US860561A - Art of railway signaling. - Google Patents

Description

Nd. 860,561. PATENTED JULY 16, 1907.

W. T. OVIATT, E. F. LATIMER & W. GRUNOW, JR.

ART OF RAILWAY SIGNALING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.2, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

- PATBN'I'ED JULY 16, 1907. W; T. OVIATT, B. P. LATIMER & W. GRUNO ART OF RAILWAY SIGNALING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 2. 1906. I

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' tion.

UNITED STA ES PATENT OFFICE.

WESLEY T. OVIATT, OF STRATFORD, AND EDWARD F. LATIMER AND WILLIAM GRUNOW, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

ART OF RAILWAY SIGNALING Patented July 16, 1907.

Application filed August 2, 1906. Serial lie. 328,972.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WESLEY l.- OVIATT, EnwAno I LATIMER, and WIL IAM GRUNow, Jr., citizens of r the United States, and residents of Stratford, Fairfield '5 county, State of Connecticut; Bridgeport, Fairfield county, State of Connecticut, and Bridgeport, Fairfield county, State of Connecticut, respectively, have made a new and useful Invention in the Art of Railway Signaling, ,of which the following is a specifica- Our invention is directed particularly to a novel system for effecting the movement of railway cars or trains over a railway, either in the same or opposite directions, in such manner as to avoid damaging col- 1 5' lisions, or accidents, and it has for its objects-First, to provide a novel system or apparatus whereby cars or trains may enter a definite section of the roadway, from either end thereof, and in any desired number, the "first car to enter such section effecting the operation or signals at both ends of the section giving definite indications, other cars entering the section giving indication at both ends thereof of the number of such cars in the section; the arrangement being such that when each'car enters the section it does'not disturb the signals and when any car leaves thesection no matter from which end, the signals still remain in. the same condition until the last car remaining therein has passed out, no matter in which direction. Second,

" to provide a novel system of signals and circuit changing switches at each end of a section to be protected and all so'arranged that no matter at which end a car i may enter it will set or display definite signals at the opposite ends-and place the switches in such relation to the circuits and controlling apparatus of the. signals that no matter whether the car passes outat the distantend or backs out at the home end the signals will be, restored to normal condition and no matter what the number of care, within limits, be admitted to the section the signals will perform their evolutions for 40 ,the perfect protection of the road and be restored to safety only after all of the cars have passed out of the section, no matter in which direction they may enter or move out of the'same. Third, to provide means wherebyshould two cars enter an open or unoccupied block from opposite ends thereof at identically the same. moment, such signal displays will be given at both ends of the section as will indicate to the motormenoi both, cars the fact that they are approaching I, 'eachlothe'r on the same section and that one of said SQcarsslioirld'back out,-*$he arrangementbeing such that i 1 it matter which cars first backs out it will establish a p danger signallagainst itself and will give a safety indi- .ca'tion' to the' other car at the distant end of the section,-al1owing it to proceed, and if both back out all signals will return to normal or safety. Fourth, to provide means for permitting of the simultaneous entrance or exit of cars in and out of a block,.whereby indications of such entrances or exits are simultaneously added or.deducted at both distant signal boxes without changing the condition of the signals as originally set bythe first car which entered. Fifth, to provide a safety system of signals with indicating apparatus adapted to indicate definitely the number of cars which enter any section and remain therein for any length of time and also adapted to deduct or subtract from the indicated number on the indicator at each end of the section successively as the cars leave the same, no matter in which direction, the successive additive indications in increasing order always being inthe same direction until the maximum number of cars has entered, and the successive deductive or subtractive indications being always in a reverse direction thereto, so that both indicators always give a positive indication at each end of the section of the number of cars located thereon.

