US851538A - Recoil-operated firearm. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED APR. 23, 1907.

G. LUGER.

REGOIL OPERATED FIREARM. I

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31, 1903.

nnirnn s'ra'rns Parm onnron are. 851,538.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

Patented April as, 1907.

Application filed December 31,1903. Serial No. 187,325;

To all whom itv may concern; Beit knownthat I, GEORG LUGER, a subject of the Emperor of Austria, and a'resident of N o. 34 Weimarerstrasse, Charlottenburg, Germany, engineer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Re coil-Operated Firearms, of which the following is an exact, full, and clear description.

- toggle joint type, in which the opening of the sometimes on lugs of This invention relates to an im rovement 1n recoil-operated firearms of t e known class with a breech closing mechanism ofthe toggle joint is movement;

The present invention relates especially to effected during a recoiling means for eflecting the raising'of the toggle.

joint out of the extended or closed position; In order to utilize the recoiling movement the toggle joint when being opened, resort is had to the known arrangement wherein cam projections are fixed on or connected with the tog le joint and are adapted for coacting, on tile recoil This known arrangement has heretofore been so carried out in practice that said cam are attained, Ireor more valuable tion against the beating-like recoil action,- whereby whilst effectively utilizing the refolding or openconstructional;

coil-energy for the cranking, ing ofthe toggle joint, the

' parts are also preserved from excessivevibra tion and strain. By reason ments, neither comparatively light construcstrong loading can effect tion-of the breech members nor excessively the reliable opera tion of the firearm,

' The invention will be hereinafter fully set forth and ing-1' e counteraction can be stroke, with inclined shoulders or abutments or equivalent means.

the present f cam projec--' pin, certain ad-,

of my improve particularly pointed out in the claims. 1 i i In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 1s a side elevation of the main portion of a recoil operated pistol embodying my invention. Fig. 2-is a similar view of .the toggle joint, the cam projections being shown in the impinging position at the commencement of the openin of the to 1e joint. Fig. 3 1s a plan view of' i 1 an ig. 4 is a cross-section on line A Fig. 1. a

A principal drawback to the arrangements of the cam projections behind the middle link in, consists in the fact that no retardrodu ced at the commencement of the recoi during the cranking, foldingror opening of the toggle joint, as is necessary when employing strong charges in order to decrease the straln, to lessen the unavoidable jerks and to enable the uniform and surecarrying out of the opening and closing of the toggle oint. r mcethe camaction, which eflects the cranking or foldin commences in such arrangements at a dlstance behindthe front pin of v .the forward'link (which former serves as fulcrum and the leverage conseqluently extends-over the entire length of t 1e forward link,) theresistance is small at the commencement of the foldin and the folding impulse takes'place quic y i. e. without retarding action b counteracting resistances, except that of t e closing sprlng. Another drawback the former arrangements con-.

-. sists in the fact that the recoil is not onllyg transmitted through the entire forward lin but also through the middle link j ointand 1n a diflerent direction in the rear link to the 1nclined cam surfaces, which produce the folding. This results in a detrimental jerking strain on the central pin, which leads to the loosening or distortion of, such pin, while at the same time, an indirect intermedlate transmiss'on aifects the exactness of the cam engagement which, on account of the arrangement of the cam projections 1n palrs (one pair on'each side), must b all-means be inalintained, s'ince otherwise a lndmg would take place in the guides. In order to obviate the said drawbacks and to secure for the initial movement, a retarding effect, which is v advantageous -t o the function, of the firearm,

'the cam projections, according to the pres- 1o barrel Z.

the action of a closlng spring f shown in Figs. 1 and 2has-been carried. out for a short dis- (Fig. 2) resulting movement owing to the momentum-derived and b and the forwar 5 charges employed -link pin.

