US842763A - Cryptographic machine. - Google Patents

Description

.Nm-842,763. PATBNTBD JAN. '29, 1967.

RBURG. GRYPTOGRAPHIG MACHINEc A1PLIOATIGH FILED AUG.16,1905.

s SHEETS-SHEET x.

NQ. 842,763y PATENTEDJAN. 29, 19W.'

' H. BURG. 'CRYPTOGRAPHIC MAGHNE.

lAPPLIGATION FILED AUG. 16. 1905.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.1 6,1905.

,4 Trag/nim PATENT@ JAN. 29,1907.

APYLIOATIOH FILED AUG-16,1905.`

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4 rrn srarns @TENT onine.

HUBERT BURG, or MoLLKInoH, NEAR RosnEiM, GERMANY.

' oaYProeRAPi-.uc MACHINE.

Y No. 842,763. 'specification of Letters Patent.

Application tiled August 16, 1905. Serial No. 274.413.

Patented Jan. 29., 190'?.

3 5 ous values.

.To ail wir/om t may concern:

Be it known that I, HUBERT BURG, a su hject of the German Emperor, curate at Mollkirch, near Rosheim, in the Province of Alsaca-Lorraine, Germany,` have invented ccrtam new and useful Improvements in Cryptographic Machines, of which the following is a speciiication. D

rIhis machine relates to a` cryptographic [o machine designed to be used as an ordinary type-writingmachine and so arranged asto enable it to translate a letter-text into a cipher or cryptographic text or a ciphertext into a letter-text.

' i 5 The invention will be described, by way of example, in its application to a type-writing machine comprising two type-cylmders which are so connected to akey mechanism as to lenable them to receive simultaneously from zo the latterequal movements of translation and rotation before the printing of ea cli type yin order to bring a' determined type of each cylinder above the printing of point on each fof the sheets of paper used. Type-writing machines of this kind are already known in `the art.

In this application. the invention consists in sotting one of the cylinders that it may y' be moved a variable angle with respect to the 3o other cylinder and in combining with the type-Writing machine a mechanism which produces a predetermined series of motions of the movable cylinder with respect to the fixed cylinder, the said motions having vari- '.,lhe said mechanism is, moreover, soiittedl as tol enable it to produce a same series o motions of the movable cylinder in a deterinined direction and in the opposite4 direcilioii in order to allow of the com- 4o position of altpixt in cipher or cryptography text into lett .r-ftext. f The in f entV grilli is applicable to a type-writin n machmepifovided with a single typeand of the trglnslation afterward of the said 5o cable to all type-writing machines in which thetype' are `carried bya circle, even when they are mounted on type-bars or movable levers, and, indeed, all that need be done is to render movable the type-carrying circle and to connectl the same with a mechanismof .hen the advantage is lost of 'to tie shaft. 'When the latter is the kind which will be described to produce a predetermined series of various motions of the said circle or of the said cylinder in order to obtain the required discrepancy between the types marked on the keys lstruck and the types printed.

In the accompanying` drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of one embodiment ofthe present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the machine. Fig. 4. isa horizontal section on the'line A A of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail of a type-carrying cylinder. in vertical section and in plan, respectively, a pin-carrying ratchet-dis r. Fig. 8 is a rear elevation of a second embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 9 is a part-sectional view on the line B B of Fig. 8.

The type-writing machine which forms a part of the cipher or cr ptographic machine (shown in Figs. 1 to 7 is only represented by certain lmembers which are useful as to the comprehension of the invention, and particularly by two type- cylinders 1 and 2, mounted on a shaft 3, journaled in standards 4- 5 ofthe main frame. On the shaft is secured a Figs. 6 and 7 show grooved plate 6, in which is engaged a lever l 7, designed to impart a movement of translation to the shaft and to the cylinders l and 2. In the drawings has been left out a key mechanism designed to operate the lever 7, as well as another key mechanism serving to direct the shaft 3, according to the. ty es which are tobe printed, because the sai mechanisms have no essential relation tothe present invention. They may be similar, for instance, to those of the type-writing machine patented in United States on January 18, 1901, No. 681,036. The cylinder 2, instead of being invariably secured to the shaft 3, as is the cylinder 1, is so mounted as to enable it to revolve between two fixed rings a c, which prevent it from sliding along the shaft. A portion a2 of the said cylinder is toothed and provided laterally with a series of holes a3 to receive the nose a4 of a dog a5, which serves to lock the cylinder with respect to the shaft. The said dog is pivoted to the ring c', so that on its being engaged in one of the holesc3 by the action of its s ring a6 (see Fig. 5) it locks thecylinder pushed in the direction of the arrow 10, (see F igs. 2 and 5,) the stem of the dog,r a5 comes andv impinges against the standard 4, s'o that the nose (1.* is

IOO

IIO

- the dog again locks b4 isslidable on thel'everb jin land 1s locked in the'oneor Sotherjlof itspos .g Asprin 'bintaverli" i 4tioirotrest.