Our invention is particularlyadapted for single track railways of the well known trolley type, al-

though it may be used in connection with electric railways of the third rail type, or with steam railways and any controlling source of electrical energy; or with an electric railway and an independent controlling source of electrical energy, the circuit relations of the signals, the indicators, the operating switches, the circuit changing switches and controlling magnets being such that they may be adapted for such use generally in railways;

Prior to our invention attempts have been made to give an absolute indication of the number of cars at each end of a protected section of a railway that shall enter the same and shall withdraw therefrom, and to also display a definite signal at each end of the section indicating the fact that said section is occupied, such a system being made operative by a single electrom'agnetically controlled indicator at each end operated by two electromagnets, electrically connected with four circuit wires running over the entire section, trolley controlled switches being provided at the opposite ends for effecting the circuit relations for the several circuits on entering or leaving the section, a single signal at each end being combined with such an indicator. A further system has also been proposed in which two electrical circuit'sare utilized ovgr the entire section, one indicator at each end, each controlled by two electromagnets; a single signal'being provided at each en'd, the arrangement being such that the indicator hand is operated to give two definitetype's of indications; namely, one from left to'right in the direction of the hands of aclock, and the other in reverse direction over separate dial numbers. Both of these systems, however, are so arranged that should two cars 1 sets of controlling magnets 'for each indicator would' operate and no indication would therefore be effected.

- Our invention differsfrom these, in that weutilize two normally open main line controlling'circuit wires and electroniagnetically controlled switches at each end operatively brought into action by switches c91 5 trolled by the-trolley, and in such manner that the ad- ?Etive indication of cars entering from either. end or tion also differs from the before-mentioned systems,

in thatby no possibility can there be a non-operation of the indicators and the 'electromagnetic'ally con switches at opposite ends, a feature of material im- 'portance in that such an action would positively disarrange the apparatus and make it inoperative for future'juse... .With our system apositive indication is given of-the simultaneous entrance or departure of two cars in the same or opposite directions. vA fur- 'ther system has been devised in which a normally open two wire controlling circuit. extends over the section and one individual' signal at each end thereof is "ithereofi butthis system, like those before mentioned,

35. isnotso devised as to prevent the possible operation or controlled for disclosing the presence of cars at both endslof the section should a car enter at either end display of the signals in the event of two cars entering a se'ction simultaneously. With our invention, there- .fore, .it is not possible, -by reason of the movement of ,the cars themselves, to place the apparatus in inoperative position or to give a falseindication.

v For a full and clear understanding of our invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to construct and use the same, reference is bad to the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figures 1 and 2 represent diagrammatically a complete system applicable to a single section of railway;

said figures of the drawings being placed the one upon the left of the other, so as to indicate the operative relation of the parts when cars enter or'withdraw therefrom in either direction. Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevational 4 View of one of the signal indicating wheels with the dial- "hand attached thereto, and dial-face for indicating the a trolley wire connected to a number of cars on any section at any one time.

Referring nowto the drawings in detail, lrepresents source of electrical energy, not shown. v g I I 2 represents a trolley wheel, such as is ordinarily used inconnection with railways of this type, and '3 is 9. normallyopn branch feeder connected to the trolley wire,

. sign'al box. successively from one end always gives an indication of the absolute number of. cars upon a section, so that vt'ion of. the roadway.

safety position and' the circuit connections between the switches and the trolley wire normally disconnected, so that no current is flowing through any part of thesystem otherthan the trolley wire.

' 4 represents a pivoted switch having sufficient weight to normally maintain it in a vertical position.

5 represents a branch circuit running to earth and having connected in multiple circuit therewith two electric lamps, 1, l, 8 being a hand-switch for closing this branch circuit to the lamps; said lamps giving under normal conditions a white light in the field of the The contacts of the switch 4 are normally out of contactwith stationary contacts 6, 6, the lower end of said switch being bifurcated and located in the path of the trolley wheel 2 and the arrangement thereof such that when said trolley wheel is moved in opposite directions it will close the circuit to one or theother of the contacts 6, 6.

7 and 8 arebranch conductors running respectively to pairs of stationary switchiiig contacts 9, 9, and 1O, 10.