being in an extends ent invention, are provided at a suitable point on the forward link, that is, between i the middle link pin and the forward link-pin,

so as to conform with the 7 Referring to, the drawings, a and b are the two links, which areconnected at the'knee point by means of the central pin cfand which form '0 is the forward link pin and u the rear- The latter is fixed on the barrel extension 8 attached to the movable barrel,

so that 'by this arrangement, the links a, and 15 b are capable of a sliding or recoiling movement, which takes place in consequence of the known function of the firearm. The for- 'wardlink a is bifurcated at a, to-"accommodate the link-eye b" of the rear. link I). vThe bifurcated arts a forming side-pieces of the forward lin a serve as finger grips for openmg the breech with the hand. Below the said bifurcated parts, on the sides of the forward link a, are arranged inclined forwardly extend ng shoulders or projections p of such len th; breadth and thic mess as to orm lim- 'ite cam projections for co-actin with corre- 1 spondingly inclined fixed shoul ers or cams I secured to o'r builtup on the sides w of the o ame. Theinclined surfaces, of these cams are oblique so as to parallel thev opposite faces of the shoulders or projections p,{and such cams are, located about in linewlth the folding knee-point of the/links when the latv3 5 ter are in their normal position, at which time the shoulders or projections p are some distance in advance of such cams q.

- The construction hereinbefore-described operates as follows :After discharging the 40 fire-arm, the barrel Z'with its extension sslides backwards on account of the recoil, and the toggleetake. ,art in this movement soon as this sliding movement opposedto tance, the shoulders or projectionsv p on both sides of the forward'link'a engage with the cam shoulders g of the fixed side pieces w ;in an upwardly directed from the co-actionfof the two sets of cam surfaces 1n conse uence of the rearward sliding movement of t e parts. The middle linkpin 5 5 c is thereby lifted relatively tothe pins '11 and v, and the humping up of the toggle joint begins, which results in an entire opening (Fig.

2) on account of the continuous recoiling I action. The re-closin of the toggle links a sliding movement of the barrel extension .9 to closmg position are efleoted by the recoil of s ring f. I

It 1s Obvious that, wit this arrangement,

weaker or stronger the joint behind the movable retardatidn during the folding closed position; As. jerkin strains.

up exclusively by the-forward link a, forming a massive piece with the side projections a and shoulders or'projections 'Onl the forward-link pin 1; takes part in this irect strain-,- whilst the middle joint at c is not subjected to the directfjerking or arresting action. This relieving of the central pin '0 is of. decided advantage, and another advantage-resides in avoidin multiple link connections, by which the erking action would necessarily be transmitted in the event of shifting the cam projections on the rear link.

6. Above all, the effect of a certain uniform effect is necessary especiall or the reliable function of'the folding, resu ts from the resent arrangement, as the side pieces a, and shoulders p, respectively, of the forward link a, which take up the sudden impulse, remove all vibration and the impinging motion is counteracted by the braking inertia of the middle in and rear link parts, which are unaction, which the jerking strain which arises from the. oo- I action of the parts 12 and q is'directly taken afl'ecte at the outset by the jerkingaction and need only be moved upward directly by the forward link. Moreover, thefoldingis impeded at first on account ofthe shortened fli pleration of the parts p g to the front in 1 e uniform engagement on both si es v1s.

latter being thereby positively guided. The parts forming the guide at the rear ofthe toggle joint are not subjectedt'o'anystrain during the jerkin action.

The fact that t e im in ingsurfaces at p are arranged closer to tile forward link pin-'0 than has heretofore been done, enablesthe.

forward link a to permanently withstand the This is of greatimportance, as well as the further advanta e that the leverage a'ctingthroughthe frontpart of the I forward link measured from the point of cobending of the toggle joint is e ected with the leverage of a one armed lever, whereb the previously explained retarding'effect 1s assisted, as the jerking energy is partly consumed in the lever mechanism.

7 I claim as my invention: 7 I 1. In a recoil-operated fire-armythe combination with a rearward moving barrel and its extension, ofa non-recoiling frame, a Y

breech block, linked levers pivoted tothe breech-block and to said extension, the for- 1 ward one of said linked levers bei provided with cam projections in front of't e central.

pin, and cam projections on said frame with which the former cam projections are designed to engage on vtherearward slidingmovement of the barrel.

2. In a recoil-operated fire-arm the com-f bination a rearward moving arrel and likewise insured by thecombination of the cam projections with the forward link a, the

its extension, of a non-recoiling frame, a tions are designed to'engage on the rearward 1o breech block, linked levers pivoted to the g sliding movement of the barrel.

breech-block and to said extension, the for- I In testimony whereof I have hereunto set ward one of said linked levers being provided I my hand in presence of two witnesses.

at points forward of the central pin with downwardly and forwardly inclined shoulders or GEORG LUGER' projections, and cam projections on said Vitnesses:

frame, likewise downwardly and forwardly HENRY HASPER,

inclined, with which said shoulders or projec- WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

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