US845023A - System of control. - Google Patents

Description

No. 845,023. PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907. H. E. WHITE & H. G. PEASE.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26. 1905.

W :TNEssEs: IMVENTORSI flaw, 5, HAROLD E.w.|-| m5,

HAROLD QPEASE, Q KP/ W I by Mg 2,;

UNITED STATES" PATENT OFFICE.

HAROLD n. WHITE AND HAROLD/C. PEASE, or'scHnNncT nY, NEW YORK,

ASSIGNORS TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 19, 1907.

Application filed June 26,1905. Serial No. 266,953.

To aZ/I whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that we, HAROLD E. WHITE and HAROLD C. PEAsE, citizens of the United States, residing at Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in... Systems of Control, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to apparatus for controlling the operation of an electric motor or motors.

The arcing produced at the controller-contacts in the process of controlling motors has led to the practice of employing a motor-controller adapted for heavy currents and the attendant arcing, together wi th a mastercontroller or switch for governing the action of the m otor-controller, the arrangement being such that no heavy currents are broken by the master-controller. In apparatus for many purposes the arcing caused by the breaking of small currents in the master-controller is of no moment, although the controller must be made larger and heavier than would otherwise be necessary. In some cases, however, any arcing in the master-controller isof'considcrable disadvantage For example, in controlsysteins for variable-speed motors driving automatic machinery in which the master-controller is automatically drivenspeed changes. are produced upon small movements of parts of the machinery,

suchas the tool-feed. It is obvious that if the speed changes are numerous and it live circuits are interrupted in the master-controller it must be made large to afford sufiicient space between the contacts to enable the arcs to be broken. Not only'is a large and unwieldy master-controller undesirable, but even though the controller be large the arcs formed between cooperating contacts will bridge then during a material move-r ent of the controller: giving perhaps different speed conditions "at. the same position of the master-controller, depending upon the direction in which the controller is being moved.

In one of its aspects the present invention consists in a construction and arrangement of parts constituting a system of control whereby-the master-controller is permitted to operate without theformation of arcs at its contacts. It is"sotneti'nes desirable to operate variable-speed. TROtOIS at different lino-potentials, current being supplied from the low-potential circuit until a certain speed is reached and the motor being then connected to the circuit of high potential for operation at increased speeds.

In anotherof its aspects the present inventioniniay be regarde as comprising means forconnecting a motor or group of motors to a source of current-supply, automatically accelerating-the motor,- and then auton1at ically connecting it to another source of supply and again accelerating it.-

The present invention will be more fully understood in the above andother aspects from the following description thereof.

The accompanying drawing illustrates a preferred form of the present invention.

The particular embodiment of our invention illustrated consists in control apparatus for a shunt-Wound motor adapted to be supplied successively With current from two different circuits. Upon starting the motorarmature is connected to the low-potential circuit in series with a starting resistance and is brought up to speed through the automatii elimination of the resistance. Thespeedioi the motor -may then be increased. by cutting resistance into'the shunt field-circuit until themaximum speed for that voltage is attained. The armature is then automatic ally disconnected from the low-potential circuit and connected t orthe high-potential circuit, again in series with the starting resistance. At the same time the field 'is strengthened by cutting out the field resist- The starting resistance is cut out-aucircuits taking place at the contacts of-a relay adapted for that purpose.

By this arrangement all danger of arcing in the mastercontroller is eliminated.

Reference being had to the drawings, M indicates a motorarmature, and E a shunt field-winding.

' sociated with switches I, C, and B, actuatjing-coils o1 switehesB and S, wire 13, and

relay governing the rateo'l progression of the resistance-switches of the controller.

. is master-controller.

D and E are starting :LIU'I stopping switches or bu tons, respectively.

r is a field-rheostat and L is a relay arranged to shift the field-circuit and the active control-circuits inresponse to the movements of the master-controller.