11 is a circuit changing switch having switching arm of non-conducting material centrally pivoted and carrying at its free ends two yielding contacts adapted to contactwith the stationary contacts 9,-10, either in the full line position or the dotted line position, as shown, said yielding contacts beingv connected through flexible conductors to signal operating or controlling conductors 12, I 13 and main line conductors 30, 31.

m and n are signal operatingror controlling electromagnets located respectively in circuit with the signal I operating or controlling conductors 13, 12, and '-connected to the branch earth circuit 5, through movable ably-rectangular shaped teeth, shown in the drawings to the number of sixteen, the apparatus illustrateddieing adapted to adniit at one time as high as 1.6 cars to the section under protection. In Fig. 3 1 have illustrated an enlarged view of the signal indicating wheel to, showing also the dial-face and dial-hand d therefor, thedialhand being carried by the same shaft which supports the signal indicating wheel and the normal position of said hand pointing to zero, as indicated.- These parts thus illustrated in detail constitute a numerical indicator for giving a visual indication of the number of cars at any .time standing upon or passing over any protected sec- 19 is a pivoted armadapted to move in a guide-way and so arranged that its lower end may either rest in or out of the path of the second pivoted arm 21 carried by the vcircuit changing switch '11, and operative-1ycorn nected by a link 22 with a' triangular shaped operating arm 25 supported by the same pivot or journal which supports the switch 11.

The signal indicating wheel w is provided with an in- (lcx adapted to move over a dial having sixteen numb -s' f r indicating the position of said signal wheel as g g and r are, two signal glasses, respectively of the col ors green. and red, said signals being carried by the arms 24, 23 and pivotally supported upon the switch 11. 2 7, 28 are pins carried by the arm 25 and adapted to rotate the signals 9 and r in accordance with the direction of rotation of said arm, said signals being moved .thereby in one direction and by an independent force as gravity in a reverse direction and having limit stop pins in the signal box, as shown. I 29 is anupwardlyext'ending arm integral with the switch 11, the end of said arm being located in the path of the upper end of the pivoted triangular shaped arm 25, the arrangement beingsuch that the switch 11 is always operated in either direction when the operating magnets are demagnetized, dependentupon the circuit relations of the several parts of the system and of the operation of the switches 4, 4, at eitherend oi the section.

Theoperation is as followsBotlr oi the signals r and g at each end of the section'are shown in their normal position with the lamps l at station B normally in circuit and the lamps l at station); normally out of circuit, the former for the purpose of illustrating the application of the system ior night use and the latter for illustrating it for day use by the semaphores alone. Suppose a car-to be entering from the right at station A andthafthe overlap between switch 4 and the signalboic is;sa y 200 yds., or asufiicient distance to enable a mot'ormim to observe the'operation of his home signal/as his car enters or withdraws from the section.

When the trolley wheel 2 passes the switch 4 it closes the circuit a definite time between the trolley condnctorfand the branch conductor 7 to: and. through the stationary contacts 9, movable contactat left of switch 11 and flexible conductor, to'the signal operatingor controlling conductor 13; thence through 40 magnet'm, contact ZQ smnch circuit 5 to earth; there- 'by causing the armature lever 15 to be drawn forward into the; position shown in dotted lines so that the hooked operating pawl 17 rotates the signal indicating wheel wthroughone notch, thereby imparting'to t he triangular. shaped arm 25, through the agency of the pin 26, a motion to the left, and hence through the to placeithe green glass in front of the lamps l f'thus' displaying to the incoming motorman the fact thatlthe section is clear for him. When the armature leverf l5 pin 28 and arm 24 to the signal g a-niovement sufiicieht was drawn through its complete phase the circuit was a interrupted atthe contact '20 and suificient current direction described itdrops to its normal position and interrupts ;the circuit; consequently, the armature e lever 15 of the magnet m is restored to its normal position and the circuit remains interrupted with the green semaphore. g-"in position indicating that the motorman may proceed. At the same timethatthe current was closed through the switch 4 and contact 6 a branch circuit was closed over the main line conductor 3lto stationB through the signal operating or controlling conductor 12, electromagnet a, contact 20, branch circuit 5 to earth, thereby energizing said magnet and lifting the armature'lever 16 into the position shown in dotted lines, so that the free end of the pa'wll'S is now lifted into a position such as will cause the signal indicating wheel'w to be rotated in a reverse direction to the handsof a watch, when the circuit'is broken at the switch 4 where the trolley wheelentered. When this occurs the triangular m s on 25 is moved through the agency oi the pin 2( i and hence the pin 27 is caused to act upon the supporting arm 23 carrying thejred glass signal 1' in such manner as to place a motorman coming in a reversedirection. At the same time 'as the triangular shaped arm 25 was rotated to the right the free endthereof came into frictional contact with the upwardly. extending arm 29 of the switching arm 11, causing said switching arm to be rotated into the position shown in dottedlines, thereby reversing the switching connections for effecting the operation of the signals at the distant station, as the car passesout. The signals at both stations, therefore, remain in this position until the car passes out at station B when. the trolley wheel 2 actuates the switch 4 and circuit conditions are effected at that point and at station A whereby the signals are restored tosafety as follows: Circuit is closed by branch conductor 8 to the leit hand stationary contact 10, the

