US853563A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTBD MAY 14, 1907 P, PHILLEP,

TURBINE. APrLmATwN HLBD JUNE 22.19%.

3 SHEETS-8313.31

PATENTE!) MAY 14, 199'?.

P. PHILLI?. TURBNE. APrLmnIoN Hun wsa 22,1998.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N13. 853,563. PATENTES MAY 14, 1907.

P. PHILLIP. TURBNB.

nrmonzez: Hmm :um: 22.19057.

s SEMS-SHEET sx UNITED STATES i PATENT OFFICE.

TURBlNE.

V Speccat'ion of Letters Patent. application mea rmi sa 190s. sans sq. 822.299.

Patented May 14,1907.

This invention relates to turbine engines,`

and has referencemore particularly to that 1o class or type of such engines wherein the How of the motive fluid is radial.

This type of engine comprises essentially a` driven shaft, a casin and a rotor and stator both mounted Wit their centers coin-V `15 cident with the axis of the shaft and each provided with radial g'lroupsofw buckets or vanes between Which-t e motive Huid flows from the center to the periphery, im ailingY the rotor through impact with its bnc vets or zo venes and re-acting against the stationary buckets or vanos of the stator.

The object of this invention is to provide an improved and simplified turbine ofV this type,whcrein thev maximum impact and exz pensive efficiency of the steam or other motive fluid is' utilized, and wherein the speed 'of themotor maybe nicely and automaticall adjusted by controlling the amount or vo urne of steainadmitted.

The invention will be readily understood when considered in connection with the accom anying drawingsshowing an approved mec Vamcal form thereof, wherein Figure 1 is a. central vertical section through 3 5 the motor transversely of the shaft; Fig. 2 is n a side elevation'partly broken out to dis'- -close interior parts; Fig. 3 is a central vertical section longitudinally of the shaft; Fig. 4

is a detail cross-sectional view through the 4o shaft and steam-distributing chest; and Fi 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail throng the shaft, steam-distributing chest and annular valve which controls the admission ofY steam tosaid distributing chest. Y v Referring tothe drawings, designates the cylindricl casing of the motor, which is mounted on feet 11 preferably cast integral htherewith. Y Y ..12 desi etes the sides or covers whichcen- 5o -ter on an are bolted to the cylindrical casing 10,4 and which cari?!7 the driven' shaft 13 in suitably a'clred an lubricated bearingsle. Withintt e"cylinder lf'and preferably 'cast 'integgaltherowith a hollow orchartlbeied disk serving the function of a stator or 55 abutment member.

16 represents cach of the rotors, which arev located one on either side of the stator 15 and which are keyed to the shaft 13 and held Vrigid against shoulders 17 on the shaft by means of nuts 18. The shaft 13 and rotors 16 are held in a fixed relation to the stationary frame members 10 and 'l5 by the nuts 18 bearing againstbrass sleeves 19 which take Ythe end thrust of the rotors through the nuts 18 as Well as the weight of the shaftY and rotors, thereby maintaining the revolving arts oentral'with the stationary frame mem ers.| An 'o ening 2G connecting the cylinder 10- With t e chamber ofthe stator 15 constitutes 7o an inlet for the steam or other motive fluid, ,an inlet pipe 21 being shown as connected to the casing l'coincidentally with the opening and other openings 22 (Fig. 1) closed by caps or covers 23 permit inspection of the in- 75 ternal parts,

24 represents the exhaust opening herein shown as tangentiallycommunicating with tle lower end ofthe c linder 10.

The stator 15 is ormed with a central 3 o ening to accommodate a bronze casting 255 t y at surrounds the driveifshaft-l3 and constitutcs the stcarn-distributin chest. This castingis confined in place y an integral collar 26 formed on one end thereof engaging 85 an annular counter-sunk shoulder 27,7011 one side of the stator 15, and a nut 28 screwing into theV other end of the casting and bearing against the 'opposite side of the stator. The casting .has formed therein a series `of--go radially disposed steam-pockets 2,9, each of which 1s provided with a radial inlet ort 30j, and lwith a proximatel'v tangentia -outlet ports 31 at t e ends. The inlet ports 30 lie in the transverse plane of the central charnber of the stator 1 5; While the outlet ports 3l are coincident withy the s aces between 'the inner faces of the rotors 1 and the adjacent outer sides or faces of the stator 15. These from the center outwardly, as clearly shown in Fig. 3; and in dovetailed grooves'32 and -33 surfaces substantially "'tangential to` each opposed surfaces are made slightly divergent4 roo on these divergi surfaces of the rotors and stator arcsec Y buckets or vanes 34am?. i 35, respectively, the inner surfaces of which x95 other and to the discharge ports or nozzles 3l, allowing the steam or gas to leave one for the other without shock and in such a way as to impart the greatest work to the buckets with minimum friction.