The motor-controller comprises a switch it for connecting one terminal of the motorarmature to supply-conductor a, switches B and C, which cobperate with switch S to connect the opposite terminal of the armature to eoneuctors b and 0, respectively, resistnice-controlling switches R, R and R and a switch I, which automatically closes and places a Shunt orlhridge about the resistance-switches and switch B after the latter switches have operated. The master-eon-- troller comprises the fixed'contacts ll and the movabl contacts 9, g, and g for governing the controller K and additional fixed contacts 5, 6, and 7 and movable segmentalcontacts 9 and gfor regulating the field resistance 1. The movable contacts of the master-controller are illustrated as mounted upon a developed cylinder arranged to he revolved through gearing G. The relay L consists of an electromagnet to the core of. which are attached two contact members Z and Z. W hen the relay-coil 1s deenergized,

these contacts engage, respectively, with the fixed contacts Z and Z, and when the coil is energized then engagement is made with contacts Z -andZt In the drawings the parts of the apparatus are illustrated as occupying their oil oriinoperative positions, contact 9 in the masteresntroller bridgingcontacts 1 and 2. 'When it is desired to start the motor, switch D is momentarily closed. Current thereupon flows from line Z through wire 8, contacts Z andl of the relay L, contacts 2, g, andZ of.

the master-controller,switch D, actuatingcoil of switch A, switchE, wire 9 to c; Switch A'is thereupon closed, eonnectufgone terminal of the motor-armature to line A branch circuit passes from point 10 through when, contacts O O, and cello of relay 0, wire 12, auxiliary contacts i c and b, as-

thence through wire 9jto line 0. This closes switches B and and connects the remainlng terminal of the motor-armature to line b.

stapes circuit by connecting its coil directly to wire 8 through wire 17 and auxiliary contacts a, which are bridged when the main switch closes. Current also flows to point 10 and to the actuating-coils of switches B and S, so that the switches A, B, and S are now A lost motion is provided between the core of the relay and movable contact 0 so that switches B and S have time to close be fore the actuating-circuit is broken. After the relay 0 has operated it closesslowly under the influence of the dash-pot 0 again completing the controllingcircuit at contacts O and 0 Current now flows from .Wire 12 through auxiliary contacts Z and s", associated, respectively, with switches B and S, thence through. auxiliary contact r associated with switch B, through the actuating coil'of the switc R through the auxiliary contacts r ass ciated with the switch 1, and thence to wire 13. Switch R is now closed, cutting out resistancesections in the armature-circuit. The closing of switch R closes auxiliary contact r associated therewith and establishes a maintainingcircuit from wire 15 through these latter auxiliary contacts, and thence'to wire 13, as before. Switches R R, and I are then closed in automatic progression, cutting out the remaining resistance from the armaturecircuit and connecting the armature directly across a and I) through switches A and I. It is noted that upon the operation of each. of the switches B, R, and R the actuatingcircuit is broken by the relay 0, and if the motor-current increases too rapidly the throttle-coil 0 serves to keep the core of the relay raised and prevents the closing of resistance-switches R R and Pt, respectively, until the motor-current has fallen within safe limits.

The actuatin -circuit for the switches B and S and the maintaining-circuits for the switches B and S and the resistance-sudtchcs pass through the auxiliary contacts 2" i", as-

sociated with switch I, so that when switch "I closes the actuating-coils oi the switches B S and the resistance-switcl1es' are demaintained closed independently of the relay energized, and these latter switches all drop open. This system of automatically-progressing contacts forms in itself no, part of the present invention, being illustrated simply as a .desirable form of motor-com troller foruse in carrying out the present invention. For a more complete understanding of this form of motoncontrollei' and of the construction of time-interval and throttle relay and main and auxiliary contacts or switches reference may be had to Patent No.'798,342, granted August 29, 1905;011 the application filed by George H. Hill.

The field F of the motor is connected at one terminal to line a and at its other terminal to one terminal of the resistance 1. When the master-controller is moved fronr its off position, the brush g, which is in electrical connection with the contact-segment 9 engages with the contacts 7, so that current is free to flow from line a, through the fieli-coil, through one of the contacts 7, through the brush 9, segment 9 contact 6, contact Z Zof therclayL, wire9 to line 0. As the master-controller is moved toward the left the amount of resistance 7 which is in. the

-field'-circuit is increased until finally the entire resistance has been cut intothefieldcircuit and the maximum speed for the low voltage attalned. In the next position of .the master-controller the contact 9 bridges the fixed contacts 2 and 3 and current-flows from wire 8, through contact Z and Z of the relay L, contacts 2, g, and 3 of the mastercontroller, through the actuating coil of I he relay. L, through the auxiliary contacts (1?,

, associated. with the switch A, through wire 18, actuating-coil of switch C, actuating-coil of switch S, wire 13, wire 9 to lineewire c. Switches G and S' are thereupon closed, and the motor-armature is connected across line a c in series with the entire starting resistance. The closing ofthe switch S breaks the maintaining-circuit of the switch I at the auxiliary contacts s, whereby the switch I is I1? ade to open immediately upon the closing of theswitches C and S. The switches R R and R are again closed in automatic progression in exactly the same manner as before, the operation finally leaving the motor-armature conriectedacross linesa c, with no resistance in circuit.