the position shown iri' dotted lines, flexible conductor, signal operating or controlling conductor 13, electromagnet m, contact 20,.bra'nch circuit 5 to earth, thereby causing the armature lever 15 and pawl 17 to rotate the signal indicating wheel 10' in a clock-wise direction, so that the pin 28 is broughtagain'st the arm 24 of signal 9 and the pin 27 is withdrawn iromthe arm 23 supporting the red signal r, allowing said signal to [all by gravity to saiety position. At the same time a branch circuit was closed over the main line conductor 30 to the distant station, through the conductor l2, magnet 71, contact 20, branch circuit 5 to earth, energizing the magnet 11, and causing the armature lever 16 and its pawl 18 to be drawn into the p0 sition shown in dotted lines, so that when the circuit is interrupted at the switch 4 in station this armature is'released and pawl 18 rotates the signal indicating wheel 11) to the left and the arm 25 in reverse direc tion, thereby allowing the green signal 9 to fall by its own weight into a safety position. 1

Suppose now that after the car entered thesection it became necessary to reverse or, back it out of the same. Under this condition the trolley wheel 2 will actuate the switch 4 at station A making circuit contact between the contact 6 and branch conductor 8, stationary contact 10, yielding contact carried by the switch 11, flexible conductor to branch conductor 12, through magnet n, contact 20, branch conductor 5 to earth, energizing said magnet and raising the armature lever 16 and its pawl 18 into the position shown in dotted lines; so that when the switch 4 is released and said glass before the lamps l, giving-a dangersignal to '5 yielding contact by the switching arm 11 in ,3 breaks the circuit the pawl 18 will rotate the signal indieating wheel one notch to theleit, thereby forcing the V changing switches 11 are so interrelated with the cirnumber of cars left, and this is true no matter from -20, branch conductor 5 to earth; this causes the arms eating wheel w, one step to the right and restoring the triangular shaped arm 25 to its normal position, thus 1 causing the operating pin '27 to release the red signal left the link' 22 operatively connected therewith'and v the circuit relations between the switches, the opera- Ion entering it will seta green' signal at the entering end tions,-no matter what thedirection of withdrawal. It

: on entering the section from either end independently has displayed a green. safety signal and there is distriangular arm 25 into its normal position and releas-. ing the green signal 9 so that it falls by its ownw'eight to clear. position, A branch circuitis closediat the same time throughthe main line conductor 30 to sta tionv B, branch conductor 13, electromagnetm, contact ture lever 15 and its pawl 17 to be liited into the po-- sition shown in dotted'lines, rotating the signal i ndi-' r and allow it to fall by'its own weight to safety position. As the triangular shaped arm'is moved to the with the pivoted arm 21- eauses the upper end cf the latter to be moved into the path of the downwardly extending arm 19 at the free end of the armature lever 15, so that as this armature lever is released the arm 19, acting upon the pivoted arm 21, pushes or forces the pivoted switch 11 from its position in dotted lines into its original position in full lines, thus restoring all of tive magnets and the signaling apparatus into their normal or clear positions." V v It will thus be apparent that the two pivoted circuit cuits and circuit connections of the signal operating or controlling apparatus at the two stations, that no matter in which direction a car may enter or leave asectio'n,

