US845747A - Calculating-machine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAR. 5, 1907.

W. R. BONHAIM. lCALGULAJIING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 20,1905.

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Unrrnn s'rii.

Wirren nronrrnn Bonnin,

.FETES T0 A. d. SCtllrE-,

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r'ri'rnnrr cierren.

oniciioo, renners, Assionon or 'rivo- Lresented March 5,1907.

Patent.

Application filed lloc-'einher 20, 1905. Serial No. 288,l3.

Be it nnown thet i, lNArfrin Rice loNHAM, a citizen or the United Sint siding et Chicago, in the county of look end of illinois, have invented certa-in new ARD Starte endn useful improvement-s in CalculstingM ll'ectnnes, of which the following is e full,

cigar, .and exact speciiication.

This invent-ion relates to calculating-inachines, and more particularly to the chiss designed for addition and subtraction; and it has for its primary object to provide en improved construction of calculating-machinos of this character which shall be simple both in mechanism and operation and oi inexpensive construction and ed ss a pocket-machine.

A further object lis to provide an improved, simple, and ettcient means for preventing' the carrier from moving accidentallj-,v beyond the position to which it is positively moved by one of the indicatornieinbers. y

A further object is to provide an improved means whereby the indicatormernbers may he -given a slight retrograde movement upon the completion of its forward rotation.

To these ends and the accomplishment ci' other newl and useful objects, as dll appear, the invention consists in certain features ci 'novelty in the construction sind arrangen nient of the several parts T ere titer incre fully described and claimed, find illustrated in lthe eccompanyingr drawings, illustrating en example of the invention, and in which;

Figure l is a plan view'of this improved machine with a partoi' the top plate broken away. Fig. 2 is a sectional vier,r on the line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an irregular section on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fir. 4 is a section on line 4 4 of Fig. Fig'. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of the edge of one ot the cerriers. Fig. 6 is en enlarged detail perspective view of the operating end of the retaining-patri iorthe carriers, and Fig'. 7 is an enlarged detail section on line 7 7 oi' Fie'. l.

'lhe numeral l is a hase-plate or back, and if? is s. faceplate, and between these two plates arranged rotary indicating* rnenihers or si 5, any desired. number oi which .ng employed, accordingv to the capacity ot the machine desired, and which stand, re spectively, for the units, tens, and hundreds columns, and located between these indicator members or disks sre ,gears or carriers especially adapt o "Y, which transmite tenth of a rotation to 5 5 ecco of the indicator-disks on the left from one complete rotation ot' the indicator-disks on the right, as is common in this art, and these gears or carriers t5 7 are also preferably arranged between the plates l 2, and the two pistes are secured together and the indicator members and carriers pivoted or journaled thereon by any suitahie means, such as pins or bolts 8, passing through them. These bolts or pin.. t3 are provided with enlargec'l central portions E) to form shoulders against which the pla-tes l and 2 rest and serve as a ineens for holdingf said piates spaced apart. The periphery oi the top plate 2 is preferably turned downen-einst the tace of the bottom plate i, as at it), to close the space between the plates end torni o. housing for the disks and carryingWheels- Any number of these bolts or pins may he used as desired and are y of such n size to hold theplates l' and 2 a 7'5 suiiieient distance apart to prevent them from hea-ring too severely against the gears and indicators.

The top plate 2' is provided with apertures l1, one opposite cach of the indicator-disks 3, 4, and 5.' These indicator inenihcrs or disks are or may he duplicates of each other, and vthe description ot one will apply equallyl as Well to the others. They are pivotrd to the hach plete l hy ineens ot' iouri'isls l2, prelrr 8 5 sbiy formed by a struck-up portion of the body thereof, and said s ruck-up portion engages suitable z eIture in the pla-te l.

, An importent 'sature of my invention re sides in the arrangement of the numbers or l other characters of numerica-l value,I and it consistsv in the employment of two sets of such vnumbers or. characters arranged in ari thnietical progression troni one to zero and reversed With respect to each other, so that one series or set progresses in one direction' and the other serles or sst in nn opposite direction. These two sets of nunbers or characters are provided for each of the indicators, Whatever forni the latter may have, and when such. indicators have, as in the example of niy invention shown .in the drawings, a tia-t diskdilie forni the numbers ere arranged in circuler concentric series. The set 'of said nunileers arranged in arithmctical prqgrcssion `lroin right to init' is arranged upon the outers-ee of the plete around the aperture l1 therein, While the other set, or the set which 1 within and concentric with the 'first set and around the journal of each of the indicators 3, 4, and'5. These -figures may be placed thereon either bystamping, printing, or in any other manner desired.