i It will be seen that as soon as the actuating-coil of the relay Lhas been energized the .core is lifted and the current instead oi passing through contacts Z through the mastercontroller, and thence through the coil of the relay now passes through the contact Z of j the relay and thence directly through coil of the relay and the wire 18, as before, shunting the controller-contacts 2 and 3, so

that when these contacts are disengaged :zfrom segment 9 upon a further irovezrent of the master-controller no sparking occurs, because no current is flowing through the of the relaytLis to break the connection between wire 9 and the contact 6 of the mastercontroller and to complete .a connection between, said wire and contact 5. Segments g and brush 9 are now rendered idle, and the field-circuit passes through brush 9* and segment 9. The-relation of the brushes g and g" issuch that when the brush g is in engagement with the left-hand terminal of resistance r the hrushg is in engagement with the opposite terminall Consequently at the point at which the brush 9 is cut out the brush 9 is ready to traverse the contacts 7 and cut resistance into the fieldcircuit. Upon returning the master-controller toward its oif position the segment 9 bridges contacts 3 and 4, thereby short-ehcuiting the actuating-coilof the relay Land causing it to he (i -energized. The core of the .relay falls, cutting out brush 9 and again hringing into play brush 9 andinterrupting the maintaining-circuit for all the switches, except the switch A. Since, however, the switch A remains closed, the switches B S R R I may close in automatic succession and bring the motor into operation again on the low-potential circuit. When it is desired to stop the motor, the switch or push button E is operated, breaking the control 9 ling-circuit and preventing the further operationof the controller'until the nrastercontroller is'again HZOVGCl to its oli position. If the motor is being used to drive a lathe or boring-mill, for instance,- the master-controller may be geared to the cross-feed of the tool, and so cause the motor to gradually in- ;crease its speed as the diameter of the cut ing-surface decreases. In this way a definite cutting speed may be maintained irrespective of the diameter of the work. While the use of a starting-button is advantageous in cases where the master-controller is poweroperated, this button is not an essential feature, since the master-con troller mayreadily be arranged to perform the function thereof. While the system described is--;one well adapted for service in connection with. machine-tools or other machines, the present invention is not linlitedto control apparatus used in such situations'nor to apparat which the master-controller is automatically driven. Furthermore, different typcs of motors than the particular typeillustrated may be effectively controlled in accordance with the present invention, and the details and arrangement of parts of the control apparatus may be greatly varied without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

hat we claim as new, anddcsirc to secure by LettersPatent oi the United States, s

.1. In combination, a controller, a govern,-

vice having contacts arranged in said circuit,

' ing-relay for said controller, a contfio 'c'u1t l'or said 1elay, a master cont and means for placing a shunt about said con tacts upon the operation of the relay.

2. In combination, a controller, a governsling--01!- lling de vice having contacts in said circuit, and

means for automatically shunting said cir--' ouit past said contacts.

3. In combinatioma controller, electromagnetic controlling means therefor, an electromagnetic relay, a master controlling device having contacts for completing a circuit through said electromagnetic controlling means and through t actuating-co1l ol' said relay, and contactsonsgid relay -l'or shunting said circuit pest the contacts of the tester devices upon the operation of the relay. 7

4. In combination, a controller, electromagnetic actuating means therefor, a relay for controlling said actuating means, a ntester controlling device arrangedto energize said relay,- and means associated with sai d rclaylor rendering said. master device inoperativei-upon the operation of the relay.

, 5. In combination, a controller, electromagnetic controlling means therefor, an electromagneticrelay, a master controlling device having contacts for coirpleting a circuit through said electromagnetic controlling meansandv through the actuating-coil of said relay, contacts on the relay for shunting said circuit past said contacts upon the operation of the relay, and additional contacts on said master controlling device arranged to shortcircuit thc-actuating-coilof said relay.

6. Incombina'tmn, .a-motor, a plurality of supply-circuits, a controller adapted to connect-said =mo'torsuccessi'vely to oitlerent ci.r I

cuits, electromagnetic actuating means for said controller, a relay controlling the circuit of saidlactuating means, a master controlling device for energizing said relay, and means associated with said rela for placing a shunt aboutithe master contro ling.device upon the operation ofthe relay. i i

' 7 In combination, a motor having a shunt-field, a controller, a resistance in said shunt-field, electromagne ticactuatmg means "plurality oi contacts arranged to traverse said series of contacts successively, means controlled by the relay for either of said sashes switch--co ntacts to one terminal of said resistance, and contacts on said switch device for controlling Slld relay.

