US8367229B2 - Perpendicular magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus - Google Patents
Perpendicular magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US8367229B2 US8367229B2 US12/678,086 US67808608A US8367229B2 US 8367229 B2 US8367229 B2 US 8367229B2 US 67808608 A US67808608 A US 67808608A US 8367229 B2 US8367229 B2 US 8367229B2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B5/64—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent
- G11B5/66—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent the record carriers consisting of several layers
- G11B5/672—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising only the magnetic material without bonding agent the record carriers consisting of several layers having different compositions in a plurality of magnetic layers, e.g. layer compositions having differing elemental components or differing proportions of elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a perpendicular magnetic recording medium, and a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus using the perpendicular magnetic recording medium.
- crystal grains of a recording layer for recording information has an easy axis of magnetization in a direction perpendicular to a substrate.
- the easy axis of magnetization is an axis in the direction of which magnetization easily points.
- the easy axis of magnetization is an axis (c-axis) parallel to the normal line of a (002) crystal plane of a hexagonal closest-packed structure of Co. Therefore, an influence of a demagnetizing field between recording bits is small even when the recording density increases, and the magnetization is magnetostatically stable.
- a perpendicular magnetic recording medium has a seed layer, an intermediate layer, a magnetic recording layer and an overcoat formed in this order on a nonmagnetic substrate.
- a lubricating layer is applied on the surface after film forming of the overcoat.
- a magnetic film called a soft-magnetic under layer is ordinarily provided under the seed layer.
- the seed layer and the intermediate layer are formed for the purpose of further improving the characteristics of the magnetic recording layer. Specifically, they have a function of aligning crystals in the magnetic recording layer and also of controlling the shape of magnetic grains.
- One method is a method of decreasing the magnetic interaction between magnetic crystal grains in the intra-film plane direction by magnetically separating and isolating magnetic crystal grains of the recording layer.
- Another method is a method of decreasing the grain size of magnetic crystal grains.
- the method includes, for example, a method of adding SiO 2 to the recording layer to form a perpendicular magnetic recording layer having a so-called granular structure in which magnetic crystal grains are surrounded with the grain boundary region containing a large amount of SiO 2 .
- a so-called composite media in which an auxiliary layer made of soft magnetic grains is provided on or under the perpendicular magnetic recording layer (main recording layer) having the above granular structure (for example, Non-Patent Document 1, Patent Document 1).
- a hard magnetic film as the main recording layer and a soft magnetic film as the auxiliary layer it becomes possible to invert at a lower applied magnetic field than that of a conventional perpendicular magnetic recording medium if the auxiliary layer portion initiates magnetization inversion upon application of the magnetic field from the head first. It is also possible to control exchange coupling between the main recording layer and the auxiliary layer thereby designing a perpendicular magnetic recording medium having optimum characteristics by providing a nonmagnetic film between the main recording layer and the auxiliary layer.
- the main recording layer also has an exchange interaction in the in-plane direction of the substrate, the exchange interaction between the main recording layer and the auxiliary layer decreases, and thus only the auxiliary layer causes magnetization inversion first and the effect of reducing the reversing magnetic field decreases. Furthermore, the magnetic moment inverted alone of the auxiliary layer becomes a noise component and recording and reproducing characteristics deteriorate.
- Non-Patent Document 1
- the present invention has been made and an object thereof is to provide a perpendicular magnetic recording medium which has both satisfactory thermal stability, and recording and reproducing characteristics, and also enables high recording density by decreasing exchange coupling in the in-plane direction of the substrate of a main recording layer, and a magnetic recording apparatus using the same.
- the present invention provides the aspects shown below.
- a perpendicular magnetic recording medium including a nonmagnetic substrate, and at least a soft magnetic layer (SUL), an alignment control layer, a magnetic recording layer and a protective layer formed on the nonmagnetic substrate; wherein the magnetic recording layer is constituted of two or more layers and includes a first magnetic recording layer and a second magnetic recording layer from the nonmagnetic substrate side and, regarding magneto crystalline anisotropic energy (K u ) of each magnetic recording layer, the first magnetic recording layer has 4 ⁇ 10 6 (erg/cc) or higher and the second magnetic recording layer has 2 ⁇ 10 6 (erg/cc) or lower, wherein the first magnetic recording layer is constituted of CoCrPtRu magnetic alloy crystal grains and grain boundaries made of an oxide and the area of grain boundaries is 30% or more based on the entire area in a planar TEM observation of the first magnetic recording layer.