Each of the indicator-disks yis provided with a plurality of tapering apertures 1.3, one oi which is elongated, as indicated at 111, and

extends inward toward the journal 12 a suf-I ficient distance as to uncover and expose one of the numerals ot the inner circle carrie d by the base-plate 1. The tapered portions of these apertures are arranged adjacent the peripheries of the disks. Carrier-.disks 6 are arranged between each two' of the indicatordisks 3, 4, and A5 and are provided with peripheral depending teeth or lugs 15, properly spaced `for interineshing with radial teeth 16, carried by the peripheries of the indicatordisks. One of the radial-teeth 16 ot each oi these indicator-disks, excepting tho last one of the series, is somewhat longer than the remaining teeth, as indicated. at 17, and is provided with a beveled or inclined portion 18, and this tooth is adapted to engage with the depending lugs or teeth 15 on the carrierdisk adjacent thereto, and thereby impart a tenth ot a rotation to the next one ci the indicator-disks in the series by means of the engagement of' the radial teeth 16 between the depending teeth 15. Thus it will be seen that for each complete rotation of thc unitsdislr 3 the tens-dish 4 will receive one-tenth o'a rotation, and the hundreds-disk 5 will receive a tenth of a, revolution for each complete rotation of the tens-disk 4, and so on throughout the entire serie-s.

With this construction and arrangement of the disks it will be seen that should the indicator-disk be given a rapid rotation tle momentum given to the carrier-disk would tend to carry the same forward to an improper position after the extended tooth or projection 17 passes out of engagement with the depending tooth 15. 1n order to overcome this tendency and to insure a proper movement oi the carrier-disks, there is provided a stop or lock 19 in the shape ot a spring-pawl, preferably 'of the form shown, on end of which is provided with apertures adapted to receive and be held in position against the base-plate 1 by means of tlie pins or lugs 20. he -tree end thereof prei'- erably follows the contour of the carrierdislr, and its extremity is provided with a depending portion 21, having a radially-projecting lip or iinger 22. ringer 22 extends under the periphery ci the carrier-disk, normally below the extremityoi the depending teeth 15, and is adapted to be raised between the teeth in the manner hereinafter forth. The stop or loch 19 is also provided with a depending portion or pro- Said radial lip or i jection 23, which is `located behind the lip of finger 22. This projection 23 stands beyond the periphery of' the carrier-disk. and directly in the path of the movement'of ,the eir-v tended ringer 17 of the indicator-disk. 4One edge of the projection isiirclined or beveled, asat 24, and the inclined portion18 oi the during its course of movement, causing the same to be raised to permit" the tooth 17 to vthe lip or projection between two of the depeidingteeth 15`andinto the path of the movement of the advancing tooth, which contacts therewith and is held in this posi- -tionuntil the projecting tooth passes from ter which the stop orlock will spring down against the base-plate 1, carrying-the radial projecting lip 22 with it and out'v of the path an aperture 25 being provided in thebase lip 22.- i

'ln order to prevent the' indicator-disks from being. turned in-the'wrong direction, there is provided a retaining-pawl 26, havin f an arm engaging the pins 20, and said paw is providedwith a -lip or dep-end i portion 27, preferably struck from theme thereof. The lip or portion 27 is tween the radially-projecting teeth 16 of the indicator-disks and is adapted to be raised by said teeth when properly rotated and tol spring between the teeth to prevent a back.- ward movement. given to this pawl by means of a spring 28, loosely engaging the pins 20.

oi the stop or lock 19 to permit .the proper movement of the same.

plate 2 are provided with stops 30, so arranged that it a pencil or other implement be inserted in any one of the series of apertures 13 in the indicator-disks and moved toward the right the motion will be arrested by the pencil coming against 30, only one figure of the inner series being indicator-elisha x In order to impart a slight retrograde movement ofthe indicator-disks 3, 4, and'5 to insure the proper engagement of the lip orprojection 27 of the retaining-pawl 26 between the two teeth 16, there is provided a slot 31 in .the facelate 2 adjacent the stop 30 and the edge o the apertures 11. This slot is provided .with arearward-inclined portion 31a, the vhighest point oi' which is located at the correct sto ping-point for the indi-l cator-disks. The owest point of the slot Sib is so located that the disk may ce moved i slightly-beyond its proper stopping-point, so

pass thereunder and at the lsame time raise beneath the depending lip 'orportion 23, af-

