US857191A - Automatic motor-controlling apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JUNE 18 1907.

F. W. NEWELL. AUTOMATIC MOTOR CONTROLLING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 13, 1905.

-UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK ll'. XElYllLL' OF HAS'llNGS-UPOY-llUDSON, NEW YORK, AS'

SIGNOR TO OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY) A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

AUTOMATIC MOTOR-CONTROLLING APPARATUS.-

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 18, 1907.

Application filed November 13,1905. Serial No. 286,998-

10 means and'one of its objects is the provision of simple and eihclent means for slowing down the speed of an electric motor when said motor is run by some mechanical means, such as the loadoi an elevator overrunning 1 5 its gear. 1 g

Other obiects of the invention will appear hereinafter, the novel combinations of elements being pointed out in thc'claims.

In theaccbmpanying drawings Figure 1 -represents diagrammatically a system of cir cuits and apparatusfor slowing down an elecric motor which maybe employed to operate elevator apparatus; and. Fig. 2-represents diagrammatically my invention when employed 2 as a means for stopping an electric motor,

Referring to Fig. 1, L designates a twopole main line switch connected to the. mains and An elevator car is diagrammatically represented at O and in the car is a go manually actuated switch 0 which is electrically connected to the reversing switch B. Any suitable hoisting apparatus driven by "the motor M may be used to operate the car. Associated with the motor-armature are the accelerating magnet, A, series field S and [starting resistance 1, and shunt field If.

- designates a relay for automatically c0ntrol ling the resistances 3 and 4.

I The reversing switch R comprises a lever 5 0 which is. pivoted at 6 and normally held in j central position by the springs .7 and 8. At

9.to the upper or outer end of the lever 5 is pivoted the rod 10, said rod connecting the cores 1 1 and 11, which are adapted to be actuated by the solenoids 12 and 12. 'These.

solenoids are connected by means of the wires 7 5 and 75 to the fixed contacts 13 and 13, respectively, of the operating-switch O. Adapted to engage either of these. contacts is a switch lever 14, which is electrically con nected by wire 42 to themain 21.

The reversingswitchlcver 5 comprises theinsulated bridge pieces 15 and 1-6, the bridge piece 15 being arranged to connect contacts the negative main 36.

l7, 18, or the contacts 17, bridge piece 16 being adapted to connect the contacts 19, 20, or the contacts 18, 20.

These contacts are suitably connected to the motor M, the resistances 3 and 4. and the series field S.

. The relay 2 comprises a coil 22 woundon the core 23 and connected directly across the mains 21 and 36 by means of the wire 24.

This wire 24 is also connected at the points 25and 25 to solenoids 12 and 12. Also wound on the core 23 is a coil 27, which is connected to the positive main 21 at 40, and also to the resistance 3. The core :23 is adapted to act on the armature 43, which is pivoted at 44 to move contact 45, carried by the armature-lever, into engagement with the fixed contact 46. v

The shunt field is connected. across th mains between the points 40, 41 by means of the wires 38 and 39, and accelerating magnet A is connected directlyacross the motor-armature.

In the operation of the system shown in 19, and the v Fig. 1 the mainline switch L is closed, whereupon the coil 22 receives current to energize its core 23 to effect the engagement of the contacts 45 and 46. The shunt field F will also be excited. If the switch lever 14 is moved tothe right so as to engage the contact -13, a circuit will be established from main'21, through wire 42, the switch lever 14, contact 13, wire 75, solenoid 12, wire 24 to The coil 12 will therefore be energized to move its core 11, and consequently the reversing switch lever 5 to the left so as to connect contacts 17 and 18,

and also the contacts 19 and 20. A circuit will now be estal'ilish'ed through the motor armature, which may be traced from the positive main Z'Lthrough the winding 27 of the relay 2, contacts 46 and 45, wire 48, wire 28, contact 17,, bridge piece 15,,contact 18, wire 33, armature brush 32, armature 31, brush 30, wire29contact 19, bridge piece 16, contact 20, wires '34 and 35, series field S, starting resistance 1 and the negative main 36, The motor M will now start and operate the hoisting apparatus to move the car up or the motor in the opposite direction, switch 14 down as desired. If itis desired to operate is brought on to the contact 13,'whereupon the solenoid 12. will be energized to move the reversing switch lever 5 to its right-hand position to connect the contacts 17, 19 and also the contacts 18, 20, thereby reversing the.