- SUL soft magnetic layer
- the perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to (1) which includes an exchange coupling control layer between the first magnetic recording layer and the second magnetic recording layer.
- a magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus including a magnetic recording medium, and a magnetic head for recording information on the magnetic recording medium and reproducing information from the magnetic recording medium, wherein the magnetic recording medium is the perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to any one of (1) to (3).
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a structure of a perpendicular magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.
- Nonmagnetic substrate 2 Soft magnetic layer (SUL) 3: Seed layer 4: Intermediate layer 5-1: First magnetic recording layer 5-2: Exchange coupling control layer 5-3: Second magnetic recording layer 6: Protective layer 100: Magnetic recording medium 101: Medium drive unit 102: Magnetic head 103: Head drive unit 104: Recording and reproduction signal processing system
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to the present invention.
- the perpendicular magnetic recording medium 100 of the present invention has a structure, for example, wherein on a nonmagnetic substrate 1 , at least a soft magnetic layer (SUL) 2 , a seed layer 3 and an intermediate layer 4 constituting an alignment control layer for controlling the alignment of a film immediately above, a perpendicular magnetic layer 5 , and a protective layer 6 are stacked in this order.
- the perpendicular magnetic recording layer 5 is constituted of a first recording layer 5 - 1 as a main recording layer, an exchange coupling control layer 5 - 2 and a second magnetic recording layer 5 - 3 as an auxiliary layer.
- any nonmagnetic substrate such as an Al alloy substrate containing Al as a main component, for example, an Al—Mg alloy, or a substrate made of ordinary soda glass, aluminosilicate glass, amorphous glass, silicon, titanium, ceramic, sapphire, quartz, or any of various resins, can be used.
- an Al alloy substrate or a glass substrate made of crystallized glass or amorphous glass etc. is often used.
- a mirror-polished substrate and a low-Ra substrate of Ra ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ ) are preferable.
- the substrate may have a texture if it is insignificant.
- cleaning and drying of a substrate are first performed. Also in the present invention, in terms of ensuring adhesion of each layer, it is desirable to perform cleaning and drying before forming of the layer. Cleaning includes cleaning by etching (inverse sputtering) as well as cleaning with water.
- the substrate size is not particularly specified.
- the soft magnetic layer (SUL) is provided in many perpendicular magnetic recording media.
- the soft magnetic layer (SUL) has the function of introducing a recording magnetic field from a head to efficiently apply a perpendicular component of the recording magnetic field to the magnetic recording layer at the time of recording a signal on the medium.
- a material having soft magnetic characteristics such as a FeCo-based alloy, a CoZrNb-based alloy or a CoTaZr-based alloy can be used.
- the soft magnetic layer is of an amorphous structure, because taking an amorphous structure is effective, in preventing an increase in surface roughness (Ra) and enables a reduction in the flying height of the head and further increasing the recording density.
- Ra surface roughness
- the soft magnetic layer is of an amorphous structure, because taking an amorphous structure is effective, in preventing an increase in surface roughness (Ra) and enables a reduction in the flying height of the head and further increasing the recording density.
- Ra surface roughness
- the total thickness of the soft magnetic layer (SUL) is from about 20 to 120 nm. However, it is appropriately determined according to the balance between the recording and reproducing characteristics, and the overwrite characteristics.
- the alignment control layer is constituted of a plurality of layers and includes so-called seed and intermediate layers from the substrate side.
- the seed layer has the function of controlling the grain size and crystal alignment of the intermediate layer and the magnetic recording layer.
- the material of the seed layer is preferably Ta, Ni having a (111) plane-aligned face-centered cubic crystalline structure, or a Ni alloy such as Ni—Nb, Ni—Ta, Ni—V or Ni—W.
