US1196013A

US1196013A - Carl p

Info

Publication number: US1196013A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1916-08-29
Anticipated expiration: 1933-08-29

Description

C. P. NACHOD & F. W. KULICKE.

ELECTRIC SIGNALING SYSTEM,

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12 1912.

Patented Aug. 29, 1916.

k INVENTOR N W k ATTORNEY aw BY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL P. NACHOD AND FREDERICK W. KULICKE, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIG-NORS, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO NACHOD SIGNAL COMPANY,

INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRIC SIGNALING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug- 29 1916 Application filed March 12, 1912. Serial No. 683,380.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CARL P. NAoHoD and Fnnnniuon W KULICKE, citizens of the United States, residing'in the city of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Electric Signaling System, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to an electric signaling system and more particularly to such a system used in conjunction with an electric railway for controlling traiiic thereon.

It is the object of our invention to provide signaling means which shall afford maximum protection to the traflic and which shall be least liable to derangement and in consequence least liable to give such improper signals as would endanger tratlic. To this we have provided the system hereinafter described.

()ur invention resides in the system and apparatus hereinafter described and claimed.

For an illustration of one of the forms our invention may take,'refere1'ice is to be had to the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagram of the electrical circuits and parts cooperating therewith. Fig. 2 is a detail View illustrating part of the switching mechanism. Y

Referring to the drawing 1 is the trolley wire, third rail, or other contact conductor supplying current to the motors of electric railway vehicles. The conductor 1 is here illustrated as extending throughout a block at whose ends are the turn-outs or sidings beginning at the points 2 and 3. Atthe turn-out 2 is located the signaling apparatus X and at turn-out 3 is located the signaling apparatus Y.

Similar parts at station Y are designated by characters similar to those at station X butwith the addition of prime marks.

At station X the control contactor comprises the contacts at and 5 disposed longitudinally of and in proximity to conductor 1. They are insulated from each other and engaged in succession by the traveling contact such as a trolley wheel carried by a rail way vehicle. When the traveling contact engages either 1 or 5 it brings it into elec trical connection with the conductor 1.

The contact 4. is connected by conductor 6 with the armature 7 of a relay F and the contact 5 1S connected by conductor 8 with the armature 9 ota relay E. The arma-. turesT and 9 normally rest against the

back contacts

10 and 11 and when attracted engage the-front contacts 12 and 13.

Contacts

10 and 13 are connected to each other and contacts 11 and 12 are connected to each other. Oneterminal or" the winding of relay F 1s connected to contacts 12 and 11 and, similarly, one terminal of the winding of the relay E is connected to

contacts

13 and 10. The other terminal of the winding of relay F connects by conductor 14: to one term nal of electro-magnet C whose other terminal connects through resistance 15 with the ground 16 or the rails of the electric railway carrying the return current of the electrlc railway. The other terminal of the wlnding of relay E connects through conductor 17 with one terminal of the electromagnet A whose other terminal connects with earth 16 through resistance 18.

When a car or vehicle passes from left to right under contacts 1 and 5, contact 4 is first brought into connection with the conductor l, and accordingly current flows from contact a through conductor 6, armature 7,

contacts

10 and 13, relay E, conductor 17, electro-magnet A to earth 16. Accordingly electro-magnet E is energized attracting armature 9 away from contact 11 and into engagement with contact 13. When the second contact 5 is reached by the traveling contact current flows through conductor 8,

armature 9, contact 13, electro-magnet E, electro-magnet A. to earth 16, thus retaining the connections the same as when contact l was in circuit. Since the connections are exactly symmetrical for relay F, a car running in opposite direction first makes circuit through contact 5 which energizes relay F, which is maintained energized when the traveling contact'reaches contact 4. When the traveling contact has passed, the armature, 9 or 7, which was attracted, falls to normal position shown.

When the signals are in neutral position, as illustrated, that is, not giving'an indication, there is a circuit from conductor 1 through conductor 19, contact 20, conductor 21,

switch

22, 23, contact 2 1, contact 25, conductor 26, conductor 27 resistance 28, through magnet H to ground 16.