` c3 andprovid fresh pin e presents i 6 5 sition of the' pins e.

l disenga ed frein thee ,ries tivo grooved seg lever 1s .secured a toothed se inents vment. e2. is

lnder and releases Athe Vhen the sha tis brought back a ain, the cylinder to the sdaft.`

The mechanisfn which servestorno've the cylinder 2 a predetermined angle Staline@l Ona t. U- Tiis mounted a leverb', one end of--wli ments b bt@ With the W eel as.. For this purp tions by means of a pin '68,; y :tached to the main-frame andftothe( tends to bring ythe latter. back finto its posi- (Sho'vvnin the drawings.) On the other hand, one 'end over a roll c, can be attached either to the segment b? or to the-segment bs segment b5 or with the s end of the chain is attac ed to 'a--grooved segment, c2, pivotally mounted 'on the main:

frame,a sat c3, in 'such aj maner'that the rotation of the said se nient in the direction of the arrow- 11' (see lgigs. 2 and `4) produces, through the medium `of the chain c, the rotationof the wheel a,2 in the direction of the arro'w 12 or the 'arrow `13,' according as to Whether the segment b5 or the segment b is putin mesh with thesaid' Wheel.y These ment c2 receives a rocking motion of variab e extent by the action of t e hanld of the operator on a lever d, located alongside'the keyboard of that pie-writingmachine. purpose the ever d carries a grooved4v segment d whiclris connected by a chain d2 to a grooved disk ed with a pin d4, arranged to. meet with and carry forward the segment ci in the direction of thearrow 11. d5 connects the disk da with a balance d", tted toaxedf-stud bX andsubjected to the action of a retreating s ring dq', soas to retrajet the disk and the liever d into the position of rest (shown in the drawirgs) when the` o perator releases the lever d. e extent' Oil t e rocking' or swinging motion ofthesega pin e, secured/,thereto and armeans of ranged to meet with the stop-pins e', secured to a ratchet-disk et Through the effect of a mechanism hereinafter described the diskez is moved forwardy to the extent of a tooth each time the lever d is operated, sc that a 'tself each time in front of the 'pin e to limit it quently the-swinging motion of the segments as that of the cylinder 2 so the latter can, as will he better understood farther on, be subjected to aseries of rnetins, the vaines of which depend on the poln order to be able to ITGYOS, to eachrioting operation is as folldwst. i stud secured to the standard or;

fl 'a chain c, passing according asl .to Whether thewheel a'can mesh :with the ment be. The other.

' Eer that da, loosely mounted on' the stud Another'chain mited 1n a yariablje/rnanner by l s stroke, and conse i 'varythe osition of the said pins at will, use

ismade i all' :tecfa thegp tli'erei's-placed on each o the said arcs of a'circ'le a ,correspondin lholes: heV pins e are' pref-' erablyprovi 'edwith heads and maintained n place bye A l they caribe `easily withdrawn 'and changed as totheholes they are in. f' The forward motion vproduced bymeans of a pawl f, operated by the following device; On a platef secured to Vthe main frame,`isfmounted astudfz, carrying a leverfs, to which the pawlf is pivoted, and 'another lever f, onwhich is vmounted a Swingin finger-f, the end of which can be Inet Wit b a pin f 0, integral with the disk da, said disk moves in the di- Wherebyw ien the rection of the arrow 1l the Ward first the fingerf and .t en with theflatterthe lever f 4 through the medium of an impinging-pinj. The studfz' and the lever f 3 then revolve in the direction of the arrow 14 and pull the pawlf, so as to cause the disk e2 yto move forward to the extent of a tooth. r Then the pin f, passing the finger f5 and releasing the same, is enabled to continue its Way without Jhirther displacement of the i pawl When the disk di comes back to its position of rest by the action of the sprin d through the medium of d di, the pin flslies against the finger f5 and pushes the saine in spite of thetension of the s ring f 8, but Withouty operating the paw he ratchet-disk is prevented from revolving backward by a retaininpawlf, subjected to the action of' a spring 1" t In t position take place in thev usual manner under the influence of the key mech` anisrnI of the type-Writing machine. therefoLe necessary to put thc ivheel a2 in and out of'gear successively with the se ments b5 or b". This result is obtained as fo owe: On the disk d3 is formed a cam'g, arranged to act on aA roll g, mounted on the lever g2, one end of Which is pivoted tothe mainframe and of which the other end is connected by a chain `gB to the lever 7. As soon as the operator acts on the lever d. in the direction of the arrow 15 the disk d3 revolves and the cam g causes the lever gZ to swing in such a/ma'nner that thelever 7 carries the shaft 3 in the direction of the arrow 10. The Wheel a? is thus brought into mesh With one of the segments b5 be. Then the dog of impinges against the upright 4 and sets the wh eel et'. free and enables of the shaft 3 may dependently of the `shaft 3 and of the lcylinder 1.