9. In combination, a plurality of supplycircuits, a motor having a shunt-field, an armature resistance, a field resistance, a controller arranged to connect the motor-armature successively to said supply-circuits and to vary the amount of resistance in series with the armature, means [or operating said controller, a master-controller l'or governing s Hid nieans and iorvarying the amount of re* si'stance in the field-circuit.

10. In combination, a plurality of supplycircuits, amotor controller constructed and. arranged to disconnect the motor from one circuit and connect it to another, electromagnetic actuating means for said controller, a master controlling device adapted to complete a circuit through said actuating means, and means for automatically shuntingsaid latter circuit around the master .0 utrolling device.

11. In combination, a plurality of supplycirouits, a motor, a resistance, an electro-' magnetically-actuated motor-controller ar ranged to connect the motor to the supply circuits in succession and to automatically vary the amount of the resistance in the mo torcircuit, a master controlling device arranged to control the circuit of the actuating means for said motor controller, and means for automatically shunting said latter circuit around the master controlling device.

12. In combination, a plurality of supplycircuits; amotor, amotor-controller, eleotromagnetic actuating means for said controller, .a relay, a master controlling device adapted to energize said relay and tocause said controller to operate to disconnect the motor from onecircui't and to connect it to another circuit, and means associated With said relay loriplacing a shunt around said master-con trolling device upon the operation .ofthe relay. v I

13. In combination, a plurality of supply circuits, a motor, a resistance, an electromagnetically actuated controller arranged to connect the motor to the supply-circuits in succession and to automatically vary the amount of the resistance in the motorcircuit, an. electromagnetic relay, a master controlling device having contacts adapted to coil of said relay and through the actuating ated with said relay for shunting said latter circuit aroundsaid contacts upon the operation of the relay.

14. In combination, a plurality of supplycircuits, a motor, a resistance, on electrom :1 gnetically actuated controller arranged to honnect the motor to the supply-circuits in succession, a controlling-circu1t, an electromagnetic relay having contacts in said concomplete a circuit through the actudting- I means for said controller, and means associtrolling-circuit, a master controlling device, and connections arranged to connect'the actuating-coil of said contacts on the relay arranged .to place a shunt .aboutsaid controlling device upon the operation of the relay.

15. In combination, a resistance, a series of contacts connected therewith, a controller having a plurality of,brushes arranged to traverse said contacts in succession, a supplyconductor, a relay arranged to connect either of said brushes to said supply-conductor, and contacts on said controller for controlling said relay.

16.'-In combination, a resistance, a series ofcontactsconnected thereto, a controller having a plurality of brushes arranged to traverse the contacts in succession, a'supplyconductor, a relay arranged to connect either of said brushes to said supply-conductor, contacts on said-controller for energizin said relay, and means associated with said rela for placing a shunt around said con- .trol er-contacts upon the operation of the relay.

17. In combination, a resistance, a series of contacts connected thereto, a controller having a plurality of brushes arranged to traversethe contacts in succession, a supplyconductor, a relay arranged to connect either of said brushes to said supply-conductor, contacts on said controller for energizing said relay, means associated with said relay for placing a shunt around said controllercontacts upon the operation of the relay, and

additional contacts in said controller for short-circuiting said relay.

18. In combination, a pair of supply-con- .ductors, a motor having one field-terminal connected to one of said conductors and the other field-terminal with one terminal of a resistance, a controller having a plurality of brushes, a relay for connecting either of said brushes to \the remaining supply-conductors, contacts in electrical connection With said resistance arranged to cooperate with said brushes, and contacts on said controller for controlling said relay.

19. In combination, a plurality of supplycircuits, a motor, a starting resistance, a 1110- tor-controller arranged to successively connect said motor to the supply-circuits in series with the starting resistance and to automaticallygcut out said resistance, a mastercontrollerfor governing the operation of said motor controller, a field resistance, and means associated with the master-controller for re lating said fieldresistance intermediate th ef ositions of the master-controller wherein t e motor connections are caused to be shifted from one supply-circuit to another.

In witness-whereof We have hereunto set our hands this 24th day of June, 1905.

HAROLD E. WHITE. HAROLD O. PEASE.

Witnesses:

BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFORD.

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