A car entering the block from the turn-out 2, from left to right, causes, due to the action of relay E, a current to flow through magnet A, contacts 29, 30 to earth 16. lVhen the armature of the magnet A is thus attracted it separates contacts 29 and 30 and throws resistance 18 into circuit with magnet A, thus cutting down the current in the magnet A. The energization of magnet A causes the dog 31, Fig. 2, to step the notched wheel 32 around one notch thereby rotating the shaft 33 slightly so that the contact 22 breaks circuit with contact 23, thus breaking the circuit through the magnet H which, being deenergized, releases its armature and accordingly the red disk signal, the stop signal, It is moved by gravity to indicating position indicated by the dotted circle 3%. When this occurs contacts 35 and 36 are bridged by 37 and current accordingly flows through conductor 19, contact 36, member 37', contact 35, through red lamp 7", resistance 38 to earth 16, causing the red lamp 7 to glow and give a red or stop signal corresponding to the red disk B. Ourrent also flows simultaneously through conductor 19, contact 36, member 37 and the interlock signal wire 39', 39 through contacts a and tl, controlled by magnet H, thence through switch 12, 13, which is closed due to the aforementioned rotation of shaft 33, thence through contacts 1st, &5, (in engagement with each other after a car has passed into the block past contacts 4, resistance 46*, magnet D to ground 16. Coil D is ac cordingly energized, attracts its armature, and opens switch a6, 17 thereby throwing resistance 16 into circuit with the winding of magnet D. The attraction of the armature of the magnet D also allows the white disk W to be operated by gravity to move to indicating position 3 1. In moving to indicating position the white or permissive signal W closes circuit between conductor 19 and contact -18, thereby allowing current to flow from conductor 1, through conductor 19, contact 18, white light to, resistance 38 to ground 16. Accordingly by switch 36, 3'7 and

conductor

39, 39 the white signals W and w are interlocked with the red signals R and r, and the relation is such that if the red disk B should stick in the nonindicating position, the magnet D will not be energized, nor will the white signals WV, '10 indicate. Furthermore it is evident that this interlocking is mutual; and that if, for instance, the white disk should stickin the indicating position, irrespective of the state of the coil D, or should be raised by hand to indicating position, then the magnet H will be deenergized by the opening of the switch at 20 and cause the red disk R to move to indicating position 3 1. And if the magnet 1-1 should fail on a clear block, either by the open circuiting or short circuit ing of its winding, its armature consequently dropping, the red disk It will be displayed, but the white disk W at the other station will not be displayed, since the circuit is open at contacts 12, 43.

Every impulse of current through magnet A, as in the case of a. car passing contacts #1 and 5 from turn-out 2 into the block, rotates the revolving switch, shown in Fig. 2, one notch in clockwise direction, and every impulse of-current in coil C, as a result of a car leaving the block to the turnout 2, from right to left, rotates the revolving switch one notch in counter-clockwise direction. Therefore if the signals are neutral or at their non-indicating positions when there is no car in the block, after all the cars entering the block have left the block the signals will again resume their neutral positions. The clearing magnets C and C" with the control wire a9, a9 and its associated

revolving switches

50, 51 and 50, 51 together with

contacts

52, 53 and 52, 53, are used to control the restoration of the signals. Therefore when a car goes completely through the block from left to right it will set white or permissive signals at the entering end and stop or red signals at the leaving end. As it leaves the block at turnout 3, in passing contacts 5 and a, there will be closed, it is true, a local circuit through the coil C, but this will have no effect on the revolving switch at station Y, since the stop 51, on wheel 32, is engaged against the stationary stop 55, in the normal position of the revolving switches, so that energization of magnet C cannot rotate the revolving switches at station Y in a counter-clockwise direction beyond the position shown in Fig. 2. Current will, however, pass over wire 56 through re volving switch 50, 51, through control wire 19, $9 to station X, through contacts 52, 53, and conductor 56, through magnet C to ground 16. Magnet C is accordingly energized and rotates the revolving switch in a counter-clockwise direction to its normal position, where stops 5% and engage, as indicated in Fig. 2. This closes

contacts

22, 23 and opens the circuit of magnet D at contact as. The magnet D being new deenergized, the white disk W is restored 'to neutral or non-indicating position, breaking the circuit of white light to and closing circuit at 20. The circuit through magnet ET is accordingly reestablished through contact 20 and through

contacts

22 and 23, as previously described; and the magnet H accordingly restores the red disk 3 to the non-indicating position, and extinguishes the red light 9".

If a car should enter the block from the left and pass under

contacts

4 and 5, it will, as above described, set the white signals at station X and the red signals at station Y. In backing out again from right to left under contacts 5 and a it will close a local circuit through the coil C which will restore the revolving switch at station X to its original position, thereby restoring all signals to neutral or non-indicating positions, as above described. But simultaneously with energization of magnet C, magnet C is also energized through conductor 56, contacts 52 and 53, control wire &9, a9, and revolving switch 51. But there will be no rotation of the revolving switch at station Y on account of the mechanical stops 54c, 55

ab ve referred to.

