US854436A - Electrical switch. - Google Patents

Description

'PATBNTED' MAY 21, 1907.

W. M. SCOTT.

BLEGTRIGAL SWITCH.

APPLIUAT'ION FILED MAY 26,1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1 @Wha/wen 2 5g 5.5M 'I @1f/tommy 4 No. 854,436. PATBNTED MAY .21s 1907.

' W, M. scum?.

BLEGTMGAL SWITCH.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 26,1904.

' 5 SHEETS-SHEET z.

PATENTED MAY 21, 1907. W. M. SCOTT. ELECTRICAL SWITCH.

APPLOATION FILED MAY 26, 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET a.

PATENTED lMAY` 21 W. M. SCOTT. C ELECTRICAL SWITCH. APPLICATION FILED MAY 26,1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

INo. 854,436. PATBNTBD'MAY 21, 1907.

. W. M. SCOTT.

ELECTRICAL SWITCH.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 26,1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

UNiTnD earns rnfriin'r FrienwiLLiAM M. seoT'r, or PHILADELPHIA, PnNNsYLvANiA, AssieNoR To THE.

CUTTER" ELECTRlCAL 8c PHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A

MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF PHILADEL CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ELEC'Vl'RlCAL SWITCH.

Specification of Letters Patent.-

Patented May 21, 1907.

T (L7/L whom zit may. concern: r

Be it known that I, WiLLiAM M. Socia?, a7 citizen of the United States, residing in theA city and county bf Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have"`iiivented a new and useful Electrical lSwitch, of which the lfollowing is a specification. .4

My invention relates to electrical switches, more particulai'l v'those which are required to .carry and in ei'rupt electricx currents 'of very 'great magnitudes, such as Icurrents of thousands of aniperesl.,V

My invention relates to high capacity electrical switches whichjare to be'closed orl opvei'ated, manually, or otherwise, my invention comprising means lfor gaining mechanical advantage, whereby aswitch of very high capacity maybe operated with Jfacility.

My invention comprises means for obtain ing great mechanical advantage, such means occupying a relatively small amount of' space upon the base or switch boardand extending relatively short distances into the region about the switch. l

My invention comprises` a construction wherein toggles connected intandem are ein ployed to operate'the movable member of thev switch, such toggles .being'so arranged Iand disposed that the "o erating member i )rotrudes only a relative y shortv distance into the region surrounding the switch.

My invention consists al'sd of a high capacity 'switch comprising a pair' of terminals bridged by vaplurality of movable members.

. My invention comprises' also vmeans wherebyv switches as above described inay be electrieally controlled, either by thc current passing through said switch or by current in any branch or in any other circuit.

My-invention, in one of its formsf's illustrated Vin the accompanying drawii gs, in

Figure 1 is a side elevational View of,A an electrically controlled switch, in closed pesiti'on. F ig. 2 is a lront elevational View of the -FigL 7 is a plan view of `the auxiliary switch.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the circuits of the switch. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an overload tripping mechanism in connection with the switch herein shown and described. Fig. l() is a diagrammatic View of the switch herein shown and del scribed as adapted to be tripped on underload or low voltage. Fig. 1l is a diagram'-l iiiatic view of the switch herein shown and described as adapted to betripped either on overload or reversed current i'low. Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view, being a' vertical elevation of the modified arrangement in which the several bridging members co-operate with independent pairs oi fixed contacts, for the purpose oi controlling independent circuits.

Referring to\the' above mentioned drawings, B representstlic usual baseor switch board, oi marble o'r other suitable insulating material. 1 and 2 represent the main termi nal blocks of copper secured to the front of the base B by the bolts 3. Thesterminal blocks 1 and 2 are located one vertically labove the other and have their contact faces in, approximately the sanievertical plane. Circuit connections are made to the terminals 1 and 2 at the extensions 4 'and 5 respec-' tively, from the front'of the switch board. In case connections are tp be made from the rear of thev switch board such connections may be made to the body portion l and 2 of the contacts, and the extensions l and 5 may be omitted if desired. i