- Ra may increase according to the material and film forming conditions. Therefore, Ra is decreased by forming a nonmagnetic amorphous layer between the soft magnetic layer (SUL) and the seed layer, thus making it possible to improve the alignment of the magnetic recording layer.
- the material of the intermediate layer is preferably a material having a hexagonal closest-packed structure, such as Ru, Re, or an alloy thereof. Since the intermediate layer has the function of controlling the alignment of the magnetic recording layer, the material for controlling the alignment of the magnetic recording layer can be used even if it does not have a hexagonal closest-packed structure.
- the total thickness of the alignment control layer is preferably 5 (nm) or more and 20 (nm) or less according to the balance between the recording and reproducing characteristics, and the overwrite characteristics.
- the gas pressure at the time of film forming of the intermediate layer is preferably 3 (Pa) or more, and more preferably 10 (Pa) or more.
- the perpendicular magnetic recording layer in the present invention is a main recording layer and is constituted of a first magnetic recording layer having a high K u value, an exchange coupling control layer for increasing exchange coupling between the first magnetic recording layer and a second magnetic recording layer, and a second magnetic recording layer which is an auxiliary layer and has a low K u value.
- K u of the first magnetic recording layer is preferably 4 ⁇ 10 6 (erg/cc) or higher and K u of the second magnetic recording layer is preferably 2 ⁇ 10 6 (erg/cc) or lower.
- ferromagnetic exchange coupling between the first magnetic recording layer and the second magnetic recording layer causes magnetization inversion at a lower external magnetic field than that when the second magnetic recording layer does not exist.
- the second magnetic recording layer having a low K u value initiates magnetization inversion first
- the first magnetic recording layer also causes magnetization inversion by exchange coupling between the first and second magnetic recording layers so as to be drawn to the second magnetic recording layer (magnetization inversion mode called incoherent rotation).
- magnetization inversion mode called incoherent rotation
- K u of the first magnetic recording layer is preferably adjusted to be within a range from 4 ⁇ 10 6 to 7 ⁇ 10 6 (erg/cc), and K u of the second magnetic recording layer is preferably adjusted to be within a range from 0.5 ⁇ 10 6 to 2 ⁇ 10 6 (erg/cc).
- At least one layer of the first magnetic recording layer in the present invention has a granular structure constituted of ferromagnetic CoCrPtRu magnetic alloy crystal grains and grain boundaries made of nonmagnetic oxide.
- the area of grain boundaries is preferably 30% or more.
- the magnetic crystal material of the first magnetic recording layer those containing Co, Cr, Pt, and Ru as essential components (CoCrPtRu magnetic alloy essential component) and also containing an oxide for formation of a granular structure added therein are preferably used. It is possible to use, as the oxide, at least one element selected from Al, B, Bi, Ca, Cr, Fe, Hf, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ru, Si, Ta, Ti, W and Zr. It is also possible to add an oxide of two or more elements.
- the area of grain boundaries of the first magnetic recording layer of the present invention is more preferably adjusted to be within a range from 30% to 40%, and most preferably from 32% to 35%.
- the transition metal element is preferably added so that CoCrPtRu magnetic alloy crystal grains contain 3 to 8 (atomic %) of at least one transition metal element selected from Al, V, Ti, Mo, Nb, Zr, W, Ta, Hf and Re.
- CoCrPtRu magnetic alloy crystal grains contain 3 to 8 (atomic %) of at least one rare earth element selected from Gd, Tb, Sm, Ce, Nd and Pr.
- the formulation of the first magnetic recording layer can be adjusted so that K u of the first magnetic recording layer is 4 ⁇ 10 6 (erg/cc) or higher and also the area of grain boundaries of the first magnetic recording layer is 30% or more. It is also possible to adjust the component ratio (mol %) of a CoCrPtRu magnetic alloy (total of Co, Cr, Pt and Ru as essential components and an element to be added so as to suppress oxidation of Co) and an oxide constituting grain boundaries so that K u of the first magnetic recording layer is 4 ⁇ 10 6 (erg/cc) or higher and also the area of grain boundaries of the first magnetic recording layer is 30% or more.