Should a car enter the block, for example from the left, setting the white signals at station X and the red signals at station Y, and a car should thereafter enter the block from the right against the red or stop signal so displayed at station Y, then the revolving switch at both stations will be rotated in clockwise direction, coils H and H will be deenergized, and red signals will be displayed at both stations. (When the red disk is indicating, the white disk at the same station cannot be displayed at the same time, since the display of. the red signal opens the circuit of the magnet D or D at contacts 40, "I1, or 0, 41. Furthermore we prefer to place the red disk in front of the white disk and. if both were moved to display position, as by hand, the white disk would be hidden by the red disk, that is, the red disk would appear at indicating position and would hide the white disk also at indicating position.) When the car which entered from the right backs out of the occupied block, in

passing under

contacts

5 and 4, it will cause coil C to be energized to restore the revolving switch at station Y to normal, thereby restoring the signals to the same condition as before the entrance of that car into the block from the right. hen the coil C is thus energized, magnet C cannot be energized since the control wire &9, L9 is open at 50.51 and contacts 52, 53 will not be closed while the traveling contact on the car is on contacts 5 0rd. 1 Since the contacts 24:, 25 controlling the circuit of the magnet H are held open due to the presence of the traveling car contact on contact l or 5, the closure of the contacts 52, 53 by the magnet H is prevented.

The contacts 57 58 normally short circuit resistance 15; and contacts 59 and 60 are adapted to short circuit resistance 28.

From the'foregoing description it is apparent that for movements inopposite directions over a single track road the signals are normally non-in dicating or neutral; but that when a stop signal has been set at the far end of the block by a car leaving a turn-out or siding to enter the block, a permissive signal will be displayed to the car as evidence of such movement. The permissive signal is interlocked with the stop signal through wire 89, 39 in such manner that it cannot be displayed unless the stop signal is indicating.

This system is capable of securing the highest degree of safety, and no failure such as would give a permissive signal without stop signal at the other end of the block bein breaking of any line wire, the open circuiting or short circuiting of any operating magnet coil, the sticking of any armature, etc.

In a normal condition of the block with signals neutral, the stop signal is prevented from indicating by the continuous energization of magnet H, a separate signal wire 26 or 2?,and revolving

switch

22, 23 being used for each stop signal. A car entering the block sends a momentary current through coil A, breaking the circuit, at the station where entry is made, of the magnet H at the distant station. The distant stop signal then moves to indicating position by gravity. showing a red disk and red light, and when it has so moved it closes circuit through the interlock wire 39, 89 and the magnet D displays the white disk and white light at the home station as proof that the red signal is indicating at the distant station. The electric lamps are operated by the disks in such manner that when a disk comes to an indicating position the circuit of the corresponding lamp, placed behind a lens, is closed. i

The arrangement for clearing the signals or restoring them to normal neutral posis tion bymeans of control wire 49 and magnet C, is general; and a car or cars in the block may leave at either end singly or in any combination, the signals being neutral only when all the cars have left the block. Since the circuits for displaying stop signals are in duplicate and independent of each other,

it is evident that cars may approach each;

other and reach opposite ends of the block at the sameor successive instants'with precisely the same ultimate effect on the signals. And the clearing arrangement is such that when acar enters the block against a stop signal, thereby setting a stop signal at theopposite end of the block, on backing out from the block it will restore the signals to the positions they held'before the car entered the block. These features produce the following desirable and universal operation: Should a car enter a block, having set the signals, and remain in the block, then cars entering and backing out at either end ofthe block, whether against a permissive or stop signal, will not change the stop signal displayed can occur because-of the 40 a man that his car has registered upon the as set by the first car entering the block. When all the cars except the first one have left the block, when the first one leaves the block the signals will be restored to normal.

It is to be understood that our invention is not limited to the employment of relays E and F for the control of magnets A and C, but that any other suitable contacting device controlled by a moving car may be employed. Thus, for example, a mechanical switch may be operated by a traveling contact, such switch in one direction of movement causing energization of magnet A, and with opposite direction of movement causing energization of magnet C.

It is to be understood also that more than one car may be in the block at the same time. For each car entering the block the revolving switch is stepped around one notch, but after the entry of the first car and the first movement of the revolving switch, the switch does not change the circuit connections; and each car leaving the block causes the return of the revolving switch one notch, until finally when all cars have passed off the block the revolving switch is back at normal.

The switch 44, 45 may be termed the blinker switch because upon each energization of magnet A upon the entry of each vehicle into the block after the entry of the first the switch 44, 45 is momentarily opened to cause momentary deenergization of magnet D with resultant temporary and more or less complete return movement of the white signal WV toward neutral, and with consequent temporary interruption of current through white lamp to. This dipping of the signal 'W and the temporary extinguishment of lamp 10 indicates to the motorstep by step car counting mechanism.