olla disk e2, .provided with holes e3 at the intersections ofthe circles concentric fthefarcs of acircle` described by ldiske,.forming a` lid', so that.

of llamaba-disk 'is j inf carries for- IOO wheel a2 ie separated frornthe segments b5 bfs y that the rotation of thel cylinders 1 and 2 and v IIC the same to be revolved, with the cylinder` 2,-

count of the segment 'cgbeing carried forward by the pin d until one of the pins e stops the pin e and the divers members which arev in motion. Afterward When the disk d3 is allowed to come back into its position of rest under the action of the Spring (Z7 it is indispensable to prevent the segment b5 or b from causing the Wheel a2 from revolving in a direction opposite to that of the previous movement. For th atv purpose there'is arranged under the plate j" a retaining-pawlh, Winch under the action of a spring acts on a ratchetvvlieel i, formed on the segment c2, so that in spite of the retracting action of the spring b the segments b5 and b, the chain c, and the segment c2 are not brought backward Wlen the disk da itself recedes. Toward the close of the return movement of the latter the cam g is presented in front of the roll g and allows a spring g4 to bring the lever .7, the chain g3,

, and the lever g2 back into their positions of y that if the lever rest, so that the shaft 3 is pushed back and the Wheel c2 moved away from the segment b5 or b". been moved away that the pin d, secured to the disk d3,'co1nes onto an inclined plane h2 of the pawl 7L and moves the latter awayfrom the teeth h. Then the spring b9 bringsthe segments b5 b back into the position of rest' shown in Fig. 3. From the fore oing it will be understood dg is operated several times in succession there will be produced a series of `movements of the cylinder 2 from the temlporary initial direction relatively to the cy in der 1, these movements taking place in the `same direction, being of dierent values and being added to one another. The term temporary initial direction means the position occupied by the cylinder before the op- .of a determined type, the cylinder 2 erator'presses onel of the keys of the keyof. these unsetting chine are so acted upon as to bring the cylinder 1 into the proper pd sition for the printing is at the same time brought intcv such a position that the type put in front of the printing-point Willvary each time. in other Words, to any letterx for instanceeof the row I of the cylinder l may correspondalternatively all the types ofthe corresponding row I of the cylinder 2 in any order whatever.

To write in cryptography or cipher, use is made of one of the segments-$5, for instancein so locating the plate b4 on the lever b that the said segment will be enabled to mesh Witltthe wheel a2. ments then take place in a certain direction.

It is only after vthe wheel a2 hasl The unsetting move- The cylinder l,.corresponding to the keys of the keyboard, furnishes a letter-text, and the cylinder 2 furnishes a cipher or cryptographic text. 0n the contrary, when it is required to translate or transfer a cipher-text the late btis so located that the other segmente, for eXample-will operate the Wheel a2. The operator acts on the keys of the typevvriting machine in following the cipher-text. Thecylinder l then gives a'reproduction of the said text, while the cylinder 2 furnishes a translation in letter-text. It Will be under- -stood that when the cylinders are used in thercverse order the direction Aoi the unsetting movements must be reversed also to obtain the required result.