- the average grain size of magnetic crystal grains forming the first magnetic recording layer is preferably 3 (nm) or more and 10 (nm) or less.
- the average grain boundary width is preferably 1 (nm) or more and 2 (nm) or less.
- the average crystal grain size and the average grain boundary width as well as the area of grain boundaries can be calculated using planar TEM observation images.
- the first magnetic recording layer may have a multilayered structure constituted of two or more layers made of these materials. In that case, at least one layer has the above granular structure.
- the material of the exchange coupling control layer a nonmagnetic material can be used.
- the material is appropriately determined, but is usually an element having a hexagonal closest-packed structure, such as Ru or Re, or an alloy.
- the film thickness of the exchange coupling control layer is preferably within a range where exchange coupling between the first magnetic recording layer and the second magnetic recording layer is ferromagnetic coupling. In the present invention, the film thickness of the exchange coupling control layer is preferably within a range of 0.3 to 2.5 nm.
- the protective layer is a layer for protecting the medium from damage caused by contact with a head.
- a carbon film or a SiO 2 film etc. is used as the protective layer, and the carbon film is ordinarily used.
- a sputtering or plasma CVD method etc. is used, and the plasma CVD method has been ordinarily used in recent years.
- a magnetron plasma CVD can also be used.
- the film thickness is from about 1 (nm) to 10 (nm), preferably from about 2 (nm) to 6 (nm), and more preferably from 2 (nm) to 4 (nm).
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a perpendicular magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus using the above perpendicular magnetic recording medium.
- the perpendicular magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 2 includes the magnetic recording medium 100 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 , a medium drive unit 101 which drives and rotates the magnetic recording medium 100 , a magnetic head 102 which records information on the magnetic recording medium 100 or reproduces information from the magnetic recording medium 100 , a head drive unit 103 which moves the magnetic head 102 relative to the magnetic recording medium 100 , and a recording and reproduction signal processing system 104 .
- the recording and reproduction signal processing system 104 can process data supplied from the outside to obtain a recording signal, supply the recording signal to the magnetic head 102 , and process a reproduction signal from the magnetic head 102 to send data to the outside.
- any of magnetic heads suitable for higher-density magnetic recording those having a GMR element using a giant magneto-resistive (GMR) effect and a TuMR element using a tunneling effect can be used.
- GMR giant magneto-resistive
- a vacuum chamber in which a glass substrate for HD was set was evacuated in advance to become 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 (Pa) or less.
- a soft magnetic layer As a soft magnetic layer (SUL), a Co10Ta5Zr film having a thickness of 20 (nm), a Ru film having a thickness of 0.6 (nm) and a Co10Ta5Zr film having a thickness of 20 (nm) were formed at a gas pressure of 0.6 (Pa) in an Ar atmosphere. Subsequently, as a seed layer, a Ni10W film having a thickness of 8 (nm) was formed at 0.6 (Pa). As an intermediate layer, a Ru film having a thickness of 10 (nm) was formed at a gas pressure of 0.6 (Pa) and a Ru film having a thickness of 10 (nm) was formed at 10 (Pa), in an Ar atmosphere.
- a Ru film having a film thickness of 0.6 (nm) was formed at a gas pressure of 0.6 (Pa) (Examples 1-1 to 1-4).
- a Co10Cr5Pt5B film having a thickness of 7 (nm) was formed at a gas pressure 0.6 (Pa) in an Ar atmosphere.
- Hn is about 2,000 (Oe) (1 Oe is about 79 A/m) and thermal stability is ensured, and also SNR shows a high value.
- Hn decreases.
- the perpendicular magnetic recording medium and the magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus using the magnetic recording medium of the present invention can be used in the field of an information technique, and has high industrial applicability.
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- Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
- Thin Magnetic Films (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, Vol. 41, pp. 537
Patent Document 1: - Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-172601
(2) The perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to (1), which includes an exchange coupling control layer between the first magnetic recording layer and the second magnetic recording layer.