The revolvlng switch at each statlon comprises the shaft 33, Fig. 2, upon which is secured the notched wheel 32 with which the dogs 31 and 31 are adapted to engage to rotate the shaft 33 step by step. The dogs 31 and 31 are pivoted upon the members the stop 54 on wheel 32 against the stationary stop 55.

Three switches are simultaneously actuated by the shaft 33.

Switch

22, 23 is normally closed but upon the first actuation of shaft 33 the projection 22 is withdrawn from under contact 22, thus opening the switch. And the same is true of switch 50, 51 since the projection 51 is withdrawn from under the contact 51. In normal position the contact 41 of the third switch rests upon insulating material 41 and upon rotation of the shaft 33 the contact 41 passes on to conducting material and comes into electrical communication with contact 42. The several switches are, of course, insulated from each other.

. What we claim is 1. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal at the distantend of said block, a normally energized magnet preventing display of said stop signal, a switch at the home end of said block controlling said magnet at said distant end, means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into said block at said home end actuating said switch to denergize said magnet, a signal clearing magnet at the distant end of said block, a signal clearing conductor through which said magnet is adapted to be energized from the opposite end of the block, and a switch controlling connection between said clearing magnet and said clearing magnet conductor held closed when said stop signal magnet is energized.

2. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal at the distant end of said block, a magnet therefor normally energized from the home end of said block, a switch at the home end of said block, means at the home end of said block responsive to the entry of a vehicle into said block actuating said switch to deenergize said magnet, a permissive signal at'the home end, an independent conductor controlling said permissive signal and extending to the distant end of said block, and a switch at the distant end of said block closed by the release of the armature of said stop signal magnet upon deenergization thereof, the closure of said switch causing display of said permissive signal at the home end of said block.

3. In a signaling system, a block section,

a stop signal at the distant end of said block, a normally energized magnet preventing display of said stop signal, a switch at the home end of said block controlling said stop signal magnet at the distant endof said block, means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into said block at the home end actuating said switch to deenergize said magnet, a signal clearing magnet at the home end of said block, independent stop. signal and signal clearing magnet conductors extending between theends of said block, means at the distant end of said block responsive to de parture of a vehicle from the block at the distant end causing energization of said clearing magnet through said clearing magnet conductor, a normally energized stop signal magnet at the home end of said block, and a switch controlling connection between said clearing magnet and said clearing magnet conductor held closed by said last named normally energized stop signal magnet.

4:. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal at the home and distant ends of said block, independent stop signal magnet conductors extending between the ends of said block, a magnet at each end of said block normally energized through one of said independent conductors from the opposite end of the block preventing display of the stop signal at the same end of the block with said magnet, a switch at the home end of said block in one of said conductors controlling the stop signal magnet at the distant end of said block, means responsive to entry of a vehicle into said block at the home end actuating said switch to deenergize the stop signal magnet at the distant end of the block, a signal clearing magnet at the home end of the block, means responsive to departure of a vehicle from the block at the distant end causing energizati'on of said clearing magnet, a signal clearing magnet at the distant end of the block simultaneously energized with said clearing magnet at the home end of the block, a switch adapted to be actuated in one direction by said clearingmagnet at the distant end of the block, means for actuating said last named switch in opposite direction, and a stop preventing movement of said last named switch when said clearing magnet at said distant end of the block is energized.

5. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal at the distant end of said block, a normally energized magnet preventing display of said stop signal, a switch at the home end of said block controlling said magnet at said distant end, means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into said block at said home end actuating said switch to deenergize said magnet, a permissive signal at the home end of said block, a magnet for controlling the same, a switch at the distant end closed when the stop signal is there displayed, the closure of said switch causing energization of said permissive signal mag net, whereby said permissive signal is displayed, and a switch controlled by the permissive signal at the home end, said switch opening when said permissive signal is displayed, whereby the circuit of the stop signal magnet at the distant end is opened at a second point.

6. In a signaling system, a block section, step-by-step mechanism at the home end of said block, a permissive signal at the home end of said block, a stop signal at the dis tant end of said block, independent line conductors for said signals, a magnet normally energized from the home end of said block switch at the home end of said block operated with said step-by-step mechanism, means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into the block for actuating said step-by-step mechanism and opening said switch todeenergize said stop signal magnet, and a switch at the distant end of the block controlling said permissive signal, said last named switch actuated in response to the display of said stop signal at the distant end of the block.