direction of current through the motor-armature 31 to move the car in the opposite direction. As the motor increases in speed the energization of the accelerating magnet A is gradually increased to successively operate the switches 37 to cut out or short circuit the series field S and the resistance 1 step-by-step in the well-knoivn manner.

It should be noted that the winding 27 assists the winding 22 in energizing the core 23, causing the latter to hold the armature 43 in its upper position so long as current is flowing from the main 21 through said coils to the wire 24 and resistance 3, respectively. Should the 'car C attain an excessive speed and thereby drive the motor M forward, or as a generator, current will be sent back into the line through coil 27 in a-direction opposite to that in which the current flowed therethrough when the-motor M was doing worln The coil 27 will therefore neutralize the effect of the coil 22 and allow the armature 43 to drop, soas to disconnect cont-acts and 46 and insert resistance 3 in circuit with the motor M, which is now acting as a generator. This will have the effect of reducing the amt writ of current which would otherwise be sent out to the line and also to shunt more current through the resistance 4, which is placed across the motor-armature 31 by the engagement of the contacts 45 and 47. This local circuit comprising the resistance 4 and armature"'31, will constitute an (ale'otro-dynamig brake, and may be traced from brush 32 through wire 33, contact 18, bridge piece 15, contact 17, wires 28 and 48, contacts 45 and 47," resistance 4,'wire 34, contact 20, bridge piece 16, contact 19 and wire .29 to brush 30. The ultimate effect of the insertion of the resistance 3 and the establishment of the electro=dynamic brake circuit will be to immediately bring the motor M to a slow speed or to such a speed where the main line potential again acts to drive the motor M and cause the same to do work. When the motor M again receives current from the line the armature 43 will be automatically lifted by the differentially-vvoundrelay magnet to disconnect the contacts 45 and 47 and connect the contacts 45 and 46, so that the system will again assume its normal operation.

In Fig. 2 I have shown 'a relay2- which similar to the relay 2 of Fig. 1, in that it is doubly wound and is connected in a similar manner, but instead .of controlling resistances, as 3, 4 of Fig. .1, said relay controls one of its own windings,

50 designates a main line-switch which, in

this instance, is shown provided with manual a means 62 for initially closing said switch by moving the contacts 53, and 71 into engagement with-thefixed contacts 50 and 72.

A current will then flow-from the positive main to contacts 52 and 53 and by way of wire 21 throu h solenoid 22 and wire 24 to wire 36, and t 72 to the negative main. The core 23, will therefore be magnetized to attract its armature 43 against the action of the spring 55 to move the contact 45 into engagement with the fixed contact 56 The lever 77 carrying the armature 43 is pivoted at 44 and normally held in its right hand position, as shown, by the spring 55. By the closure of the switch 50 a circuit will also be established through coil 27, wire 76, brush 30, armature 31, brush 32, resistance 1, series field S and thence by wire 36 to the negative main. The winding 27 like that designated 27 in Fig. 1, is of low resistance, while that designated 22 (or 22 in Fig. 1), is of comparatively high resistance, and the winding 27 is wound to normally assist the winding 22 in magnetizing the core 23. As soon as the contacts 45 and 56 are placed in engagement with each other a circuit is closed from the point 58 through the coil 54, wire 51, armaturelever 77, contacts 45 and 56, wires 57, 24 and 36. to the negative main. This circuit constitutes a retaining or holding circuit for the switch 50, for, as soon as the switch 50 is closed manually by means of a ence through contacts 71 and handle 62, the relay 2, is operated to eilect i the excitation of the coil 54, which then act." 1

on its core 59 to hold the same in its uppermost position, and consequently the con .tacts of the switch 50 in firm engagement with eachother. The m'ovalole contacts 53, 7.0 and 71 are insulated from each other by the barior plate of insulation 61 to which they are secured and by which they are carried. This bar or plate 61 is rigidly attached to the upper end of the stem 60,whi ch is carried by the core 59.

