US836778A - Pneumatic hammer. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED NOV. 27, 1906.

A, J. PATCH.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER,

APPLUTmN Mmm JULYS. 15304i No. SBSJS.

SHEBTSvSHBET 3 NNN x /vNf/f/ lizesses; l (mM/ PATENTE@ Nov. 2v, 1906,

` A. .L PATCH.

PN-EUMATI HAMMER. .Luudoyrzolr nun mwa. 19134.

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' sections taken respectively vare to improve and Simp Vthebarrel of the and regulating unirsi) surge PATENT OFFICE. A

ALLEN J; PATCH, or sscorr,

ILLINOIS.

No. asoma p vivlscossni, A y

Moses a courier, or cnioaeo; incisore, A ooRroRA'rio-s Specicstion Ycui Letters Patent.

'Assioma To minnaars,

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

Patented Nov, 27, 1906.

Application filed .Teig E, R04. Serial No. 215,556.

To (LI/ wwm t 11m/y concern:

, Be it 'known that l., ALLEN J PATCH, a citizen of the United States, residing .at Beloit, in Rock county, State of Wisconsin, have in vented certainnew and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Hammers, of which the followin is a specification.

'Iy invention relates to fluid pressure actuated automatic hammers for chipping, riveting, etc. ,and particularly to the valve mechanism thereof. The objects of the invention iify the action of pneumatic hammers operated by a single valve; to improve the efficiency of the valve `in such hammers for economy in the Huid and to make the action more reliahl Y and eilicient; to rovide a su erior saisit? device to prevent t e hammer om acting on the tool or rivet set when it is removed from its place in action; to simplify the construction an generally improve the structure and operation o pneumatic hammers. These oo}eet s together with other advantages which will hereinafter ap ear,` I obtain by means of the construction s own 1n preferred forms 1n the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section in reierre or short the planeof the handle showing a type of my hammer as designed stroke. l

Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 are cross sections taken'on vlines (2),- (3), (4), and (5,) respece tively, in Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a central longitudinal section of hammer taken in a different lane from that of Figure 1 namely along the -ine of Figure 2.

Figure 7 is a section similar to that of Figure 1 showinga modified form of inlet valve and its mounting in the'handle.

Fi vres 8 and 9 are cross sections taken respectively on the line line (9) of Figures 1 and 7,

Figure 10 is a longitudinal section oi the barre of the hammer-taken in a-plane at an angle to the section of Figures 1 and 7, along 2. gures 11 and in the plane of the lane at an angle owing the safety be used in either gripping handle and in a thereto (see Fig. 16), and s devices to Y24 is made hollow Vthe threaded hub 24 Ysecure the parts together rvhile at the (8) of Figure 1G and the,

form of the valves designed for along stroke hammer.

Y V.Fi Ye 11as is an end elevation of the device showing Vthe means for retaining the tool set.

Figure 13 is a central longitudinal section hammer and the barrel andof the hammer teken in a diierent plane from that of Figure 12 and showing the'piston and valve 'in different positions, the sec tion being on line (13), Fig. 16. Y

Figures 14 to 20 are cross sections taken res actively on the lines (14),

igure 11, line (17) of Figure 12, and lines (1S), (19), and (20) of Figure 13.

Referring first to Figures 1 to 10 which show the evices arranged Jfor a short and rapid strokeV such as desired for a chipping hammer, it will be understood that thetool is automatic and the essential parts Yare the usual barreh'piston chamber, a movable iston therein serving as a hammer, andY grasping handle with arrangements for admitting steam or compressed air to the oper ating valve, so that the tool continuously acts as iong as the manually operated inlet valve is held open to admit the motive iuid. The structure Vwill be apparent from the drawings and from the fol owing description of the operation incidentally describing the structure and arrangement oi the parts.