7. In a signaling system, a block section, a step by step switch at each end of the block, a stop signal and a permissive signal at each end of the block, a stop signal magnet at each end of the block, the stop signal magnet at each end of the block normally energized through the step-by-step switch at the other end of the block to prevent display of the stop signal, means responsive to the entry of a car to the block for displaying the permissive signal at the home end, a second switch in the circuit of the stop signal magnet at the home end of the block and means operative upon display of the per-' missive signal at the home end of the block for opening said second switch.

8. In a signaling system, a block section, step by step mechanism at the home end of said block, a switch at the home end of the block, a stop signal at the distant end of the block, a permissive signal at the home end of the block, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of the block normally energized through said switch to prevent display of the stop signal, means responsive to the entry of a car into the block for actuating said step-by-step mechanism and opening said switch and for displaying the permissive signal at the home end, a second switch in the circuit of the stop signal magnet at the home end of the block, means operative upon display of the permissive signal at the home end of the block for opening said second switch, a clearing magnet at the home end of the block, and a switch at the home end of the block controlling the clearing magnet at the same end of the block.

9. In a signaling system, a block section, a switch at each end of the block, a stop signal and a permissive signal at each end of the block, a stop signal magnet at each end of the block, the stop signal magnet at each end of the block normally energized through the one of said switches at the other end of the block to prevent display of the stop signal, means responsive to the entry of a car to the block for displaying the permissive signal at the home end, a second switch in the circuit of the stop signal magnet at the home end of the block, means operative upon display of the permissive signal at the home end of the block for opening said sec ond switch, a clearing magnet at each end of preventing display of said stop signal, a the block, and a switch controlling said clearing magnet at the same end of the block controlled by the stop signal magnet at the same end or" the block.

10. In a signaling system, a block section, a switch at each end of the block, a stop signal and a permissive signal at each end of the block, a stop signal magnet at each end of the block, the stop signal magnet at each end of the block normally energized through the one of said switches at the other end of the block to prevent display of the stop signal, means responsive to the entry of a car to the block for displaying the permissive signal at the home end, a second switch in the circuit of the stop signal magnet at the home end of the block, means operative upon display of the permissive signal at the home end of the block for opening said second switch, a signal clearing magnet at each end of the block, a switch at the same end of the block controlling said clearing magnet, and a switch controlling said clearing magnet and controlled by the stop signal magnet at the same end of the block.

11. In a signaling system, a block section, a step-by-step mechanism at the home end of the block, a permissive signal at the home end of the block, a stop signal at the distant end of the block, a stop signal magnet normally energized to prevent display of said stop signal, a switch closed upon display of said stop signal to display the permissive signal at the home end of said block, and means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into said block at the home end to shift said step-by-step mechanism, switches actuated bysaid mechanism, and permis sive signal and stop signal magnet circuits closed and opened respectively by said switches.

12. In a signaling system, 'a block section, a step-by-step switch at the home end of the block, a permissive signal at the home end of the block, a stop signal at the distant end of the block, a stop signal magnet normally energized to prevent display of said stop signal, a switch closed upon display of said stop signal to display the permissive signal at the home end of said block, means responsive to the entry of the first vehicle into said block at the home end to shift said step-by-step switch to open the circuit of said stop signal magnet at the distant end of the block, a stop signal magnet at the home station normally energized from the distant station, and a switch controlling the circuit of said permissive signal held closed by said stop signal magnet at the home station.

13. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal at each end thereof, a stop signal magnet for each stop signal, said stop signal magnets normally energized from opposite ends of said block through independent conductors, a signal clearing magnet at each end of the block, a clearing magnet control conductor extending between the ends of the block, and a switch at each end of the block in said control conductor, said switch controlled by the stop signal magnet at that end of the block.

14. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal and a stop signal magnet at each end of said block, a switch at each end of the block through which each stop signal magnet at the opposite end of the block is normally energized through an independent conductor, a permissive signal. at each end of the block, a switch controlled by each stop signal magnet controlling the permissive signal at the opposite end of the block, and a vehicle controlled switch at each end of the block controlling said first named switch at the same end of the block.

15. In a signaling system, block section, a stop signal and a stop signal magnet at each end of said block, each stop signal magnet normally energized from the opposite end of the block through an independent conductor, a permissive signal at each end of the block, a switch controlled by each stop signal controlling the permissive signal at the opposite end of the block, a conductor extending between the ends of the block for controlling said permissive signals and a switch in said conductor at each end of the block normally held closed during energization of said stop signal magnets.

16. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal and a stop signal magnet at each end of the block, each stop signal magnet normally energized from the opposite end of the block through an independent conductor, a permissive signal at each end of the block, a conductor extending between the ends of said block controlling said permissive signals, a switch controlled by each stop signal controlling a permissive signal at the opposite end of the block, and a step by step switch at each end of the block controlling said conductor.