and ared-signal at the departing end and when with-j drawing fronitlre section in either direction it will re-' store these signals at each end to their normal condiwill also be apparent on tracing the circuits that after a car has once entered a section any number of cars up to and including the limit of the ratchet-teeth on the signal indicating wheel 11 in the present instance sixteen, may enter the section, and the signals will not be disturbed, but the indicating wheels will be rotated] successively each time a car enters a section, no matter in which direction it may enter; thereby giving cumulative indication at both ends of the section of the actual number of cars therein. In like manner, after a definite number of cars has entered the section, say sixteen in the present instance, any car on leaving the section will subtract or deduct upon the indicators ne notch, thus giving a direct indication of the actual which end of the section the car may leave. Should the two cars enter-from oppositedirections at identically the same time, both of the switches 4 will be placed in operative-conncction with their respective contacts (5, and ii the circuits be traced under these conditions it will be ascertained that neither the red. norllie green signal at either station will be more than momentarily affected, thus giving to the motorman entering a section a clear white signal which he must know is wrong, for as before pointed out each motorman played at the distant cud simultaneously a red danger signal. Two motor-men,- therefore, have indication,

section.

it. in advance of themfof a clear signal, which I they know to be wrong,. and under instructions, there- In other words, the display, say ZOO' ft -in; advaneeof j 5 eachmotorman, after he has entered the section, of a clear white signal means that there are two cars approaehing each other and'that one of them must back out and that as soon as one does back out a proper ailvanee signal, namely, a green signal, will be displayed to the other mo'torman and a red signal to him who thus backs out.

It will be seen that our signal system embraces a compound signal and indicator in connection with com pound reversing or circuit changingv switches. The object of the compound indicator is to permit of indications being simultaneously given and held. at both ends of the section or block, regardless from what end of said changing switch serves to reverse the trolleywire or third rail switch circuits at that endof the section or block which displays the red light or semaphore, so

that any and alLcars now within the block when passing out will cause ta -simultaneous deduction or subtraction to be made from the indicators heldfat each end of the block, regardless of which end they had entered and are now' passing out. For instance, a number of passenger cars may have entered the block from one end each following the other inthe same direction,

"while opposed to them a number of," say work ears following one another, may have intentionally entered theblock at the opposite end and gone off onto a side time or siding. This condition does not alter or change the'signalsoniginally set by the first car which entered the block, although their number has been indicated at both ends, regardless of the fact that they had entered from opposite directions. By reason offthe cir f'e'iiit changing switch, it is immaterial in which direc? tion any of these, cars may'now'pass out of the block or section, though in passing out they each m'ake asimultaneous deduction or subtraction from the'indica tions previously taken and held at both ends. When section cars should have entered, whilethe circuit- I all cars are out of the block a white field will become visible, thus indicating aclear, unoccupied block or One important feature of this two wire signaland indicating system is found in the fact that'it indicates with but one visible field or semaphore the condition of the 'block and the/direction in which cars are passing through it. With one field or semaphore in view, it is impossible to become confused or to misinterpret a signal. A white field before entering, will indicate av clear unoccupied .block. A 7 car when passing into a block or section will change the-white to a green when entering and the white to a red at the distant end, thereby indicating to motormen of cars, before entering at that end, of the, approach of acar. in the block, while the green to the rear of it will indicate to the motorman of cars following of the occupation and departure of a car ahead. When thisear has passed through the distant end of the block or has backed out,

the colored targets or semaphm es will disappear and 'the field at both ends of the block will again be motored. to their normal whitefif These targetsor semaphores may be'rendered visible from one or,through both oppofsite sides of their boxes or inclosures, as may be desired and to renderthem visible at night 'or in dark places ,during daytime, they may be illuminated either by an oil lamp ormore preferably by a number of electric lamps of high voltage, each connected in multiple across the leads of a separate circuit with the switch 8 to throw them in or out of circuit, as shown and described. This lighting circuit is entirely independent ofthe signal circuits, neither having electric connections with the other. The object in connecting the lamps in multiple is to insure constant illuminationshould one lamp or the other burn out. signal system possesses another important feature in that both its line circuits, itssemaphores, and com- .pound indicator operating mechanisms are each and all independent of the other, permitting of opposing indications being simultaneously made from both opposite ends of the block at the same time as the following instance will explain: Suppose a. car proceed ing through a block should pass out the very instant a car in the rear of it should enter With this system the first car having passed into the block has set a green signal when entering and a red signal at the distant end, while its indication has been taken and is heldby the signal indicator at each end of the block.