When switch 50 is closed and held closed in the manner stated a circuit is also established from the positive main through wire 63, shunt field F and wires 64'and 36 to the negative main. Also, a circuit is closed from the positive main through wire 67, brakemagnet solenoid'68, wire 69, to the negative main. The excitation of the coil 68 will cause its core 73 to be lifted to release the brake by means of the stem 74 which is connected between the core 73 and the brake-appilying means, which may be of any well own type.

The motor may now start and, if desired, accelerating apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, may be used in connection therewith to gradually cut out the resistance .1 and series field S,-so that the motorinay start with a strong torque as a compound-wound motor,

and after being started and run to full speed,

thereafter operate as a shunt-wound motor.

Should the load connected to the motor M,

as for instance an elevator car and hoisting mechanism therefor, operate such motor as a current passes through these tivo soils and 22 in series instead of in parallel, as normolly, said coils will neutralize each others magnetism and the spring 55 will, therefore open the con tacts 45, 56 end (lo-energize the lnugi'ietwhich holds the switrh 5O closed While the motor M is acting a motor. Upon the opening of the switch 50 the hrslte magnet will also he (lo-energized and effect the application of the brake and the some quent stopping of the motor in an ol'n'ious manner.

in Fig. 2 l: have shown menus] means to closing switch 50 initially, which must also he, used after the said switch has been op sutoniuvticall) in the manner e3; mined Fig. 1, howeverv the construction i lusirstes apparatus for slowing down the i'notor if it acts as ugenerst-or', and then nutom i again incressii'ig its speed it the motor receives current and does work.

The subject-matter disclosed in Fig. s not herein claimed is covered in in}? (n-pt ing application Serial No. 346,391, iin ment in electro-dynsmio lJlfl-liGS, tiled her 5, 1006, ndix'ision of this s.-

lt is obvious that those skilled may make various modifications i1 tails and arrangement of par'tswiti. parting from the spirit and scope their oi". 1 therefore do not desire to he limited to exact construction herein disclosed.

What I claim and desire to have proir; by Letters Pate it of the United State I. T he combination with motor. or trolling apparatus therefor, utlouloly=round. magnet having one Winding connected across the mains and the other Winding in circuit with the motonerinature and electric means controlled by said magnet for regulating the speed of the motor.

2. The combination with e motor, f controlling apparatus therefor, s dilerentiell wound magnet liming one Winding conne scriss the mains and anothc Winding r= cuit with the motor-armature; and r means controlled by sui d magnet for s down said motor when excessive spiel it: mined.

l l I l l i l l l l 1 l i 3. The ooi'nhination with -1 moto in -4' means therefor, 51 dii'l'erentiul" relay hiivhi-g one winding ccnnoctml the mains and the otherwinding in so v the motor :u-ruuturenn electro l '.fi:ii1

and means ()Hl'[' ll(- i h 'd circuir when the hrulie circu; t relay for closing sacts as a generator.

4. The comhhmtion with :1 motor, of Ti versingr switches therefor, n. dill'erontisl rclu having one winding connectedto he mains curt m trolled s din L 1' tier,

"-ud moans l'or means rherrlor,

elcz-tro magnet, plursli nit-ens controlled by sui i issid res A and to. ion with on el 8o o resist um no. resistunce and r.

r. relax. and .1. 3d iii $3 per e .ueut e relay-mug having on out Jeers" n series with e, mMtr-ni l i series the low lit": u, I I q once and more when inserting :Ullil'i

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