17. In a signaling system, a block section, step by step mechanism at each end of the block, a setting magnet for actuating said step by step mechanism a step for each vehicle entering the block, a switch actuated by said step by step mechanism, a stop signal at the opposite end of the block controlled by said switch, a clearing magnet for restoring said step by ste mechanism, and a switch in series with said first named switch opened upon energization of said clearing magnet.

18. In a signaling system, a block section, a step by step mechanism at each end of the block, a setting magnet for actuating said step by step mechanism, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of the block, a switch at the home end of the block through which said stop signal magnet is normally energized, said switch opened by said step by step mechanism upon the entry of the first vehicle into the block, a clearing magnet for returning said step by step mechanism toward normal, and a switch controlling said clearing magnet and opened by said step by step mechanism upon the entry of the first vehicle into said block.

19. In a signaling system, a block section, a step by step mechanism at each end of the block, a stop signal magnet and a permissive signal at each end of the block, a switch at the home end of the block controlling the stop signal magnet at the other end of the block and a switch at the home end of the block controlling the permissive signal at the home end of the block, said step by step mechanism actuating said switches to open and closed positions respectively in response to the entry of the first vehicle into said block, and a switch at one end of the block closed upon display of the stop signal at that end of the block to control the permissive signal at the opposite end of the block.

20. In a signaling system, a block section, a step by step mechanism at each end of the block, a stop signal magnet and a permissive signal at each end of the block, a switch at the home end of the block and connections controlling the stop signal magnet at the other end of the block and a switch at the home end of the block controlling the permissive signal at the home end of the block, said step by step mechanism actuating said switches to open and closed positions respectively in response to the entry of the first vehicle into said block, said stop signal magnets normally energized from opposite ends of the block through independent signal conductors.

21. In a signaling system, a block section, a step by step mechanism at each end of the block, a stop signal magnet and a permissive signal at each end of the block, a switch at the home end of the block controlling the stop signal magnet at the other end of the block, a switch at the home end of the block controlling the permissive signal at the home end of the block, said step by step mechanism actuating said switches to open and closed positions respectively in response to the entry of the first vehicle into said block, said stop signal magnets normally energized from opposite ends of the block through independent signal conductors, and another conductor extending between the ends of said block controlling said permissive signals, said stop signal and permissive signal conductors controlled respectively by said switches.

2-2. In a signaling system, a block section, a step by step mechanism at each end of the block, a stop signal magnet and a permissive signal at each end of the block,

a stop signal controlled by said stop signal magnet, a switch at the home end of the block controlling the stop signal magnet at the other end of the block, a switch at the home end of the block controlling the per missive signal at the home end of the block, said step by step mechanism actuating said switches to open and closed positions respectively in response to the entry of the first vehicle into said block, said stop signal magnets normally energized from opposite ends of the block through independent signal conductors, another conductor extending between the ends of said block controlling said permissive signals, said stop signal and permissive signal conductors controlled respectively by said switches, and a switch closed upon display of a stop signal for causing display of the permissive signal at the other end of the block through said permissive signal conductor.

23. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal at each end of said block, a stop signal magnet for each stop signal, said stop signal magnets normally energized from opposite ends of the block through independent conductors, a permissive signal at each end of the block, a conductor independent of the conductors for said stop signal magnets controlling said permissive signals, and a switch controlling said conductor and the permissive signal at one end of the block controlled by the stop signal magnet at the other end of said block, whereby said permissive signal cannot be displayed until the stop signal at the other end of the block is displayed.

24. In a signaling system, a block sec tion, means at each end of said block for setting signals thereat, aclearing magnet at each end of the block, a conductor extending between said clearing magnets, a pair of switches in parallel with each other and in series in said conductor at each end of said block, said switches controlled by said signal setting means.

25. In a signaling system, a block section, means at each end of said block for setting signals thereat, a clearing magnet at each end of the block, a conductor extending between said clearing magnets, a pair of normally closed switches in parallel with each other and in series in said 0011- duetor at each end of said block, one switch of a pair controlled by the signal setting means at the same end of the block, and the other switch of a pair controlled from the other end of said block.

26. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal at each end of said block, a stop signal magnet for each stop signal, said stop signal magnets energized from opposite ends of said block through independent conductors, a clearing magnet at each end of the block, a conductor independent of said stop signal conductors extending between said clearing magnets, a pair of switches in parallel with each other and in series with said conductor at each end of said block, one switch of a pair opened in response to the entry of a vehicle into said block, and the other switch of said pair opened when the stop signal at the same station is displayed.