6, 7 and 8 are independent laminated members adapted to bridge the main con tacts 1 and 2. The laminated bridging member 6 is secured to` but insulated from the vertically extending arm 9 pivoted at 41() in the bracket"11 which is securedito the 'base B. i

l2 is a bell crank lever, pivot-ed at 18 in the frame .11, the arm 14 being connected with i f the member 9. by means of the link 15 pivoted at 16 to the bell crank lever and at 17 tothe sai-ne. Fig. 3 is a side elevational view oi the. l member 9. The'arm Hand-the link l com switch operating means, the toggles being in extended position. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, the toggles being shown in collapsed position. Fig.

Fig. 6 is a liront elevational view of Fig. 5

"stitute a toggle for cramping .the bridging 5 a fragmentary view in the art. side elevation showing the auxiliary switch' i controlling the circuit of the tripping coil. l, falling short of'being in the imaginar line i joining'pivots- 13 and 17. ,The pivota connneinbei 6 into engagement with the main terminals 1 and 2, as is well understood in As shown in Fig. 1 the toggle- 14, 5, isdn extendedposition, the pivot 16 just nection 16 between link 15 and arm 14 is of the eccentric type for the purpose of adjusting the toggle 14, 15, as described in I nyap-` plication, Serial No. 63,690, filed June 8,

Each of the laminated bridging members 7 and 8 is also operated by a toggle 14, 15, acting upon pivoted arms 9, 9, to which said laminated bridging Inembers are secured. The bell crank levers 12 of all these toggles are mechanically connected together 'by the horizontally extending rod or bar 18, whereby all the toggles of all the laminated bridging membersmay be operated simultaneously, the several adjusting devices at the pivots 16 serving to cause all the bridging members to exert practically equal pressures upon the main terminals. 19 and 20 are two similar levers pivoted at 10, concentrically with the arms 9, and including between them the operating handle 21 22 is a link pivoted at 23 tofthe lever 19 and at 24 to the rod 18 which interconnects the bell crank levers 12. 25 is a link, similar to link 22, pivoted to the lever 20 at 26 and to the rod 18 at 27. The proportions and disposition of lever 19 and link 22 are such that when the toggle 14, 15, is in extended position as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the pivot 24 falls a little short of being on the imaginary straight line joining the pivots 10 and 23. ln other wordsthe lever 1 9 and link 22 constitute a toggle for operating upon the bell crank lever 12.

Fig. 3 shows both the toggles 19, 22, and 14, 15, in extended position, while in Fig. 4 the toggles are shown collapsed. The arrows in Fig. 4 show the directions of travel of the several parts when moving `toward the circuit closing position of the switch. .The toggles 19, 22, and 14, 15, are connected in tandem, that is, toggle 19, 22, is connected with toggle 14, 15,` in such manner that force applied at the handle 21 is transmitted through toggle 19, 22, and then through toggle 14, 15, to the laminated4 member 6. Obviously, each of the three toggles 14, 15, which operate the bridgin members 6, 7, and 8, is connected in tandzem with the pri mary toggle 19, 22, or 20, 25. From this it is seen thatthe main or primary toggle 19, 22, operates upon the secondary toggle, 14, 15, the whole arrangement being a means for Igaininr very great mechanical advantage,

or a, orce multiplying device. From the 'fact that the toggles` overlap each other,

that is. the secondar' to r fles 14 15 are so b. I l

disposed and arranged with respect to the primary toggies 19, 22, or 20, 25, that their elements do not extend, more than an inconsiderable distance, beyond the region occupied or swept through bv the primary toggles, the 'o erators ll'nndle protrudes from the switch oard'a very much shorter distance than would be necessary in a case where asimple operating lever, or a single toggle were employed. By this arrangement the plurality of laminated bridging members may be simultaneously operated with reasonable ease by one person. Considerable force must be exerted to cramp a single laminated bridging member otordinary dimensions against its contact terminals, and in the case of ahigh'ca )acity switch of the type herein described tlie torce necessar to cramp all of the laminated members into engagement with their eo-operating contacts far exceeds that available from one person,y when switch closing mechanisms heretofore knownare employed.