'Now, as the car following in the rear and entering the block would repeat, by adding to both indicationathe car ahead in passing out at the same instant would deduct from both indications, but in doing so it will leave the signals unchanged because a car is still in the block.

This'signa'l system can also be operated from another or separate source of electrical energy, transmitted specially for that purpose along the line or from independ: ent batteries at each end of the section. The voltage c in thisinstance notbeing subject to fluctuations would 40 practically be uniform throughout the entire distance and would permit of magnet coils of much higher rcsistf auce, while the contacting terminal for the signal cir- 'cuits which is operated either by the trolley wheel or shoe, would be directly connected to this special cable.

We have .illustrated in the drawings only a single section upon which cars may accumulate and display the signals and effect the operation of the indicators in the manner hereinbefore described as applicable to a tion having a pair of switches 4 as closely related with single track .road, where cars may travel, in either di rection. Should it be deemed necessary to apply this system on the block signal system it would, of course, only be necessary to duplicate the signals at each starelation to each other as possible, so that independent sets of signals would be displayed for each adjacent section. In this way each section would be operated in the manner described and the accumulation of cars properly indicated upon the indicators and the.suces-' si ve signals properly set and operated as the cars ad- "van'ce 0r recede.

We do not limit our invention to the especial details of construction hercinbeiore described and illustrated of signals at the opposite ends of a section of road to be ment ofthe cars may be effected the signals when once set will not be disturbed after a series of cars have en- This two wire protected and to give indication of such operation and of the number of cars at any time-which are located upon the same, and to operate the signals in such manner that no matter in which'direction the movetered the section, until the last car has been removed therefrom, and this without relation to the direction of motion, it being generically new with us to effect this simultaneous mode of operation of signals and indication of the location of the rolling stock of a railway under all possible conditions of operation but especially when cars simultaneously operate the controlling switches at the opposite ends of a protected section. c l

We believe it is broadly new with us to effect the operation of signals at the opposite ends of a section of roadway to be protected insuch manner that it is not possible by reason of the operation of the-cars themselves, to disarrange or render inoperative the signals controlled or operated by the movement of such cars,

no matter in what order oi entry into the section or what number of cars enter the same within'limits, to be determined by the capacity of the apparatus itself, and whether by the simultaneous entry from opposite ends, or the simultaneous withdrawal therefrom, a feature of novelty and utility which, so far as we are aware,has never before existed, and we wish it understood that our claims hereinafter directed thereto are to be construed as of themost generic *nature, for that .no system, so far as we are aware,,has heretofore been devised which is adapted to eHect these results.

Having thus described our invention what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis--' g 1. In a railway signal system a. section of roadway provided with two signals at each or its opposite ends; two signal controlling magnets therefor at each end, clrcuits clrcult connections and switching devices, whereby when a car enters at either end it sets signals or a definite nature at both ends and when it wlthdrawsdn either direction it restores them to normal, the clrcult relations through the controlling magnets being such that'cars may enter at either end of the sectlon and In any order without disturbing the signals already set by the first car which entered substantlnlly as described.