In order that the translation shall be suitable, the machines used for sending and receiving must of course be identical, and the several membersbf parts of the same must be located identically at the beginning ofthe transcription of a text. It iss-therefore necessary that the initial relati* e settin inders shall be agreed upon before dicated otherwise, that ythe position of the pin-diske2 shall be agreed upon beforehand or indicated, and that the arrangement of Athe pins shall be'the lsame in both machines.

ofthe cylfand or inlnorder to increase the number of ossible combinations and the security of t e .correspondence, the cylinders 1.2 may each be made of'several movable parts-for instance, of several ty e-dislrsthe relative positions of which may e varied at Will. Furthermore, the initial' position of the disk e2 may be determined by means of a hand e5, pivoted on a iixedciphered dial e and the lend of which moves on a ciphered graduation of the' disk e2. Finally, to the disk c2 in a variable manner, as hereinbefore described. l

In the embodiment of the inventionshown in Figs. 8 andi), where the members or arts of the type-Writing machine, proper yso called, are supposed to be arrangedlin the same manner as in the previous case, the' toothed segments b5 b are replaced by toathed, racks Ifo b, moving in straight lines, and the means for o erating the segments, for displacingthe siiaft' of the cylinders, for varying los the extent of the unlocking'motions ofthe cylinder 2, and the like are replaced by means which are substantially equivalent. 1'1 and 2l1 designate the cylinders, one of which is I iixedly mounted on the shaft 3a and the other looselyv mounted on the same. In the rear "izo part of the main frame 4a are secured two pins bl2 Z113, engaged in the longitudinal slide- Ways of a plate b, at the upper end of which v the racks b1 b are carriedon a stud Z215. The

said racks are stamped out of a single piece of metal and are enabled to the stud i y ion a7, secured to the cylinder 2,?. The-plosition ofthe said racks is regni-ated bymeans so swing arnilntlfA l as to mesh alternatively With'a-pik lof a screw b1 acting against the tension of a s ring b1", as is clearly shown in Fig. 8. The s idalole plate b can be raised by means of a dog c, pivoted to a bent lever c, and subjected to the action of a spring c. The lever c swings around a stud c7, secured to the main` frame, and is ap lied by a s ring cs ainst a cam c, secureto a rock-s aft c1. T e latter, carried in bearings c11,is operated from a key d8 through the medium of a link d and of a lever d10, secured to the end of the shaft. It carries also a lever d, connected by a spring d to the main frame in such a manner ,as to return the shaft c10 and the connected parts into the osition shown in the drawings Whenthe key 8 is released. On the stud buis pivoted a disk e7, carrying the pins es. The latter are screwed into the holes e, arranged in ra dial'rows in the disk, and the plate b is p rovided With a heel b, arranged to come into .the path of the said pins. When the operextent of a tooth. A retaining-pawl j 21 I y machine is at rest, the pinion a7' does not lie in the plane of the racks li la. To bring it int-o ator moves the key ds down, and thus causes 'the shaft c*0 to swing, the cam c pushes the lever c5, which raises, by means of its dog c4,

the plate b until the Vheel b meets with one of the pins es. The said members or parts are thus stopped ri idly. Around the disk e7 are formed the rat1et-,teethf, on which acts'a pawl f, mounted on a movable rod f 12 and raised by a springfa. The rodf12 is guided in a slidewayf14 on a. fixed stud f 15 and is pivoted to a leverf, swinging on a fixed stud f 17. The said lever is pressed by a springf against f a-carn fw, secured to the shaft cm, whereby each time the shaft cwis revolved in an inverse direction 'to that of the arrow 17 the awlf11 is pulled back and takes hold of a resh tooth ofthe disk. When the 'shaft is revolved in the direction of the arrow 17 by the downward pressure exercised on4 the key d8, the pawl f, pushed by the action ol' the spring f 18, causes the disk to revolve to the pressed against the teeth f 1.by a spring j' wi prevents the disk from turning backward vwhen lthe pawl f Amoves back.' TWhen the the said plane, the followingde'vi-ce is used; Theshaft' cwcarriesa g", acting on aswinging leverv g ,-eormect'edf by a link g8 to another lever g-whieh swingsfon aithretfl stud'g. The said levefracts, luy-means oil two projections g1? g1'z on a v Tf-shaped piece gia, sWin ing on a studi git'. The end' of the sai piece is engaged in a grooved disk g,- securedl te the. f