One of the bell crank levers 12 may have a portion 28 extending beyond the bar 1S for the purpose of supporting the small roller 29 pivoted at 30. When the switch is in the circuit closing position the roller 29 is cmbraced and held by the latch 31, pivoted at 32 to the frame 11. The latch member has a downward extension 33 located in the path of travel of' the armature 34 pivoted at 35, in the two iron cheeks 36, 36, forming the poles of an electromiagnet 37, extending horizontally across the front of the apparatus.A 3S, 38, are stops on the armature 34 determining its position when unattracted. l/Vhen a current is passed through the winding of the coil 37, or when. the currentin said winding is increased to 'a predetermined value, the armature 34 is attracted by thepole pieces 36, 36, and rotates in a counter-clockwise direction about the pivots 35, 35, and delivers a blow to the latch extension 33. This liberales the roller 29 from the latch 31 and simultaneously delivers a blow through the latch to said roller 29. 1n consequence the toggles 14, 15, and 19, 22 collapse under the influence of the blow and also under the influence of the springs 39 and 4() connected at one end 'to the levers 19 and 2() and at their other ends to the pins41 and 42 secured in slight upward extensions44 and 45 on the two outside bell crank levers 12, 12. 'lhc collapsing ol' the toggles causes the withdrawal and fall ol' the laminated bridging 'members 6, 7 and S from the terminal blocks 1 and 2, the final position being that shown in Fig. 4.

46 is a resilient plunger mounted on the bell crank lever 12, and adapted to receive the impact of the members 9 as it reaches its final open position the boss 47 engaging said plunger 46.

Secured td any one oll the bell crank levers 12 (see Figs. 5 and 6) is a supporting bracket 48 whose two extremities 49 and 5() extend j downwardly and partly embrace the rod or bar 18. Secured to these extremities 49 and 50, and insulated from them, is the brass or copper bridging member 51 of an auxiliary switch having the end'- portions 52 and 53 serving toerigage in the contact jaws 54 and 55 respectively. 'lhese jaws 54 and arey supported in the copper blocks 56 and 57, rc-

ISO

spect-ively, mounted upon the slate or insulating pieces 58 and 59 secured to the bracket 11 66 isa carbon shunt contact piece spring 'controlled and pivoted at 61 in a member secured to and extending vertically from the pivoted arm 9. The carbon 60 is in pern1anent electrical communication with the ter- Kmina-l block'i through support 62 and the iexible connection 63. f

"64de a metallic contact piece secured 'to member 62. by the sprin s 65. Shunt con-k tact piece 64 enga es the ihce of the main terminal block whi e carbon 60 engages shunt carbon 66 pivoted at 67 in a bracket secured 15 to and in electrical communication with the l main terminal block 1.

vIn opening, bridging vmembers 6, 7 and'8' lirst break circuit, later 64 separates from 1,A

and finally carbon 60 separates from carbon.

66, wherethefinal arc occurs. l

The path ofthe current through the switch may be as follows: The current may enter as by Iconductor 68, 'traverse terminal 1, bridging members 6, 7, and 8, terminal 2 and departby conductor 69 (see Fig. 8). The current traversing the coil 37 may be derived from any,suitable source through conductors 7 O and 71. f' The circuit of the coil 37 may bc controlled by a relay, an ordinary manual switch, an engine stop, or any other suitable meana'such means being illustrated by the bridging member `72 adapted to engage the contacts 73 and 74. With the switch in tbe circuit closing position the bridging member 51 engages t e contact jaws 54 and and the circuit of the coil 37 is complete except at bridge 72. When, by whatever means, bridge 72 engages contacts 73 and 74, the armature 34 is attracted and tbe switch opened asheretofore explained. l

ln Fig. 9 th'e main terminals and the bridging members are shown in side elevation'. Embedded in the lower main terminal 2 is themagnetic mass 76 constituting with said terminal 2 an electro-magnet whose armature 77, pivoted at 7 8 is attracted upon overload of current passing through tle bridging members 6, 7 and 8, or any one of them. f This arrangement of tripping magnet 5o is similar to that shown in my Patent No. 754,505,`March 15, 1904. When said arma- 4ture 77 is. attracted the tail 77 engages the 'v tail of the latch 31, thereby releasing the .roller 29 and permitting lthe switch to open.