oi the movement of thedepending teeth 15,

Suitable pressure may be The tace-plate 2 is provided Withsuitable struck-up portions 29 adjacentth'efrce end w The edges of the apertures V1.1 inthe faccextended tooth 17 will contact therewith y plate 1 to' permit a proper movement of the the top side of the stop visible through the elongated .aperture 14of l that upon its backward movement the lip or projection 27 of the retaining-pawl will positively spring into the s ace between two of the teeth 16 of the in icator-disks, so that the adjacent tooth will engage therewith. Thus it will be seen that if an implement is inserted in any one of the apertures 13 and the disk rotated the force willbe exerted toward the periphery of the disks and the implement will travel around the edge of the apertures 11 in the face-plate 2, carrying with it the disk until the implement strikes the stop 30, when the outward strain will cause the implement to move into the slot 31 and travel to the lowest-point 31a therein, where it will be suddenly deflected into the inclined portion 31h, thereby causing the disk to he turned slightly backward, so that the retaining-dog willproperly engage the teeth 16, the tapering portion of the apertures 13 cooperating wit-h the slot 31 to accomplish this movement. This arrangement is to facilitate the operation of the machine and dispenses with the necessity of the operator stopping to examine the same to see if the -exposmgvslot or aperture 14 is correctly positioned and the indicator-disks properly locked.

In the operation of this machine it is to be understood that the inner series of numbers are used for addition and the outer series for subtraction, and the machine is operated in ,the following manner: All of the disks or indicators are so set that the cipher of each of the inner series will be exposed through the aperture 14. .A number may be added by placing the point of a pencil in thatone of the apertures 13 which is directly opposite the number in the outer series which is desired and-,the disk rotated to the right until arrested by the stop 30, whereupon the desired number will be exposed through the aperture 14. j For example, starting with the d is'ksl arranged as just mentioned and 1t is desiredl to add nine, the pencil is inserted in the aperture opposite the number 9 of the outer series and the disk rotated until its movement is arrested by the stop 30, whereupon 9 will appear in the aperture 14. Should it be desired to add nine to this result, the same operation is repeated; but inasmuch as the projecting tooth 17 at the beginning of the second operation would be just back ofone of the teeth 15 of the carrier-disk the first-tenth of the revolution of Athe second operation would cause the tooth 17 to rotate the carrier 6 a tenth of a revolution, and thereby impart a tenth of a revolution to the disk 4, bringing the aperture 14 therein opposite Athe numler ".1 in the inner series of num'lrers. while the disk 3 would continue to rotate until arrested by the stop 30, whereupon the number S would appear in the aperture 14 in the disk 3, and by reading the number "17 in the aperture 14 in the disk 4 in connection therewith the sum "18 appears. Thus each time the unitdisk 3 makes a complete rotation the tensdisk 4 makes a partial or tenth revolution, and each time the tens-disk 4 makes a complete revolution a partial or tenth revolution is imparted to the hundreds-disk 5 through the intermediate carrier-disk 7 and finger 17. During each movement of the indicatordisks the carriers are locked and released by the locking member 19 and the disks 3, 4, and 5 properly positioned in the manner already set forth. Should it be desired to subtract a given number from the sum thus added up or from any other amount, the disks 3 and 4, in which the sum appears in the aperture 14, and' also the disk 5, if the sum be large enough to extend to this disk, are shifted until the apertures 14- stand opposite the numbers in the outer series. Thus if the sum appearing in the apertures 14 be the number just added, 18, the disk 3 would be turned until the aperture 14 is opposite the number 8 in the outer series, and the disk 4 should be turned until the aperture 14 therein stands opposite the number l in the outer series.` The pencil is then placed in the aperture opposite the number in the outside series which is to be subtracted.l Should the number be nine, for example, the pencil would be placed in the aperture opposite 9 and the disk rotated toward the right, as before, until arrested by the stop 30, whereupon the aperture 14 would be opposite the number 9 of the outside series, and the corresponding aperture 14 of the diskl4 would come opposite the cipher in the outside series, it being understood that when subtracting the outer series are read and the number taken is always the one opposite to which the aperture 14 stands. After thus subtracting, if it should be desired to again add to the remainder it would be necessary toagain shift the disksuntil the remainder appears in-the aperture 14, whereupon the addition may be performed, as just described, by placing the pencil in the aperture opposite the number in the outer series to be added and then rotating the disk until arrested by the projection 30.

The`operation has been described in relation to only two of the disks; but it is to be understood that any number vof disks constituting the machine may be operated in the same manner.

7i th a machine thus constructed it will be seenv that the mechanism is simple in construction and operation and ma)v be made in a thinflat form suitable for carrying in the pocket, and the disks and also the carriers are facsimiles in size and shape, and hence majY be produced from two disks, one for the disks and one for the carriers, it being unnecessary to increase their diameter or the length of the teeth 15 as the values ofthe disks progress.

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p thus-iully described the construction and operation ofthe machine, what is claimed as new, and desired to secure bv LettersPatent, is n l. in a calculating-machine, the combination of twosets oi digits or characters of dit# ferent numerical values bearing a iixed relation to eachother and being reversely arranged, andL means whereby the numbers in `both setsare indicated and all the numbers in oneset are simultaneously visible and those of the other set are only progressively visible.

