US83769A - Improved brick-machine - Google Patents

Description

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Letters Patent No. 83,769, dated November 3, .1868.

IMPROVED BRICK-MACHINE.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom yit may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD Fsnox, ofthe city of N ew York, in the county and State of ew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Moulding and Pressing Bricks; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact-description thereof, reference 'being had to the annexed drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a front elevation of a brick-machine embodying my improvements.

Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof, showing the hopper, a portion of the mould-carriage, and Que plunger, in section. l

Figure 3 isa plan or t'op view of themachine.

Figure 4 is a vertical section taken transversely through the head-block, two moulds'and two plungers, on the plane of the line :r a', iig. 3.

Figure 5 is a vertical section, taken longitudinally through the head-block, one mould and its plunger, on the plane of the liney y, iig. 3.

Figure (i is a plan or top view of two moulds, showing the plates which form the sides of the moulds.

Figure i' is a plnnview of. the mechanism byfwhich the pressed brick is removed from the face ofthe mouldcarriage.

Figure 8 is a vertical transverse section, taken on the plane of the line z z, iig. 7, showing a sponge or other absorbent of oil in the pusher-block, for lubricating the moulds.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures.

The nature of my invention consists in a system of toggle-bars or levers, for operating the plungers to press the bricks, and to revolve the mould-carriage, whereby great power and precision in operation are obtained; also in providing the head-block, against which the clay is pressed, with perforations for permitting the escape of air or bubbles of water from the clay whilst the same is being pressed and moulded, and with 'a movable plate, which is directly over the moulds, and which can bc removed for planing when necessary; also in a pushing-blockand its actuating-mechanism, as hereinafter described, in combination with the mouldcarriage for moving ther bricks from off the mould-carriage, after the same'..have been delivered up to the face ofthe mould-carriage; also in an. arm, in combination with the plungcrs, for supporting the latter until their lower ends rest upon the inclined plane.

A designates the foundation or bed 'of the machine. B is a driving-Wheel mounted on a shaft, a, and deriving motion from any suitable motor, by means of a belt, a', or any' other suitable mechanism. C is abcvelgear wheel mounted on the shaft a, with which wheel G there engages another' bevel-gear wheel, C', the lat- `ter being mounted on a vertical shaft, D, which has itsbearings, at its lower end, in a box formed in or attachedto the foundation of the machine, land at its upper end in a transverse beam, l), secured to vertical supports, b' b', rising from the topof the machine, or, more definitely speaking, from the top of the hopper E, (asshown in figs. l and 2,) to which latter they are bolted at their lower ends. O11 the top of this vertical sha-ft D a gear-wheel, F, is secured, which engages with lan other gear-iiheel, F', mounted on the top ofthe shaft G of the mixing and forcing-screw or propeller. This mixing-screw or propeller consists in detail (refer to iig. 2) of the shaft- G, to which is secured a number of arms, c c', those, c, serving as mixers, and those, c', as propeller-s, to press the clay downward, and these latter are constructed and arranged much like the wings of a propeller-wheel, and operate in much the same manner.

The hopper E is conical in shape, its greatest diameter being at the top, and the mixing and forcing-propeller G c c is fit-ted to revolve therein, and to conform to the taper thereof. It is wellknown that clay should be properly mixed, even after being ground, before being moulded or pressed into bricks, and these arms c accomplish the mixing thoroughly, and after this the clay drops down to the propeller-wheels c', to be forced by them down into the moulds d d, in the horizontallyrevolving mould-carriage H, as will be understood by reference to iig. 3. This mould-carriage H is mounted on a central post, I, and is arranged to revolve in a horizontal direction, and in such manner as to bring the moulds d d directly under the discharging-end of the hopper E.

J J are the plungers, (see figs. 2, 4, and 5,) which are of a size to fit into the moulds d d, and they are prevented from dropping down too far by a ring or stop-piece, t, attached to the lower face of the mouldcarriage, or formed therewith, as most convenient and desirable, a shoulderI formed upon the lower part of said plunger-s resting on such ring t, as shown in figs. 2 and 5. Any other suitable arrangement may, of course, be employed for preventing the plungers dropping out ofthe moulds whilst passing from the hopper to the pusher-block, presently to be described.

K (refer to iig. l) is a pusher-block for forcing the plungers up in the moulds, at the proper time to press the clay in the moulds into the proper size for bricks. The pusher-block (refer to fig. l) is attached to one of a pair of toggle-bars, e e', the lower bar, e', being journalled in a box, z, secured to the foundation of the machine. At the point where the bars e e are jointed together, there are connected two pitman-rods, f j, arranged parallel with each other, which rods, by means of aA pin passing through an arm or pitman, j, connected to a crankj, upon the shaft c, are jointed to two other rods, j' f', which latter have their outer ends Lpivoted in the foundation of the machine. These rods ff operate as toggle-bars. At the point where the toggle-bars ff are connected together there is also pivoted a rod, g', which is attached to a vertical lever, g, and the said vertical lever is pivoted in the founda.

tion of the machine, so as to have a to-and-fro motion, and at the top of said vertical lever a drawing-pawl, h, is connected by a-ball-joint, or in any other suitable way. The outer end of said draw-pawl h carries a hook, which catches against teeth, fc', (see figs. 1 and 3,) formed upon the periphery of the mould-carriage H, and causes the same to revolve a certain distance at stated intervals of time. This airangement of toggle-bars is an important feature of my improvements. It will be understood that, though I have described two bar s, fj, and two bars, j' f', only one of each can be used, instead of the two, if desirable.