From Figure 1 it will be seen that the handle for the passage of the rncivo iiuid and it will he understood that in use a iiexible hose is attached and introduces fluid at the openino' 25. The rear end of the barrel 22 is provide With threads 23 which receive ci the handle 24 and same time retaining the man1 valve 46 therein by means of cover plate 19 and also the inlet valvel and casing, held in place as shown bythe face of the handle 245. The

Vhandle is supplied with a trigger 26 which operatesupon' a lever 27 to depress the stem of the inlet valve 28 in its casing 29 against the coiled spring and thrustit into position shown in Figure 1 and 6, whereupon the motive fluid enters through the ports 2i), annular chamber 31the passa e 32, the annular chamber 33, the several e Y and the opening 35 under the forward of the main valve 46, admitting the duid mto the casing 36 behind the piston 3? The (15) and (16) of ongated ports 3i Y edge srs the hollow main va main valve 46 has been before-l` this time thrust backward both by the recoil of the previous stroke of the iston and by the fluid pressure on its smal area 52a as hereinafter described.

The piston moves forward, and when it reaches the position shown in Figure 1 it will be seen that the reduced portion or neck 38 of the piston 37 comes opposite to the ports 39 and 40 leading to the passage 41 and communicating with the passage 32 heretofore described as being supplied with the motive Huid from the inlet valve. By the port 39 the motive uid is admittedfrom passage 41 (Figure 1) and by way of passages 42 and V43- (see Figure 10) and port 44, is admitted behind the large area 45 of the main valve 46.; this pushes the valve forward into the position shown in Figures 10 and 6. It will e seen from Figure 6 especially that this closes the inlets 34 and 35 to the piston chamber, and opens the radial ports 49 leading from passage 48 and ports 47, thus allowing escape of the motive iuid from behind the piston through the port 47, passage 48,

orts 49, the annular space 50 and the exaust outlets 51, as clearly shown in Figure 6. It will be understood of course that at this time the impetus `already given to the iston affects the stroke upon the tool.

It will be seen from Fi ward position of the mam valve opens the small passages 52 between the valve casing and the forward win of .the valve, and ad-l mits live fluid from t e annular space 33 to the small area 52a of the valve and thereupon starts the valve backward again, and at the same time the return ofthe piston is effected, as shown by Figure 1 particularly, by admission of the live pressure from the annular s ace 52 throu h the small port 53 and t ence by way o the passages 54 and 55 and the forward port V56 to the front'of the piston to drive it back to the initial position. It is to be noted that the entry of the piston into lve 46 will form an air cushion behind the same and insure the firm seating of the valve in its rearward position and also prevent the piston from delivering a blow upon the valve or surrounding chambier. In order to fully open the main valve and seat it in its rearward position at the ri ht time the air behind it is first exhausted wien the forward end of piston 37, in its rearward travel, passes ports 59 (Figure 10) and 57 (Figure 6) which establishes communication from port 44 and passages 43 and 42 to passages 58 and 48 (Figure 6) and the outlet ports 49 and 51. The valve then is seated by the pressure on its small area from port 52, which movement closes the exhaust ports and opens ports'34-= It` will of course be understood that when the valve is in its rearward positie the port 59 shown 1n Figscrewing.

e 6 that the for-r ure 1 is open so that there isfree escapement of the fluid in front of the piston by way of the passages 54 a'nd 55, the annular space 50 and the outlet ports 51 as shown in Figure 6. In Figure 6 I have shown a locking device to prevent the unscrewing of the hub 24 of the andle from the barrel 22. It consists' essentially of a ratchet 66 on the stem 65 pressed downward b coiled spring 67 and engaging notches in t e ed e of the end ,23' of the barrell which is toothe for this purpose. The stem is sustained in place by a nut 69 and is provided with a pin 68 which engages a slot in the nut in order to It will be observe( also from this figure and from Figure 1 that the hub 24 of the handle extends forward and has an overhanging lip 7() so as to cover the exhaust ports 51 and act as a deiiector to protect the workman handling the tool.

