and then neutralize each other.

2. In a reciprocating device the combination oi? a core with an electro-magnetic device comprising a plurality of with an electro-magnetic device comprising a plurality of coils arranged so that theirfields are coincident and connected up with a common source of direct current and a pole changing device connected with one of the said coils whereby the current is made to flow first in the same direction in the coils and then in opposite directions so season "that the coils first reinforce each other then neutralize each other as to their magnetic eflfect upon the core.

ciprocable core, with an electro-magnetic device for imparting'motion to the same, comprising an energizing coil, means for maintaining a continuous current of electricity in said coil, :1 second coil, similarly placed with respect to the travel of the core, means for sending currents of electricity through the second coil alternately in opposite directions, and a device for automatically eflfecting such reversal of current conditioned on the positio of said core. 4

6. In a reciprocating device,the combinationof a re ciprocable core, with an electromagnetic device for imparting motion to the same, comprising an energizing coil, means for maintaining a continuous current of electricity in said coil, a second coil, and means for sending currents of electricity through the second coil alternately in opposite directions, said coils having a ditterent numbe of turns and being connected up in multiple. I

7. Ina reciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocable core, with two electro-magnets each composed of a plurality of coils, said electromagnets oppositely disposed with respect to the travel. of the core, and means for causing energizing currents and neutralizing currents to pass in alternation through each of .said electroiiiagnefs.

8 In a reciprocating device, the combination of. a reciprocable core; with two coils at each end of the core,

means for causing currents of electricity to flow through the several coils, and means for intermittently reversing the current through one coil at each end of the core.

9. In a reciprocating "device, the combination of a re-..

ciprocable core, with a pair of energizing coils -one at .ciprocable core, with a plurality of coils in series and arranghdal'ong the travel of the core, a second series of coils associated with the first mentioned coils, acommon source of electrical supply, said series of coils being arranged in multiple, and a switch device for intermittently reversing the current through the second series. of coils.

11. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a re .ciprocable core, with a plurality of coils in series and arranged along the travel of the core, a second series of coils associated with the first mentioned coils, a common source of electrical supply, said series of coils being arranged in multiple, and 'a switch device for intermittently reversing the current through the second series of coils, the coils of the second series having a greater number of turns than the several corresponding coils of the first mentioned series.

12. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocable core, with a pair of coils, one at each end of the core, a secondpair of coils associated with the first pair and having a greater number of turns,' a common source of electrical supply, the coils of each pair being connected in series and the pairs of coils being connected in multiple, and a switch device for intermittently reversing the cur rent through the second pair of coils.

13. In a reciprocating device, the combination ofa reciprocable core, with an electro-magnetic device to impart motion to the core, a switch device for causing said electromagnetic-device to be energized duringv substantially the entire period of travel of the core in each direction and electro magnetic means for synchronizing the movements of the switchwith the reciprocations of the core.

14. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a re ciprocable core, with an electro-magnetic device, a source of current supply, a swltch-device for intermittently connecting the electro-magnetic device with the source of current supply, and a holding device for holding the switch in its closed position.

15. In areciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocable core, with a plurality of energizing'coils to impart motion to the core'in opposite directions, a source of current supply, and a switch having a member adapted to be moved back and forth between contacts, in time with the ,reciprocations of the core to intermittently reverse the current through certain ofsaid coils.

16. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocable core, with a plurality of energizing coils to impart motion to the core in opposite directions, a source of current supply, a switch adapted to intermittently reverse the current through certain of said coils, and a holding device to hold the switch in its closed position.

17-. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocable core, with a plurality ofene'rgizing coils to impart motion to the core in opposite directions, a source 'of current supply and a switch, actuated when the core has reached certainpositions in its travel in either direction, adapted to intermittently reverse the current through certain of said coils. I

18. In a reciprocating device, the comulnation of a reciprocable core, with a plurality of energizing coils to impartmotion to the core in opposite directions, a source of current supply, and an electro-magnetic switch timed with the reciprocations of the core adapted to intermittently reverse thecurrent through certain of said coils.

, 19. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocabl core, with a plurality of energizing coils to impart motion to the core in opposite directions, aneurce -of current supply, an electromagnetic switch adapted to intermittently reverse the current through certain of said coils, and means comprising a coil located on the travel of the core for operating said switch.

2 0."In a reciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocable core, with a plurality of energizing coils to impart motion'to the core in oppositcdirections, a source of current supply, a switch adapted to intermittently reverse the current through certain of said coils, and an electro-magnetic holding device to hold the switch inits closed positions.

21. In a reciprocating device, the combination'or a reelectro-magnetic controlling switch for said reciprocating means, and a device for energizing the electro-magnetic controlling switch comprising a coil, and means conditioned on the position of the rcciprocable core for inducing a current of electricity in said coil.

23. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a re-' ciprocable core, with an electro-magnetic device for imparting motion to the same, a controlling switch to control said electro-magnetic device, and means for operating said switch comprising a coil positioned with respect to the reciprocable core so that a current of electricity is induced therein during a certain part of the travel of said core.

24. In a reciprocating device, the combinationof a reciprocable core, with energizing coils surrounding the same, a source of current supply, a device for controlling the supply of current to the coils, and means for operating said device comprising coils arranged at each end of the energizing coils into which the reciprocable core passes.

25. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocable core, with energizing coils to impart motion to the same, a. source of current supply, an electro-magnetic controlling device, a coil into which the core passes during a part of its excursion, and an electromagnetic device connected with the coil and adapted, when'a current is induced in said coil, to connect the controlling switch with the source of current supply.

26. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a recipro'cable .core, with electro-magnetic means for imparting motion to the core, a switch for controlling the current to is brought into contact with the same when the core is reciprocated.

28. In a reciprocating device, the combination of a reciprocahle core, with means for imparting motion to the same, an outer casing, a handle, and means for connecting 20 the casing and handle comprising a flange on the casing, a nut connecting the handle and the casing provided with ratchet teeth, a ring having ratchet teeth to engage the ratchet teeth of the nut, and an elastic device interposed between the ring and the flange.

JOHN B. RATH-BUN.

Witnesses:

A. H. CHEW, W. S. A'rwoon.

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