5?, 'In Fig. 10 the main terminals and bridgingv members areagain shown in side elevation. 79 is an armature carrying member pivoted (at 81, the spring 82 tending to vlift-thel memy bei 79, carrying the armature 80. 84 is a` 6.02 coil seenmen'd. `View and having pole pieces 83 to @Q -operate with the armature 80. The :155011184 isconnected between conductor 69, 'and the conductor 69 forming the other con :rductorgvof the circuit.v 4When/the current through' the vWin41ing' if-thecoil84 diminishes to a predetermined value, the spring 82 overcomes the attractive force between pole i pieces 83 and armature 80, causing the member 79 to strike the tail of the latch 31, thus releasing the roller 29 and permitting the switch to open. v

l ln F ig. 11 the main terminals and the bridgingmembers are shown in side elevation. 76 and 77 are the same as described in connection with Fig. 9 for the purpose of actuating the latch 3,1 upon overload. To actuate the latch 3,1 upon the occurrence of reversed current or reversed energy flow, the member 85, which may be pivoted at 32, is provided. 86 is a member controlled by the tilting member 91 which is acted upon by the coils 88 99 and 93, their cores being respec* tively 87, 89, and 9 2. 93 is a series coil ,awhile 88 and 90 are shunt coils connected across the main conductors 69 and 69.

'Upon reversed energy flow the member 91 rotates 'about the axis of the coil 93, and in a counter clock-wise direction thereby engaging the member 85 which then actuates thelatch 31 to release the roller 29. This reversed current tripping mechanism is similar to that shown in Patent- No. 758,938 granted to meen May 3, 1904. l

Referring to Fig. 12, 94 and 97 are a pair of 'main terminals adapted to be bridged-by the 95 member 6; 95 and 98 a pair adapted to be 'bridged by the member 7; and96 and 99 a pair adapted to be bridged by the .member 8'.- Each bridging member may therefore control a separate and independent circuit' or no branch of a circuit, the operating mechanism being as'hereinbeijore described.

What l claimis z- 1. ln combination, iiXed contacts, a pluralityy of members lor engaging said contacts, 105 a toggle for operating each of said members, and a ytoggle for operating said irstqnentioned toggles.

2. ln combination, a 'pair of fixed con,- tacts, a plurality of independent members rio for engaging said contacts, a toggle for each member, means for interconnecting said toggles whereby said members are simultaneously operated, and means for engaging said interconnecting means for restraining said ,115

'members l 3. In combination, fixed contacts, a plu.- rality of membersfor engaging said contacts,

' a toggle for each of 'said members, means for interconnecting said toggles, and a toggle for 126 operating saidinterconne'cting means.

4. In combination, iixed contacts, a plurality of members for engaging said contacts,

a toggle, and a force multiplying device infgermediate said toggle and each of said mein- 1 z5 ers;

5. ln combination, a pair of fixed contacts,

a plurality of members for bridging said contacts, a toggle for operating eachof said bridging members, means for interconnecting 1 3o said toggles, and a toggle for operating said.

aforementioned toggles.

G. In combination, fixed contacts, a plurality of laminated bridging members for engaging said contacts, a primary toggle, and a secondary toggle for cramping each of said laminated bridging members into engagement with its co-operating fixed contacts, said secondary toggles being connected in tandem with said primary toggle.

7. In combination, a pair of fixed contacts, a plurality of laminated members for bridging said contacts, a primary toggle, and a secondary toggle for cramping each of said. laminated bridging members into engagement with said contacts, said secondary toggles being connected with said primary toggle.

8. In combination, fixed contacts, a plu vrality of independently pivotcd members for engaging said contacts, a toggle for operating each of said members, and a toggle 'for operating said aforementioned toggles.

