US845140A

US845140A - Internal-combustion engine.

Info

Publication number: US845140A
Application number: US28998905A
Authority: US
Inventors: Herbert Akroyd Stuart
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1905-12-02
Filing date: 1905-12-02
Publication date: 1907-02-26
Anticipated expiration: 1924-02-26

Description

No. 845,140. PATENTED EEB. 26, 1907. H. A. STUART.

INTERNALUOMBUSTIO'N ENGINE.

APPLICATION IILED DB0.2.1905.

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PATENTED EEB. 26, 1907.

. A. vSTUART INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

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APPLICATION FILED DEG. 2

UNrrED ISTATES PATENT onirica.A

HERBERT AKROYD STUART, OF PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application tiled December 2,1905. Serial No. 289,989.

To (LH mlm/11, it 71ml/ concern! Be it known that I, HERBERT AKRoYD STUART, M. l. Mech. E., a subject of the King of Great Britain', residing lat Akroyd Buildings, Melbourne Road, Perth, Western Australia,A ustralia, have invented new and usel ful lmprovenients in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in internal-combustion or explosion engines of the kind forming the subject-inatter of British Letters latent No. 15,994 of 1890, and has reference more particularl to the manner in which the combustib e mixture is formed. In engines of this class as heretofore. constructed a quantity of air considerably in excess of that necessary for the proper combustion of the hydrocarbon vapor produced in the vaporizer is drawn into the cylinder.

The object of my invention, is to utilize this air or a large portion thereof for purposes of'coinbustion, so as to obtain a greater iiiean pressure than heretofore, and therefore an increase of power developed.

According to the present/invention a vaporizer and cylinder of similar construction to those described in the specification of British Letters Patent No, 15,994 of 189() -are utilized; but instead of injecting the charge of oil or other fuel into the heated vaporizer only a further supply of oil or other fuel is introduced into the cylinder and mixes with y the air or other gas therein, while a bodyof air is always provided next or near to the neck of the vaporizer. Inv sonic cases also waterA spray or vapor or the like may be mixed with the fuel.

To enable my invention to be fully understood, I will describe the saine by reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a sectional elevation ofso much of an explosion-engine as is necessary to illustrate my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same.

Fig. 4 is a section on sectionof a cylinder. the line 4 4, Fig. 1.

invention. Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6 Fig. 5.

a is the cylinder, and b the vaporizer, which are connected by a contracted neck c in the 4manner described in, the specification.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Fig. 5 is a View similar l -to Fig. 4, illustrating a modification of the Patented Feb. 26, 1907.

of the said former patent, the said cylinder and the contracted neck being Water-j acketed.

d is a pump of any desirable construction which serves for drawing liquid hydrocarbon from a reservoir e and delivering it through a pipe f into the vaporizer b, and g is another ump also drawing from the reservoir e, deiivering through thepipe h and the passage i directly into the cylinder, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.

7 is a trunk-piston the inner end of which is advantageously recessed, as indicated at lr, so asvto provide a cavity into which the liqiiid' hydrocarbon passing through the passage 'i will enter in a liquid'condition, the vaporization taking placeA during ythe outward stroke and possibly also during the compressionstroke, the air admitted on the inductionstroke following after the vapor yformed or being formed and serving to isolate the saine from the vapor forinediii the vaporizer b. As shown, the piston y 1s provided internally with webs y', which extend across the same.

.These webs, however, may be arranged in spirally and is adapted to be moved longitudinally upon the shaft o for varying the ti irey 'of operation of the pump g relatively with the Vpump d.

t is a centrifugal governor driven bythe shafto and working in conjunction with a rod r', having two tap ets or pins cooperating with the suction-va ves d g of the pumps d and g', respectively, in'such'a manner that when the governor attains a certain speed of rotation the said tap )ets will set against the said valves g (1 to depress the same so that thech arge o f oil, which under ordinary circiinistances would be injected into the vaporizer and cylinder, will be forced back into the oilreservoir e. The tappct which co crates with the valve g is preferably made a( justable, as

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shown, to allow of its striking its valve earlier f than the valve d is. struck, so that both charges will not be cut off simultaneously.