shaft. 3. Against the saidi disk acts a lever g1, pulled: by a spring g, sothat the 3a isnorrnallypushed in the direction of the arrow 16,' and the pini-on ai is moved away from theracks. When the cam g. pushes the lever g?, the lever gg'causes the T-shaped piece ga to swing and to: thus dis lace the; shaft.- 3 in fan inverse direction tot at. offthe arrow 16, so that the pinion va! meshesawfith one-of the initial position, the lever q9 is brought to rest pinion a7, and the'piece g13 are 'broughtto rest b a spring gu'. As in the embodiment descri ed in the iirst instance, the cylinder 2a is normally engaged with the shaft 3a by in the holes a of the cylinder under t e inf fluence of a spring al, When the shaft ais arrow, the dog alimpinges against the main frame and moves up straight, so as to remove inder 1, To hold the plate b 11p until the pinion a7 is out of gear with the rack bi or b,

against inclined teeth ressed 'by a spring h5 li The-said pawl has. a stern of the plate b.

the rod f t2.

The operation is asffollows; When the op This vswinging `motion causes the cams f f1, g7, and c5, whereby-thef-disk ve7 is first 'turned to the extent of-a tooth by the-pawl 1. At thesaine time the stem'- t" of the pawl gear with the rack lil or Z3 under'the action 'of the spring c, Thepawl c"'mcves down under the actin of the spring ea; hutthc 'plate b remain-s held up by the pawl h3. the rod f 1' vmoves,hack under' the action of' the spring f 1s, so i that'the pawlf takes hokl of another tooth' ofthe 'disk e7.' Finally, the

heel-piece leidt the rod i strikes; the' stem h" oil the-pawl'hi andfc'auscs the same to release the plate blt', sof'that the latter movesd'cwn just described.

parts oil the hereinbeiormdescrihed mechanmeans, tov 'produce.timer displacementdisplaced in a direction inverse to that of thethe n oseaM from the holes als. The cylinder 25 is then free to turn independently ofthe cyl-l a pawl h3 is arranged on a fixed studl k* andv hl arranged in the path of a heel-piece Il 'of erator acts on the key de, he causes the shaft.

om to swing in thedirection of' the arrow17.

g, and c to operate Jn nccessively the levers' n will be. evident trasmessi; @man from the present invention the strwetura arrangements of the several members 'or racks'bw bn. When'rthe cam g returns to its by a spring g, and the disk g, the shaft 3, a

means of a dog o, which is mounted on the' ring au, and the nose a of which 1s enffaged ha is released by theheel-pieee 58', Vso that the IOC The cylinder 2*b is thus revolved by thefi rack bi orthe rack b to an extent which* vunder" thas action, eti 'the spring h5; .The mechanism is then ready to operate again! as ism may he modiifiedQ-asg. tot' imstaneethe 'I shaft 3 or 3, the movement of the cylinder 2 or 2Ct into gear or out of gear, the variation in the extent of the unsetting movement of the cylinder, and the likel may be replaced by any other equivalent means 5 nor'is it necessary, furthermore, that the unsetting mo vcments shall all be made either in the saine direction or accumulated. Some of the said movements may be positive and others may be substractive. The cylinders may also be so fitted that after each unsettingmovement 'they shall take up a relative position which is invariable.

In the embodiment of the invention shown and described the mechanisml is operated by hand through the medium of a lever d or of a key d". These operative means may b'e replaced by any other suitable means* such, for instance,I as any one of the members or parts of the type-writing machine which shall be put in motionfa'fter the printing of each type or after 4the printing oi a certain number of types or the like.

I claim- 1. In a cryptographic machine, having a keyboard, a revolving type-cylinder, and means for causing the said `-.cylinder to swing,

as jfrom a temporary initial position, predeternnned dlstances corresponding to each key or' the keyboard, the combination of a disk having holes arranged according to several concentric circles and in radial rows, pins fixed in the said holes, at the rate of one pin for each radial row of holes, a member movable in a radial or nearly radial direction and adapted to impinge on the said pins successively, in having on that account, each time, a different amount of motion, and means for changing the temporary initial direction of the cylinder to a variable extent corresponding to the amount of motion of the said mov- 3. Ina cryptographic machine, the combination of a keyboard, a shaft' in operative connection with the keys of the said keyboard, two type-cylinders on the said shaft,

one of the cylinders adapted for moving in# variably in the same direction .Ji th respect to the shaft, and the other cylinder adapted for moving in a variable direction with respect to the shaft, and means for changing the direcy tion in which the latter cylinder moves with respect to the shaft. .i

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HUBERT BURG..

Witnesses: f f

HANSON C. Coxn, MAURICE ROUX.

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