27. In a signaling system, a block section. a step by step mechanism at each end of the block, a setting magnet for actuating said step by step mechanism, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of the block, a switch at the home end of the block through which said stop signal magnet is normally energized, said switch opened by said step by step mechanism upon the entry of the first vehicle into said block, a clearing magnet controlled from the distant end of the block for returning said step by step mechanism toward normal, and a second switch at the home end of the block controlling said stop signal magnet controlled by said clearing magnet.

28. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of the block normally energized from the home end of said block, a permissive signal at the home end of said block, a switch at the distant end of the block controlled by the stop signal magnet thereat through which said permissive signal is controlled, a second normally open switch at the home end of the block cont-rolling said permissive signal, and means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into the block at the home end for deenergizing said stop signal magnet and for closing said second switch.

29. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of the block normally energized from the home end of said block, a permissive signal at the home end of said block, a switch at the distant end of the block controlled by the stop signal magnet thereat through which said permissive signal is controlled, a second normally open switch at the home end of the block controlling said permissive signal, means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into the block at the home end for deenergizing said stop signal magnet and for closing said second switch, a normally energized stop signal magnet at the home station, and a third switch normally held closed by said last named magnet controlling said permissive signal.

30. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of the block normally energized from the home end of said block, a permissive signal at the home end of said block, a switch at the distant end of the block controlled by the stop signal magnet thereat through which said permissive signal is Controlled, a second normally open switch at the home end of the block controlling said permissive signal, means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into the block at the home end for dee'nergizing said stop signal magnet and for closing said second switch, a signal clearing magnet, and a normally closed switch controlling the same opened by said means.

31. In a signaling system, a block section, car counting mechanism at the home end of said block, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of said block normally energized from the home end 01". said block, means for interrupting the circuit of said stop signal magnet upon first actuation of said car counting mechanism, a clearing magnet at the home end of the block for actuating said mechanism in reversed direction, and a normally closed switch in the circuit of said stop signal magnet controlled by said clearing magnet.

32. In a signaling system, a. block section, a stop signal at the distant end of said block, a magnet at said distant end of said block controlling said stop signal and normally energized from the home end of said block to prevent display of said stop signal, means operative upon the entry of a vehicle into said block at the home end for deenergizing said stop signal magnet, signal clearing magnets at the home and distant ends of said block, a stop signal magnet at the home end of said block, a conductor common to said clearing magnets, and switches controlled by said stop signal magnets at both ends of said block in said common conductor.

33. In a signaling system, a block section, stop signal magnets at the ends of said block normally simultaneously energized from opposite ends of said block, means responsive to the entry of a vehicle into said block at either end for deenergizing the stop signal magnet at the other end, signal clearing magnets at opposite ends of said block conneeted in parallel with each other, a pair of clearing magnet controlling switches in parallel with each other at each end of'the block, one of each pair of switches normally held closed by the normally energized stop signal magnet at the same end of the block, and the other switch of a pair opened by said means upon entry of a vehicle into said block.

34. In a signaling system, the combination with a block section, of a stop signal at the distant end of said block biased toward indicating position, a stop signal controlling magnet at the dist-ant end of said block normally energized from the home end of said block to prevent indication of said signal, a switch in the circuit of said magnet at the home end of said block, means for opening said switch in response to the entry of a vehicle into said block at the home end thereof to cause display of said signal, signal clearing magnets at opposite ends of said block connected in parallel with each other, and a pair of clearing magnet switches connected in parallel with each other at each end of 5 said block, one switch of a pair controlled by said means, and the other controlled by the stop signal magnet at the same end of the block.

In a signaling system, the combination with a block section, of a stop signal magnet at the distant end of said block normally energized through one conductor from the home end of said block, a switch in the circuit of said magnet at the home end of said block, means for opening said switch in response to the entry of a vehicle into said block at the home end thereof, means controlled from, the distant end of said block through another conductor for again closing said switch upon departure of a vehicle from said block at the distant end thereof, and a second switch at the home end of said block controlled by said second named means and controlling the stop signal magnet at the distant end of said block. I

36. In a signaling system, a block section, a step by step mechanism at each end of said block, a setting magnet for actuating said step by step mechanism, a stop signal at the distant end of said block biased toward indicating position, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of said block, a switch at the home end of said block through which said stop signal magnet is normally energized to prevent indication by said signal, said switch opened by said step by step mechanism upon the entry of the first vehicle into said block, restoring magnets and connections for returning said step by step mechanisms toward normal position, a conductor extending between the ends of said block connecting said restoring magnets in parallel with each other, a switch controlling said conductor controlled by said step by-step mechanism at the home end of said block, and a switch controlling said conductor controlled by the stop signal magnet at the distant end of said block.

37. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal magnet at the distant end of said block normally energized from the home end of said block, normally closed switches at the home end of said block responsive to vehicle movements in different directions, one of said switches controlling deenergization of said stop signal magnet, and a signal restoring magnet for actuating said switches controlled by another of said switches.

38. In a signaling system, a block section, a stop signal at the distant end of said block, a normally energized magnet preventing display of said stop signal, a switch at the home end of said block controlling said a magnet at said distant end, means at the home end of said block responsive to the entry of a vehicle into said block actuating said switch to, decnergize said magnet, a per-- missive signal at the home end of said block, a switch at the distant end of said block closed in response to display of said stop signal, the closure of said last named switch causing display of said permissive signal at said home station.

39. In a signaling system, a block section, step-by-step mechanism at each end of said block, electromagnets for actuating said step-by-step mechanism in opposite directions, switching mechanism actuated with said step-by-step mechanism, a signal controlled by said switching mechanism, a stop preventing actuation of said step-by-step mechanism by one of said electro-magnets in any other than a predetermined direction, a conductor extending between the ends of said block connecting said last named electro-magne-ts at opposite ends of said block in parallel with each other, and a normally closed switch in said conductor at each end of the block controlled by the stepby-step mechanism at the same end of said block.

40. In a signaling system, a block section, stop signals and permissive signals at both ends of said block, a magnet for each stop signal, said magnets normally energized from opposite ends of said block through independent conductors for preventing display of said stop signals, means at each end of said -block responsive to the entry of a vehicle into said block for deenergizing the stop signal magnet at the other end of the block, a permissive signal conductor eX- tending between ends of said block independently of said stop signal magnet conductors, and a switch in said permissive signal conductor closed in response to deenergization of a stop signal magnet at one end of said block to cause display of the permissive signal at the opposite end of said block.

41. In a signaling system, a block section, stop and permissive signals at each end thereof, a stop signal magnet for each stop signal, said stop signal magnet normally energized from opposite ends of said block through independent conductors, a signal clearing magnet at each end of the block, a clearing magnet control conductor extending between the ends of the block, a switch at each end of the block in said clearing magnet control conductor, each of said switches in said clearing magnet control conductor controlled by a stop signal magnet, a permissive signal conductor extending between the ends of said block independently of said stop signal magnet and clearing magnet control conductors, and a switch in said permissive signal conductor closed upon denergization of a stop signal magnet at one end of said block to display the permissive signal at the opposite end of said block.

42. In a signaling system, a block section, step-by-step mechanism at each end of said block, means responsive to vehicle movements into and out of said block controlling said step-by-step mechanisms, stop and permissive signals at each end of said block, a stop signal magnet for each stop signal, said stop signal magnets normally energized from opposite ends of said block through independent conductors, a permissive signal conductor extending between the ends of said block independently of said stop signal magnet conductors, switches at each end of said block controlling the circuits through one of said stop signal magnet conductors and said permissive signal conductor, said switches actuated by said means.

43. In a signaling system, a block section, step-by-step mechanism at each end of said block, means responsive to vehicle movements into and out of said block controlling said step-by-step mechanisms, stop and permissive signals at each end of said block, a stop signal magnet for each stop signal, said stop signal magnets normally energized from opposite ends of said block through independent conductors, a permissive signal conductor extending between the ends of said block independently of said stop signal magnet conductors, switches at each end of said block controlling the circuits through one of said stop signal magnet conductors and said permissive signal conductor, said switches actuated with said step-by-step mechanisms, the permissive signal conductor and the stop signal magnet conductor switches at one end of the block being simultaneously closed and opened respectively.

44. In a signaling system, a block section, stop and permissive signals at each end thereof, a stop signal magnet for each stop signal, said stop signal magnets normally energized from opposite ends of said block through independent conductors, a signal clearing magnet at each end of the block, a clearing magnet control conductor extending between the ends of the block, a permissive signal control conductor extending between the ends of said block independently of said stop signal magnet and clearing magnet control conductors, and a switch in said permissive signal conductor closed upon deenergization of a stop signal magnet at one end of said block to display the permissive signal at the opposite end of said block.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto affixed our signatures in the presence of the two subscribing Witnesses.

CARL P. NACHOD. FREDERICK W. KULICKE. lVitnesses:

ETHEL L. FERGUSON, ELEANOR T. MGCALL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Washington, I). G.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 1,196,013

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,196,013, granted August 29, 1916, upon the application of Carl P. N achod and Frederick W. Kulicke, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for an improvement in Electric Signaling Systems, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 9, line 114, claim 41, for the Word magnet read magnets; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 21st day of November, A. D., 1916.

F. W. H. CLAY,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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