In the operation of the enginetheliquid hydroca'rbonis injected into the cylindertlirough thc passage 'i when the piston is at or near the end of the instroke, as indicated by dot-anddash lines in Fig. 3. During the next or suction stroke air which enters through the valve l carries the cylinder charge of vapor forward in the cylinder, so that either pure air or air only slightly diluted with hydrocarbon vapor remains at the back of the cylinder. At the same time a charge of liquid hydrocarbon is injected into the chamber band vaporized therein. During the next instroke the charge in the cylinder and vaporizer is compressed and the heat augmented to such an extent that when the pistonlreaches its innermost position a simultaneous or successive automatic ignition takes place in the cylinder and in the va orizer. The products of combustion are dlscharged through the exhaust-valve-n in the usual manner during the fourth stroke of the cycle, when the operation hereinbefore described is re cated.

\ When it is desired to run the engine ight or with light loads, the pump g, supplying the cylinder chiigggis putv out of action, when the engine `will continue to operate with a vaporizer charge only, as described in the specification before referred to. It is sometimes found advisable tovary the times of introducing the two charges of fuel, and this can be eHected by varying the position of the cam g upon the shaft o1 Also instead of introducing the hydrocarbon directly into the cylinder it may be introduced into the air-passages .so as to enter with the air during the first part of the induction-stroke.v In some cases the vair insteadof being admitted through the valve l in the contracted neck c, as hereinbefore described, ma be introduced through a pecial air-inlet va ve on the side of the cyliner, a further supply being admitted toward or at the end of the suction-stroke through the valve Z, thereby insuring that the air at the neck of the vaporizer is pure and at the Y 'same time obtaining a higher degree of compression with the same cylinder clearance pipe w from a pump upon the engine.

Although in the foregoing description I have referred to the oil as being introduced by means ofa pump, it is to be understood that it-may be introduced by means of compressed air or air-suction or in any other suitable manner.

Having now particularlyv described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the, same is to be 'performed, l declare that what I claim is- 1. In an internal-combustion engine providcd with a vaporizer in open communication with the working cylinder lby a contracted neck the provision of means for injecting charges of hydrocarbonv into the vaporizer and into the cylinder and for introducing a layer of air between these charges, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.

2. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a vaporizer communicating with said cylinder but separated therefrom by an open passage, separate means for injecting charges of hydrocarbon into said vaporizer and into said cylinder and means for admitting charges of air into said-y passage between said vaporizer and said cylinder, substantially as described.

3. In an lnternal-combustion engine, the

combination witha cylinder, of a vaporizer communicating with said cylinder but separated therefrom by an open passage, separate means for injecting charges of hydrocarbon into said vaporizer and into said cylinder, means for varying the relative time for injecting said charges of hydrocarbon into said vaporizer and said cylinder and means for admitting charges of air into said passage between said vaporizer and said cylinder, substantially as described.

4. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a reciprocating piston therein, said piston being provided at its endlwith a recess, of a vaporizer in com- 'munication with said cylinder'but separated therefrom by an open neck, means for injecting a charge of hydrocarbon into said vaporizer, separate means for injecting a charge of hydrocarbon into said recess-in said piston when near the end of its instroke and means for admitting charges of air into said neck between said vaporizer and said cylinder, substantially as described.

5. In an internal-combustion engine, the

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combination with a cylinder, of a vaporizer vcommunicating with the rear end of said cylinder but separated therefrom by a neck, separate means for .injecting charges of hydrocarbon into said vaporizer and into said cylinder, means for admitting charges ofv air into said neck between said vaporizer and said cylinder and separate means for admitting charges of air into the rear end of said cylvinder adjacent to the mouth of said neck, substantially' as described.

6. In' an internal-combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder, of a vaporizer in communication therewith, separate means for injecting charges of air into said vaporizer and into said cylinder, means for introducing a layer of air between said charges in said vaporizer and said cylinder and a-governor adapted to automatically cut olf said charges of hydrocarbon from said vaporizer and said cylinder, substantially as described.

7. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a vaporizer in communication therewith, separate means for injecting charges of air into said vaporizer and into said cylinder, means for introducing `a layer of air between said charges in said vaporizer and. said cylinder, agovernor adapt- .ed to automatically cut off said charges of -for regulating the lrelative times for cutting o said charges of hydrocarbon from said 15 vaporizer and said cylinder, substantially as described.

HERBERT AKROYD STUART. i

Witnesses JOHN E. BoUssFIELD," C. G. REDFERN.