2. In a railway signal'system a sectlon of railway provlded with two signals at each of its opposite ends, electronragnetlc swltches and electromngnetlcally controlled lndlcators, so arranged that any number of cars may enter l the section, display Independent signals at both ends of the section, and give correct lndlcatlon at eachend thereof 01' the exact number of cars in the section at any timei." the arrangement belng such that any car may leave the section-from either end and give on both indicators deflits indications and leave'the signals still set so long as one or more cars remain on the sectlon;

3. A combined railway signal and indicating system, embracing signals located in pairs at the opposlte ends ot a section of roadway to be protected and one indicator at each end or sald section; in comblnatlon with operating electromagnets, circuits, circuit connections and switches so arranged that one of the two signals is always displayed at each end when any car ls on the section and the lndlcators at both ends give increased or sddatlve lndlcatlon oi. the number of cars in the sectlon as they enter and decreased or subtractive Indication thereof as they leave, no matterlnwhlch direction the movements 0! the same may be. substantially as described. i 1

4. A combined system of signals and Indicators tor a 135 rallwn'y. embracing two signals and one Indicator at each end or a section of roadway and controlling oloetromsgfor the same; together with operating switches adapted to be moved by a car in either direction, and circuit' nets for the signals andlthe indicator; in combination with a current changing switch and an oper ating switch at each end, and means whereby-the operating switches may be actuated by'a' car moving-in either direction, the

'circuit relations through the controlling magnets beingsuch that cars may enter at either end of the section and in anyorder without disturbing the signals alreadyset by the first car which entered, substantially asdescribed.

5. A safety system'of signals and indicators, embracing signals, indicators, and operating or controlling magnets changin switches and mechanicaland electrical interconnection all arranged and acting in, such manner that no car can enter or leave the protected section without giving definite indication thereof substantially as described.

6. In, a safety system for railways two-companion signals, an indicator common to both, and controllingelectro magnets for the signals and the indicator adapted toact thereon, one by the presence of its controlling current, and

the other by theabsence of its controlling current in combination with a circuit changing switch and an operating switch, the-latter being adapted to be moved in op pcsite directions by a moving car as it passes ox'erthe route, substantially as described.

-provlded at each endiwith an electromagnetically c'on- I. In a safety system for railways, means for-safeguarding a section of roadway, embracing two companion signals .at each end of the section and a numerical indicator common to each pair of signals 7 two electromagnets for controlling the signals and the indicators; a circuit changing switch for each pair of signals and an operating switch at each end of the section adapted to be moved in opposite directions-by a car, substantially as described.

8. In a safety system of railwaysa section of roadway trolled indicator; in combination'with switches at each cuit extending'over a pa'rt'of the route;

end adapted to. be operated by a carin opposite directions; together with circuit changingswitches, circuits and circuit connections whereby when. each car enters the section an indication is made on each indicator and the indications are cumulative always in the same direction so long. as cars continu'to enter, and subtractive always in a reverse direction so long as they continue to leave the section, ,no matter which way hey move,- substantially as described. Y

9. In a safety system of railways a section of roadway to be protected; a normally open two-wire control circuit; in combination with an electromagnetically controlled indicator at each end of the section, the arrangement being suchthat ali cars entering the section give cumulative indications of the fact on both indicators, always in the same direction due to the presence of an electrical curfl rentthrough the controlling magnets at both ends of the section, and all cars leaving give subtractive efiect there on. always in a reverse direction when said controlling magnets are demaghetized whereby positive visual indications of the number of cars on the section are'always had atboth ends, substantially as described.

10. In a. railway system a section of railway having an indicator-at each end of the section; a normally open two wire control circuit in combination with switches, circuits.

that the entrance of all cars into the section eit'ect a cumn lative indication on both indicators, always in the same direction due to the presence ofan electrical current through the controllingmagnets at both ends of the secnectio'ns whereby cars on entering in either direction eieccircuit connections and electromagnetic controlling means for the indicators, all so interconnected and arranged .tion, and the departure of all cars produce a subtractive tricafiy eflfect the-display of signals of a definite nature at each end dependent on the entrance ofthe first car and no matteriu which direction the signals at each end being restored to normal conditions'by the application of an'independent force which is established through the agency 12. In a railway signal system a two wire control circult and signals and switches at each end of a section; in combination with asource of electrical energy and switches controlled byjthemovement of a car for varying the circuit relations of thetwo wire circuits'in such manner that the first car to enter the section will establish a display of signals at both ends thereof which indicates its direciion of movement and which will not bevaried'by successive care within limits; and the first car to leave, no matter. in which direction, will 'c'fifect the restoration of the signals tonormal bythe application of an independent forcewhich is established through .the agency of a second electrical current on the departure of ,the car from the section and after such current has stantially as described: 13. A railway signal system havingtwo signalsat each end of each section; two main line control circuits and a circuit changing switch for each pair of signals; in combination with a source of electrical energy; together with a circuit controlling switch at each end of the section adapted to be actuated by a passing car,,the arrangement being such that no matter in which direction cars may enter or withdraw from either or both ends of the section the signals. will be properly displayed, substantially as described.