Surrounding the distributing chest 25 within the ch'amber of the stator 15 and concentric with said distributing chest is a loose fitting valve sleeve 37 (see in articular Fig. 5), each longitudinal half'ofpwhich is provided with a series of radial slots of sucnarrowest to the wi est. These slots are desi edv to be thrown into and out of registration with the inlet ports 30 of the steamdistributing chest by a relative rotary movement of theyalve sleeve upon said distributing chest. Y

It will be observed that as the valve sleeve 37 is turned in the direction indicated by the arrow in'Fig. 5, the inlet ports 30 served by the ports 38 of the valve sleeve will be first cutoff a continued movement in the same direction next cutting oli the orts served by the valve-ports 39 and a stil further movement next cutting off the two diametrically op ositb ports served by the valve ports 40, and so ou until all of the inlet ports30 have been closed. In this latter condition, a re verse movement of the valve sleeve 37 effects a'gradual opening ofthe inlet ports in the manner'described.

Any suitable means for actuatin the valve sleeve 37 in the manner descriged either manually or automatically may be emloyed; a simple means for that purpose iierein shown consisting of a rod 44' passing through suitable stufiing boxes in the walls of the cylinder and' engaginggthevalve s eeve. The rod- 44 may be connected externally of the motor casing. 'With manual means for moving the; saine longitudinally,y orwith an automatic governor so arran ed that as the speed of 'the turbine goes a the valve sleeve will to cut off the steam -and when the speed ma] lthe sleeve direction to admit more steam.

In operation, the steam enters the 4inlet port 20 and` fills the-chamber` of the Vstatorl, whence it passes through the valve-ports 38 39, 40 41, 42 and 43 of the valve sleeve an the inlet ports 30 of the distributing chest into the pockets 29 of the latter'and thence out through the discharge the first or innermost row o ond set of rotor vanes, andlso on to the last row of roto;` vanes, whence it exhausts from providedwith a' key 45 l rotor vanesat the Ochambered disk, respectively `disk having an inlet rows of outlet ports the curve of the rotor,

states ratio ofthe nozzle area to the effective areaof the outer row of buckets should be suoli that with an assumed initial pressure yand vacuum the filial velocity of the steam with reference to the casing shall be m'l, and with reference to the peripheral s eed of the outer rotor vanes the same. I these conditions are obtained, the exhaust steam should flow in both directions from a point opposite the exhaust outlet to the exhaust through the passageways 46 on either side oi the statorland opposite the peri heries of the rotors. In or' der to know, Whi e the turbine is in operation, that these ideal conditions are maintained, consistently with the highest efficiency, a floating vane 47 is fastened to the shaft 48 located diametrically opposite to the exhaust outlet 24 and supported inbearings and suitable stuffing boxes in the sides or covers 4l2 of the cylinder. The vane 47 is held normally radial b a weighted handle or lever 49 on the ou tsidi; of the casing. The action of the vane is as follows. l If therotor runs too slow, then-the velocity of the steam issuing from the last row of pockets wi-ll be reater than the velocitv of thebuckets, an the folding vane 47 will be deflected in a direction opposite to that in which the rotoris running. And conversely, if the rotor runs the folding vane will lean the way runs. A change of governor adjustment or of the initial or terminal pressure of the steam will rectify abnormal conditions.

It is evident that modiiications and variations in respect to minordetails might 4be, made by those skilled in the art without departing'from the s irit or sacrificing any of the advantages of tiie invention.

I claim: y

l. In a radialiiow elastic'fluid turbine, the combination with a driven tionary casing comprisinga cylindrical wall,

`s1de walls or covers, and an internal chaman inlet port and outlet.

ber'ed disk having p ports constituting' dischargev nozzles, the die rection of which 1s in a plane perpendicular to the shaft and tangential to the curve of the oint of admission, of a aft within said casing, vanas on said rotor and the inner row of vanes on said rotor closely surrounding said'discharge nozzles and receiving the impact of the motive iiuid substantially as described. i 2. In a radial How elastic fiuid turbine, the combination `with a driven shaft, of a stationary casing comprising a cylindrical wall, side walls or covers, and an internal chambered portand twoannular constituting discharge nozzles, the direction of Which/is in a lane, perpendicular to the shat andttangentlal to venes atl the pointof a mission, of a pair of rotors `fast on said rotor fast on said s and alternate rows of IOO shall within said casing and on either side oi said chamhorcd disk, respectively, and alternate rows of vanos on said rotors and the opposed-sides of said chainhercd disk, respecf 5 tively, the innerrows of vanos on said rotors closely surrounding said discharge nozzles and receiving the impact of the motive 'fluid v directly therefrom, substantially as described. 3. ln a radial ilow elastic fluid turbine, the combination with a driven shaft, of a stationary casing havingr an inlet port and an outlet port for the motive iluid and hearings for-said shaft, a stationary annular motive fluid chest within said casing and surround in said shaft, said chest having a plurality of inlet ports communicating with the inlet port of said casing, and an annular row of outlet orts constituting discharge nozzles, a rotor ast on said shaft within said casing, and alternate rows of vanes on said casing and rotor, respectivel the inner row oi vanos on said rotor close y surrounding said discharge nozzles and receiving the impact of the motive fluid directly therefrom, substantially as described 4. In a radial ,ilow elastic lluid turbine, the combination with a driven shaft, of a stationary casing having an inlet port and an outlet ort for the motive fluid, and bearings for sai shaft, a stationary annular motive fluid chest within said casing and surround-` ing said shaft, said chest having an annular row of inlet ports communicating with the inlet port ci said casing and an annular row of outlet ports constituting discharge nozzles an annular valve surrounding said chest opposite and controllin the inlet ports thereof, a rotor fast on said shaft within said casing, and alternate rows ofvanes on said casing and rotor, respectively, the inner row ci vanes on said rotor closely surrounding' said discharge nozzles and receiving the impact oi the motive fluid directly therefrom, substantially as described.,

5. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination with a driven shaft, of a stationary casing havingan inlet and an outlet for the motive fluid and comprising;V a cylindrical wall, sidewalls or covers, and an inter,- nal chambered disk having an inlet port oommunicating with the inlet port o said cas' a stationary annular motive fluid chest Wit in and axially coincident .with said internal .chambered disk, said chest having an intermediate annular row of inlet ports communicating with the interior of said chambered disk and two annular 4rows of outlet ports constituting discharge nozzles disposed in planes outside '"of said -chambered disk, rev uo spectively, a pair of rot'ors fast on said shaft within said casing and o either side of said chambered disk, res ec rows of vanos on sai rotors and the n osed sides of said -chambered disk, respectively'. .y

5 the inner rows of varies on said rotors close roundingthe s vely, and alternate surrounding said discharge nozzles and receiving the impact of the motive fluid directly therefrom, substantially as described.

6. In a radial How elastic fluid turbine, the combination with a driven shaft, of a stationary casing having an inlet and an outlet for the motive fluid and comprising a cylindrical wall, side Walls or covers, and an internal chambered disk having an inlet port communicating with the inlet port of said casing, a stationary annular motive fluid chest within and axially coincident with said internal chainbered disk, said chest h aving an intermediate annular row oi' inlet ports communicating with the interior of said chambered disk and two annular rows of outlet ports constituting discharge nozzles; disposed in planes outside ci said chambered disk, re-

lin

spec'tively, an annular valve surrounding f said chest opposite and controlling the inlet ports thereof, a pair of rotors fast on said w shaft within said casing and on either side of said chambered disk, res ctively, and alternate rows of vanes on said rotors and the opposed sides of said chanibered disk, respectively, the inner rows of vanos on said rotors closely surrounding said discharge nozzles and receiving the impact o f the motive fluid directly scribed.

7. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine ,the

combination with a stationary casing having an inlet ortand an outlet ort for the .motive Huid), vand a driven sha t suitably journaled therein, of a rotor mounted on said shaft within said casing, cri-operating varies on said rotor and casing, res actively, an annu-A lar distributingichestwit nular row di inlet ports and anV annular row of outlet ports constituting discharge nozzles, and an annular valve surrounding said therefrom, substantially as de-V n said easing suraft, said chest having an annog,

chest and provided with ports (so-operating with the inlet ports of the latter, said valve ports being so formed and distributed as to successivel cut oil' the inlet ports of the dis tributing chest when turned continuously inf one direction', substantially as described:

8. In a radial flow elastic uid turbine, the combination with a stationary casing' having an inlet ort and an outlet'I ort for the ino` tive flui and a driven sha suitably journaled therein, Vof a rotor mounted on said shaft within said casing, co-operating vanas on said rotor and casing, respectively, anannulardistributag chest within saidzcasing ,surrounding ,the shaft, said chest lhaving annular new? of inlet ports voff uniform cross; sectionalarea and fanannular ro'vvl of outlet ports', constituting discharge, nozzles, 'and an annular valve surrounding said -dhest and provided withv ports cofperatng; with-V the 1111s erts of,the-latter,saidvalve'ports being o succes'sivelyiincreased 'cross-sectional area vslierehy they successively cutplthe inlut ports of tho distributing chest when said annular Valve is turned.continuously in one diroution, substantially as doscrilmd.

9. ln :i rudiailf'low (Elastic, lluid tnijbino, the mnnliimition with n stntioimryT casing having :in inlet port, un exhaust passage, amd n disi-liarg'e port, of a` driving shaft suitably journals-,d in said casing, n rotor fast on said shaft, (fo-operating Vnnes on said rotor and casing, rospnotivvly, incans- Afor.dirctng and distribnting motive fluid to said Vanns from the centor of tho onsing outwardly or radially, a piv- Oted floating vane in the exhaust passage, and a handle or `pointr on the pivot of said Hunting vanel outside the casing serving to both hold said loating Vane in a, normally radial position and to indicate the position of th vane when the velocity of the steam relatively to the velocity of the vanes deflects it, substantially as described.

PETER PHILLIP. Witnesses:

SAMUEL N: POND, FREDERIOK C. GOODWIN.

Images