The box s, in which the lower end of the toggle-bar e is pivoted, is bolted or secured tothe fbundation of the machine, in such manner that it can be raised by wedges or blocks placed under it, and thus the two toggle-bars e e can be raised. This provision for a vertical adjustment of the toggle-bars e e enables the bricks 'to be made larger or smaller, as is evident, inasmuch as the upper bar, e, throws the plungers farther or not so far up into the'moulds, and hence the size of the bricks canbe regulated.

L is an inclined plane extending part way round the central post, I, ascending 'from the pusher-block K nearly to the hopper, and then descending, upon which plane the ends of the plungers ride, in order to discharge the bricks from the moulds, as lwill be hereinafter explained.

L', fig. 1, is an arm secured to a lug, d', projecting from the inclined plane, and arranged' in such manner as to be pressed by a spring, af, against the lower part of a plunger, as it comes round to it; and, when each successive plunger is pushed up bythe pusherblock K, the said arm will be forced, by means of said spring, under a shoulder on said plunger; and after the pusherblock K is drawn down, said plunger will rest on said arm, and be supported whilst being carried round, until its lower end rests on the inclined plane L, and hence the plungers, after they have been forced up to press the clay, are not allowed to drop, only a very little, and thus the pressed clay is permitted to expand a very little before it isv forced out of the moulds, and the pressed bricks come out in a perfect state.

N is a beam or head-block, secured at its inner end to the hub I, and at its outer end to a vertical post, M. The said head-block is arranged so as to press upon or very closely to the face ofthe mould-carriage H. The moulds, afterhavin g been filled with clay while under the hopper E, are brought round under this headbloek, and up against it the clay is pressed bythe plungers, in order to forni the bricks. At the point where this head-block rests over the mould-carriage, it is planed truly and evenly; so as to fit snugly.

It has been found that by permitting the air and bubbles of water to escape 'om the clay during the pressing and moulding-operation, muchmore perfect bricks can be produced. I accomplish this object by making slots, q, transversely through the head-block N, (refer to figs. l, 4, and 5,) where the same rests over the moulds, and by making perforations, r, through the wall or face of the head-block N, directly over the moulds. These peiforations are very small, but larger at the top than at thebottom, as shown clearly in figs. 4 and 5, and through these escape the air and bubbles of water which may be in the clay whilst the same is being pressed and moulded. I have shown, in figs. 1 4, and 5, a plate, P, set into the head-block N, under the slots and over the moulds, against which the clay is pressed; and this plate P can be taken out, for planing the same, whenever necessary. rIhe clay which may ooze through these perforations lr can be pushed out of the slots q with a rod or stick.

The moulds d d are lined with plates, s, (refer to rigs. 4, 5, and 6,) which are properly fitted thereirr in any proper manner, as will be seen by reference to fig. 6. These plates can be removed, for smoothing or planing the same, shouldit be necessary, and theyy can be adjusted so as to increase or diminish the size of the mould. Corresponding-sized plungers are, of course, in such cases, to be used.

The means employed for removing the bricks from the face of the mould-czuriage, after the same have been pushed out ofthe moulds, by the-plungers sliding up the inclined plane to a point which brings their faces flush with the top or' the mould-carriage, consists of a block, O, (refer particularly to figs. 1 and 7,) which is connected, by means of an arm, u, to a lever, V, the said lever V being pivoted to a block, w. The outer end of this leverv cam'es a pin, x, which travels in' a groove in a cam, R, secured to the verticalshaft D. The said block O is stea-died and guided by two rods, r r, and it is caused to move back and forth by the lever V, which is actuated by the piu travelling in the cam or groove, and it pushes the bricks off the face of the mould-carriage into or upon any suitable receiver, as lthe same are delivered from the moulds. This block 0 is provided with a cavity, (see dot-ted outlines in fig. 7,) into which is placed .a sponge or other absorbent of oil, so that when the said block is brought over the moulds, the latter a-nd the face of the pluugers will be lubricated, whereby the adhesion ofthe clay to the plungers and the sides of the moulds is, in a great measure, prevented.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

The ground clay is fed into the hopperE in any suitable manner. I have shown, in fig. 1, an 'endless belt, x, carrying cups, which take up the clay and deposit it in a trough leading to the hopper. This clay is thoroughly mixed in the hopper by the arm e, and

forced down into the moulds by the propeller-wings c. The mould-carriage is then revolved by the draw-pawl h, sufhciently to bring another mould or pair of moulds under the hopper, and so on, till the moulds first filled are brought so that the plungers J are directly over the pusher-head K, which, by means of the togglemechanism, throws up said pusher-head, and presses and moulds the clay. As thepusher-head descends, a' shoulder on the plungers rests on the arm L', until carried round far enough for their lower ends to rest upon the inclined plane L. The same operation continues till the moulds containing the pressed and moulded bricks are brought in front of the pusher-block O, where, as before stated, the plungers will have pushed the bricks up even with the face of the mould-carriage, when the pusher-block comes forward and pushes the bricks off. It will be understood that the mould-carriage is at rest whilst the moulds are being filled, and whilst the clay in the moulds is being pressed, the draw-pawl h, at such times, advancing to seize another tooth, to draw the mould-carriage forward, and that, just as the mouldcarriage begins to revolve, the pusher-block advances quickly and pushes oii` the bricks, and reeedes in time to be in position for the next operation.

YVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-' Y' 1. The combination and arrangement of the togglebars e' c and ff', pitmau j, crank and plunger k, with the mould-carriage H, operating substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.

2. The head-block N, provided with slots q, in combinatiou with the plate P, provided with perforations fr fr, substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.

4. The arm L', in* combination with the mould-eari liage H and plungers J, substantiz ily as and for the purposes herein specified.

` EDWARD FARON.

Witnesses:

EDWARD FRY, PETER MARTIN.

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