2. ln a calculating-machine, the combination of tvo sets of characters of ditllerent numerical values progressing arithmetically reversely of each other, one set being 'lixed with relation to the other and permanently iisible, and a movable indicator whereby .the characters of the other set are only progressively visible, and the characters in either set may be indicated.

3. in acalculating-machine, the combination of two sets' of characters oi different numerical values progressing arithmetically reversely of each other, and an indicator having apertures corresponding in number to the characters oi one set, one ot said apertures being elongated and through which lthe charactors or .the other set are progressively visible.

e. ln a calcnlating-machine, the combination oi tivo .sets or1 characters of different nu merio-al values progressing arithmetically reversely of each other, anda movable indicaone of said apertures being arranged to progressively eX- posethe characters oi' the other set,

5. In a calculating-machine, the combinationo two sets of characters of ditlerent numerical values progressing arithmetically reersely oi eachother in concentric circles, an indicator arranged over one set of said character-sand having an aperture through which said characters are successively visible, and a series oi additional aperturesone ot said aperlures being disposed adj acent each ol the iirst set of characters. l

o. in a calculating-machine, the combination of two sets of characters ci different nu- Arn'aricai values progressing arithmetically in opposite direction and in concentric circles, one set being 'fixed with relation to the other', a"rotary indicator arranged over one set of said characters and having an aperture through which the characters of said set are successively visible, a series ol additional apertnres adiacent the characters oi the other set, and a stop projecting across the line of the said circular series oi apertures for arresting the niiovement of the turning implement when placed in one ol the said series 01"' apertures.

' tor having apertures corresponding in num- 'ber tothe characters of one set,

7. in' a. calculating-machine, the combinav tion. of tivorotary indicating members each l i l l i semer having peripheral teeth and apertures formed therein, and constituting indicating-apertures, characters of ditl'erent numerical values arranged in a circular series opposite said apertures respectively, a carrier-gear.having teeth meshing with the said teeth on one ol said rotary members for imparting motion to the latter, 'Fmgers on said rotary indicators projecting beyond the teeth thereof, the teeth on said gear being arranged within the sweep of' the said iinger on one olisaid indicators, a second gear having teeth arranged within the sweep oiu the latter said finger, and a third rot-ary indicator' member having teeth engaging the teeth of said second gear.

S. in a cal culating-n'iacliine having a path ol movement for an operating means, the combination o'l a plurality ol' rotary indicators, a carrier 'lor imparting the movement of one of said indicators to the other, a stop across said path of movement, and means adjacent the stop 'for causing a retrograde1notion ci the indicators.

9. ln a calculating-machine having apath of movement for an operatii'ig means, the combination oi a rotary indicator, a retaining-pawl, means carried-by the indicator and with 'which the pawl cooperates, a stop aranged in the path o'l said movement and so disposed as' to cause the indicator to travel slightly beyond. the point at which the pawl engages one oi` the cooperating means, and means 'for transmitting a retrograde motion to theindicator 'for seating the pawl.

l0. In a calculating-machine having a path o'l movement' for an operating means, the combination ot a rotary indicator, provided with peripheral teeth, a retaining-p awl adapted to engage .the teeth, a stop arranged Within said path 'of movement, said stop being so disposed as to cause the teeth to be moved sligntly beyond the point at which the pawl engages therewith, and having a slot adja cent thereto into which the operating means is deflected to cause the tcetn to be moved backward against the pawl.

11. ln h calculating-machine having a path of movement 'for an operating means, the combination of a rotary indicator provided with a series of apertures and peripheral. teeth, a retaining-pawl adapted to lengage the teeth, a stop within said path o'l`- movement disposed to cause one oi' thc teeth to travel slightly beyond the point of its engagement with the pawl, and a rearwardlydisposed slot adiacent the stop and into wnih the operating means is deilected, the end oi" said slot being so disposed as to transmit a retrograde movement to the disk to cause the tooth to engage the avid.

and, means for engaging and moving said stop mto engagement withxthe carrier when the indicator is 'operat 13.",In acalculating-machine, the combination `of'a, plurality of `rotary indicators, a oariier forfimpar'tin'g the movement of one of said'indic'ators to the other, astop normally :out of the plane of movement of the carrier, f'mda -.'"adapted to engage the carrier and stop to roprojection "carried by the indicator tate the former and to niove the latter into .engfgement therewith.

le. In a calenlatingmachine, the combination .of a plurality of rotaryindieators, a

carrier for imparting motion frein one of said indicators' tothe other, provided with a plurality of depending teeth, a. stop provided with a depending portion and a radial ci `tending lip, and a projection carried by the indicator adapted to rotate the carrier and enga-ge the-projection on the stop for moving the lip into the oath of movement of the carrier-teeth;

`1nv testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of October, A. D. 1905.

WALTER RICHARD BoNHAivi@ two subscribing Witnesses, on this 31st day of

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