. The hammer -as shown in Figure 7 is essentially lthe same as the one Vjust above described exce t for the arrangement of the inlet valve. t will be 'observed in this case that the trigger .26 on the handle 24 operates u on the pin 74 of the tubular valve 72 w ose ports 73 register withthe ports of its surrounding casing 71 to admit the fluid into the chamber and passages 31 inthe same manner as `heretofore described; The hammer is otherwise the same in construction and o eration.

1n igures 11 to 2O inclusive I show the devices as designed for a long stroke liarnmer, `and in this modification the, form of the valve is somewhat altered but its operation is essentially the same. lStarting with the parts in the position shown in Figure 11 in which it is left by the return of the piston from the previous stroke, it will be understood that the motive fluid through the ports 77, the simular chamber 78, the plassa e 7 9, port 8U, annularsfpace 81, and t rou the port 82 under the orward edge of the ollow valve 46EL into the piston chamber 84 behind the piston 83 and starts the same forward therein.

When in the forward movement ofthe piston 83 its rear end asses the port 85 the motive fluid is .intro uced to move the valve forward, by entr from the chamber and by the passage 86 see Figure 13), passage 87, port 88, and the radial openings 89 through the rear flange of the valve 46 and vactin on the large area of the valve the motive uid thrusts it forward into the position shown in Figure 12. In this motion the valve first closes the ports88 and ports 89 (Figure l2), which exhaust the forward chamber by passages 9() and 91 and ort 92, then closes ports 82 at the rear, and t en opens the port 93 of Fi re 11, whereupon motive Huid is admit' telfrom assage 79 behind the valve to comnplete its orward motion and then close the revent its un- IOC Y 'Y ber'blv the port 99, so as t() llvl :o gifeu tu the niera 3o Sageg 189 an H0, the ports am 35 fluid Ventfg imm the annular passa way of the small lay-pass 100 Bub 'm 4 -mivnzin Figure 12, and at i 45 theannular space- 95 a-ounl -h vilve.,

5eV g1g); vhfxt 'is remove 55 H7 fiom passage 79.

` 18 and it will be seen mm Figures 11 6o with the Y Y thereby a lows 0f the nunmal opra'mn QS lhan nl the mvtiw Huid.

if will be umlirstoa'ni f Sw upn the tg@ seti. It, will b Y sul? speien ai Figure 12 the orwrggm L lim vale has uncove ilu; small e see-n frgil lgue Calmann. :ai part 162 Vand by ii-'ayro'i ila@ port 104 communicates with h'o gw and alw admission u? w n1 1 and Uf the pison chamber Q l the piston to its backward poimx, 'die in haustrmemmhlc being y way purr Effi? and mssaga 37 ctc.` (Figure Vif en in he rearwad nietig?! the :i is forwar'd nd pagses 'tlm pmt aa in Figures i3 faul l2, the mge the large area of the main Y Yl?? lowed to esca e by way of ilu; ln-'rt (See Figure 13), Lhe'outlet pt 99, Eagan-v Athe passages 9S and 97 and paris 34 and 9610 the at wspllere, thus alhm''ng of turn to its original position. The 'misil Figre 2- wll @lmte upon the small P1 th@ valve Qd Dammit t@ xls raekxmn Y tln; Tins soses the exhaust im iin' Y jfmn'te from of the pxsmn 5y Y l Qasages 91 and 9D and 'bfrjn Y mrFgures H and 12 to the @uit et pan cycle of @pe-rations heretfa l than re etfed.

port and 20 that 'when in its rmrma pign, ivith the tool a plied "5o therrrxeikr, h@ Halve is thrust ha@ far an'l; rt i 3 S*i Y fm llas the ma is inV ne pillie to lha wifi E ba liv.'