E). In combination, fixed contacts, a plurality of independently pivoted members l'or engaging said contacts, a toggle for operating each of said members, means for interconnecting said toggles, and a toggle for operating said aforenientioned toggles.

10. In combination, a pair of contacts located one vertically above the other, a plurality of laminated members 'for bridging said contacts, a toggle for cramping each of said laminated members into engagement.

with said contacts, and a toggle for operating said aforementioned toggles.

11. In combination, fixed contacts, a member for engaging said contacts, a toggle for operating said member, a second toggle for operating said first mentioned toggle, a connector between said toggle-s, and means engaging said connector for restraii'iing'said toggles in extended position. l

12. In combination, fixed contacts, a member for engaging said contacts, a toggle for operating said member, a second toggle for operating said first mentioned toggle, a

' connector between said toggles, means cngaging said connector for restraining said toggles in extended position, and electro-responsive means for controlling said restraining means.

13. ln combination, a pair of fixed contacts, a plurality of members for engaging said contacts, 'means for operating each member, a latcliing device for restraining all said operating means, and.electro-responsiv'e means for controlling said restraining means. l l 14. In combination, fixed contacts, aplnrality of members for engaging'said contacts, a toggle for operating each member, a latch forrestraining said toggles, and electro-re sponsive means controlling said latch.

15. In combination, a pair of fixed. contacts, a plurality of members for engaging saidcontacts, a plu'ialityof force multiplying devices connected in tandem for operating said members, means for restraining said devices, and electro-responsive means for controlling said restraining means.

16. In combination, fixed contacts, a plurality of members for engaging said contacts, a toggle for operating each member, means for interconnecting said toggles, a toggle for operating said first mentioned toggles, and electro-responsive means for controlling said members. j

17. In combination, fixed contacts, a plurality of members for-engaging said contacts, a primary toggle, a secondary toggle conncctcd with each member and With said primary toggle, means for restraining said members, and electro-responsive means for controlling said restraining means.

18. In combination, fixed contacts, a plurality of members for engaging said contacts, a toggle for operating each-of said members, means for interconnecting said toggles, means for restraining said toggles, electro-re sponsive means for controlling said restraining means, and a contact controlling a circuit of said electro-responsive means, said contact being movable with said interconnecting means.

l0 In combination, Fixed contacts, a member for engaging said contacts, a toggle for operating said member, a second toggle. for operating said first mentioned toggle, and a spring connected between said toggles and operating to cause said toggles to collapse.

20. ln combination, tixed contacts, a pivotcd member adapted to engage said contacts, a toggle having an element pivotcd coneentritailly with said member and a second toggle connected intermediate said meniber and said first mentioned toggle.

21. In combination, fixed contacts, a plurality of members for engaging sait. contacts, a toggle l'or operating each member, an element ofeach of said toggles having a bell crank extension, and a second toggle operating upon said bell crank extensions.

22. In combination, fixed contacts, a pivoted laminated member for engaging said contacts, a toggle vfor cramping said laminated member into enga ement with said contacts, a second toggle or operating said first mentioned toggle and comprising an element pivotcd concentrically with said laminated member. i

23. In combination, fixed contacts, a plurality of pivotcd laminated members -for engaging said contacts, a toggle for cramping each laminated member into engagement with said contacts, an operating lever, and means connecting an element of each toggle with said operating lever.

24. In an electrical switch, a pivotcd movable contact member, a toggle link pivotcd I D concentrically with said contact member, a

IOC

eefise if" .second toggle conneoted'tosaid Contact melnmember, and e, link intervening between Said l'- bex), ,and another link of said first-mentioned handle and said 4hoggle, said handle and link toggle engaging said second toggle. constituting e second .tog le. lll) M 25. .Inyan eleetrieelswiteh, a pvoted mov- M. SCOTT. A5 able eolltat member, en oerating' handle "Ni/messes:

pivoted` eoneentrieally W1t said Contact i VFRANK/.STonRTz,'

memberZ a toggle connected to seid Contact l JAMES" H. VVYATT.

Images