14. In a signal system for railways two signal control circuits; two signals at each end of a section to be protected; -two control magnets and one controlling switch for each pair of signals; in combination wth circuits, local circuit connections, and operating swit hes, one at ,each end of the section, adapted to be operated by a passing car and all so arranged that signals of different character are simultaneously displayed at the opposite ends of the section when a car enters from either end, and restored to normal when it leaves fromeither end, substantially as describedQ I 15. In a railway signal system a two wire control circuit; a signal embracing a lamp located between two transparent signal disks of different color; in combination with two control magnets each'adapted to place one of the disks before the lamp from-opposite sides; onemagnet acting positively on closure of its circuit and the other reversely on breaking its circuit, substantially as de scribed.

16. A railway signal system embracing main signal control circuits and pairs of signals at the ends of each' section to be protecte g hoperating switches at each end adapted to be moved in pposite directions by a passing car; two control magnets fomcach pair of signals; elec- \tromagnetic switches and-mechanical and electrical connections whereby when both operating switches are simultaneously actuated the signals are not moved from normal positionfsubstantially as described.

17. In a railway signaisystem two signals at each end of a .section of roadway to be protected normally open two-wire control circuit: a source of .elztrical energy; electromagnetic means of control, and circuit and circuit connections whereby, when two cars enter tire section simultaneously from opposite ends thereof, signals are displayed ateach end, due to current flow thiifilghwboth of the .control circuits, and subsequently saidfsigna'ls are restored to normal by reason of the disconti'nhance of the current flow in the opposite direction through the said circuits. a

18. In a railway system a signal at the enteringaend of a section of roadway tobe protected; electrical circuits and circuit connections ,and means controlled by a car on entering the section for efiecting the'display ot the signal; together with means at the distant end of saidsection controlled by the car on leaving the section for eifecting the restoration of the signal to normal; the arrangement being such that said signal is displayed through the action of electrical energy on entering the section and restored been interrupted, subto normal by the application of ,an independent force electrically put into play, no matter in which way the car may leave the section after it has once caused the display ot the signal, substantially as described.

' 19. In a railway system a signal at each end of a section of railway to be protected; electrical circuits and circuit connections, and means controlled by a car on entering the section for effecting the display of both signals, the one hya locally applied electrical current and the other by a current transmitted over the section, the arrangement being such that when a car leaves the section,

no matter in which direction the signals are both restored to normal condition by independent forces broughtinto play, one by a locally applied electrical current and the other by a current transmitted over the section, substantially as described,

20. In a railway system a signal at each end of asection of railway to be protected; two electromotive devices for each signal and means controlled by a car on entering the section for effecting the display of both sig nals, the one by a locally applied electrical current and the other by a current transmitted over, the section, the arrangement being such that when the carieaves the section no matter in which dir'ection the signals are restored to normal by independent forces brought into play, one by a locally applied electrical current and the other by a current.transmitted over the section, substantially as described.

21. in a railway system two signals at or near each end of a section of roadway to be protected; two electromotive devices for each pair of such signals, and means controlled by a car on entering the section in either direction for ettecting the display of one signal of each pair, the first by a locally transmitted electrical current and the other by an electrical current transmitted over the space between the pairs of signals, the arrangement being such that when a car passes directly through the protected section or backs out after having entered the same all signals are displayed by the direct current effects upon the electromotive devices, both local and distant, and restored to normal by independent forces brought into play by both local and distant current effects, substantially as described.

in testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

, WESLESLT. OYIATT.

EDWARD F. LATIMER. WILLIAM GRUNOW, J11. Witnesses:

WM. C. BENEDICT, J. 'l. Nonnn.

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