n? mul i1, again er te hnat thetwil le fur VM lcd. ma??? l ummm?? lne rpm] lle f valve liv me al rear of the barrel, while the single screw fasl the parts being alined. with the axis of the tening oi' the handle on the rear barrel retains the parts in pluce. rl"he design also al-` lows of so assembling the parts us to avoid the necessity ot' blocking in drilled holes, as they are closed in all eases by the adjoining parts of' the hammer. Other advantages of the device will readily occur to those familiar with the device.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is the following:

1. In a pneumatic hammer a cylindrical shell valve provided with three seating surfaces and an inclined surface, in combination with a valve seat having un annular.' passage adapted to ber closed by said valve in one po sition and opened by the shifting oi said inclined surface, substantially as described.

2. In a pneumatic hammer, in combination with a piston and a cylinder having ports and passages for admitting and eX- hausting the lluid therefrom, a single operating vulve comprising an imperforate cylinder closed at one end and having three seating surfaces and three pressure areas on its outer surface, adapted respectively to receive forward and. back pressure to move it, and an intermediate steadying pressure.

3. In a pneumatic hammer a single operating valve comprising a hollow cylindrical shell closed at one end and ha ving a flared open mouth ada )ted to receive the piston on its return strollre and form an air cushion therefor, substantially as described.

4. In a pneumatic hammer a cylindrical imperforate shell valve, having a closed end und a flared open end to receive the piston, whereby the piston is cushioned and the valve operated in part by the air cushion.

In a pneumatic hammer a main o erating valve comprising a cylindrical shel with closed end, and a flanged base, a second flange forming a smaller' pressure area in iront of the base, and a Aflared mouth having an inclined outside surface adapted to open and close a port in the valve seat by shifting of the inclined surface, substantially as described.

6. In a pneumatic hannner the combination of a barrel, a cylinder liniru in the hariel, a valve seat on the cylinder lining, va main operating valve abutting the end of' the cylinder lining and located in the valve seat, a cover plate for the niain valve, a throttle valve and easing resting on said plate,l and a handle screwed upon the barrel and retaining all of said p arts 1n place, the bearings of all barrel. whereby the removal of the handle permits all the parts to be readily taken out.

T. Vln a pneumatic hummer the combination with a barrel having radial exhaust ports at its rear end, a handle screwed on the barrel and having an integral forwardly extending over-hung shield covering said exhaust ports and` directing the discharge forward, to protect the operators hand.

S. In a pneumatic hammer the combination with a cylinder and a piston therein, of a pneuxnatically operated governing valve comprising a valve seat having an annular inlet passage, and a sliding valve having an inclined. surface adapted to open and close said inlet passage gradually, as the inclined surface moves over the passage, and means for operating the valve by the motion of the piston.

9. In a pneumatic hammer the combination with a cylinder and a piston, ports and passages and a main valve adapted to control the piston. and a feed passage to the forward end of' the cylinder to return the piston, said passage heilig independent of the inlet for the forward drive, and a regulating valve beyond the main valve therein con trolling the size of said assagc, whereby the speed of the return strole may be regulated without interfering with the forward stroke.

1U. In a pneumatic hammer the combination with the cylinder having the outlet passage 112, of the tool set shiftable in the cylinder, and the safety valve 1 15, comprising a bar resting on the tool set and having an opening 11S registering with the passage 112 when the tool setis under pressure, and said bar being exposed directly to live pressure on its rear end, so that said passages are automatically closed when pressure on the tool set is released. A

11. In a pneumatic hammer the combination with a barrel and piston and suitable ports and passages for operating the piston therein, of an inlet port to the barrel and an adjacent valve seat with a port for admission of fluid `upon the valve to return the same, and a sliding valve controlling both said )ortis and having an inclined face coperatnig with the scat to gradually close the second port as the valve slides over it.

In testimony whereof I have hereunder signed my name in the presence of the two subscribed witnesses.

' ALLEN J. PATCH. wlitnesses:

I. U. BRooKs, GEO. B. INGERsoLL.

IOO

IIC

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