(3) The perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to (1) or (2), wherein the first magnetic recording layer contains 3 to 8 atomic % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, V, Ti, Mo, Nb, Zr, W, Ta, Hf, Re, Gd, Tb, Sm, Ce, Nd and Pr in CoCrPtRu magnetic alloy crystal grains, and also contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Bi, Ca, Cr, Fe, Hf, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ru, Si, Ta, Ti, W and Zr in grain boundaries.
(4) A magnetic recording and reproducing apparatus including a magnetic recording medium, and a magnetic head for recording information on the magnetic recording medium and reproducing information from the magnetic recording medium, wherein the magnetic recording medium is the perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to any one of (1) to (3).
1: | Nonmagnetic substrate | ||
2: | Soft magnetic layer (SUL) | ||
3: | Seed layer | ||
4: | Intermediate layer | ||
5-1: | First magnetic recording layer | ||
5-2: | Exchange coupling control layer | ||
5-3: | Second magnetic recording layer | ||
6: | Protective layer | ||
100: | Magnetic recording medium | ||
101: | Medium drive unit | ||
102: | Magnetic head | ||
103: | Head drive unit | ||
104: | Recording and reproduction signal processing system | ||
TABLE 1 | ||||||||
First magnetic recording | Ku | Oxide grain | Second magnetic | SNR | OW | Hc | −Hn | |
Samples | layer (mol %) | (erg/cc) | boundaries | recording layer | (dB) | (dB) | (Oe) | (Oe) |
Example 1-1 | 88(Co5Cr20Pt8Ru8Ti)- | 5.3 × 106 | 34% | Co10Cr5Pt5B | 16.6 | 40.0 | 4239 | −2006 |
12(SiO2) | (Atomic %) | |||||||
Example 1-2 | 88(Co5Cr20Pt8Ru8Mo)- | 5.1 × 106 | 33% | Ku = 1.3 × 106 | 16.8 | 41.2 | 4156 | −1974 |
12(SiO2) | (erg/cc) | |||||||
Example 1-3 | 88(Co7Cr20Pt8Ru5Nd)- | 5.8 × 106 | 32% | 16.5 | 39.6 | 4287 | −2126 | |
12(SiO2) | ||||||||
Example 1-4 | 88(Co7Cr20Pt8Ru5Tb)- | 5.8 × 106 | 33% | 16.8 | 40.4 | 4188 | −1994 | |
12(SiO2) | ||||||||
Comparative | 92(Co5Cr20Pt8Ru8Ti)- | 6.6 × 106 | 25% | 14.2 | 45.4 | 3782 | −1452 | |
Example 1-1 | 8(SiO2) | |||||||
Comparative | 92(Co5Cr20Pt8Ru8Mo)- | 6.5 × 106 | 23% | 14.5 | 46.2 | 3732 | −1529 | |
Example 1-2 | 8(SiO2) | |||||||
Comparative | 92(Co7Cr20Pt8Ru5Nd)- | 6.6 × 106 | 23% | 14.3 | 45.1 | 3873 | −1534 | |
Example 1-3 | 8(SiO2) | |||||||
Comparative | 92(Co7Cr20Pt8Ru5Tb)- | 6.7 × 106 | 24% | 14.3 | 44.9 | 3821 | −1551 | |
Example 1-4 | 8(SiO2) | |||||||
Comparative | 88(Co7Cr20Pt8Ru)- | 6.4 × 106 | 28% | 15.2 | 45.2 | 3735 | −1732 | |
Example 1-5 | 12(SiO2) | |||||||
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007259306A JP2009087501A (en) | 2007-10-03 | 2007-10-03 | Perpendicular magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording and reproducing device |
JP2007-259306 | 2007-10-03 | ||
PCT/JP2008/067744 WO2009044733A1 (en) | 2007-10-03 | 2008-09-30 | Vertical magnetic recording medium and magnetic recording and reproducing device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20100246060A1 US20100246060A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101809659B (en) | 2012-10-17 |
WO2009044733A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
CN101809659A (en) | 2010-08-18 |
US20100246060A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
JP2009087501A (en) | 2009-04-23 |
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