US836249A - Excavating machinery. - Google Patents

Description

No-836,249. I PATENTED Nov. 20,1966;

. 'WLPERRIS. EXOAVATING MACHINERY}. APPLIOATION FILED. QOT.6, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A TTOR/VE PATENTED Nov. 20, 1906.

W. EBRRIS'. I EXAGAVATING MACHINERY.

APlLIOATION I'ILED OOIHQ, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' ATTOR z enof the United-States, residing at South ;Milwaukee, county of Milwaukee, State of UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFIOE.

WALTER FERRIS, OF SOUTH MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO THE BUOYRUS COMPANY, OF SOUTH- MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A

CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

EXQAVATING MACHINERY.

n ssazae; 1

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed October 6, 1905. Serial No. 281,694.

Patented Nov. 20,1906."

To aZZ wh'orn it may concern; 7

Be it known that I, WALTER FERRIS, a citi- Wisconsin, have invented certain new and I useful Im roverne'nts in ExcavatingMachim cry; and

do hereby declare the following to be' a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as X will. enable others skilled in theart to which it. appertainsto make and use the same.

The invention relates to excavating machinery, and more articularly to dipper-excavators, and has or its object to improve and simplify the-mechanism foroperating the dipper and for supporting theboom, to

the en that the severe twisting and tor- .sionalfstrains towhich apparatus of this character is subjected will be in a large measure avoided, .whereby eflicient operation of theymachine will be insured underall conditions of service and the wear and tear on the various machine parts will be materially reduced.

is a side elevation of the forward part of an excavator embodying the principles of my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof.

, Figs. 3 and 4 are a plan view and a side elevation, respectively of the improved form of di. per-handle n the ordinary excavator, particularly with which' the dipper is supplied. Z In forcing the dipper up through the bank-in which the cut is being made if one corner of the dipper or one of the teeth located to one side of the axisline strikes .arock or otherobstruction while therest of. the bankis soft, the strain is shifted far overto one side ofthe center line,,anda severetwisting action is set up in the; dipper-handle. More or less of this twisting action is going on at all-times in ordinarysteam-shovel work, and it is a matter of commonknowledge that it causes a great dealof breakage of dipper-handles and rapid wearing of thrusting-pinions, saddle-blocks,

5o and'other appurtenant parts of the dipper- In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 operating mechanism Furthermore, in the ordinary swinging operation of the boom as the dipper is being moved back and forth from the cut a considerable reaction or drag,

due to the inertia of the dipper, isset up,

which tends to pry apart theordinary form of'boom through which the dipper-handle passes.

boom to the collar on the A-frame. are ar- Furthermore, in the usual form of excavator the guy rods or supports for the .boom extendingfrom the outer end of the ranged parallel with each other, so that if the boom receives an excessive load atone side near the upper end the tendency of the boomunequal load is eventually resisted by. the

torslonal strength of the boom itself twisting or reacting against the foot-sockets,

which not infrequently results in badly deforming or-even rupturing the boom or'its supports. J c I The object of the present invention is to obviate these various difiiculties and the in ventionin its broadest aspects consists in sustaining the dipper from two widely-se arated points by means of separate cab es, which are taken in at the same rate 'of speed without regard to the load carried by each, v

preferably constructing the dipper-handle of two parallel sections or bars, which straddle the boom and cooperate with separate thrusting-pinions on each side of the boom, and in providing a set of guys or supports for the excavator boom, extendingfrom the boom to the A-frame collar, and'so arranged as to prevent equalization of the loads delivered to the boom-guys through the A-frame collar. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, a indicates the carbody upon which the steam-shovel excavator is supported and from whichthe dipper is operated in the usual well-known manner;

Pivotally mounted upon the front of the carbody is the boom 5, which supports the dipper and the, operating mechanism therefor.

The dipper 'l, which is of the usual form, having a hinged bottom and .providedwith IOO digging-teeth on its front edge, is supported by a handle, which latter consists of two parallel bars or sections 0, connected at the igto-the shaft upon which: the pinions may be mounted, and therespective gears g are driven by means ofgears h on the crankshaft'of the engine i, mounted on the boom.

' -This construction of divided dipper-handle permits a continuous undivided boom to be employed, thereby omitting the usual slot in the boom, through which the dipper-handle passes in. the ordinary type of excavator,

which slot greatly weakens the boom without in any way strengthening the dipper-handle, and also affords a very undesirable connection between the dipper-handle and the boom, which tends to cause the former to pry the boom apart when the handle is subjected to the lateral strains incident to the ordinary operation of the machine. This tendency of the dipper-handle to pry open the divided boom, as heretofore employed, 18 particularly noticeable when the boom is being swung from side to side, and the inertia of the dipper and its handle causes one side of the latter to enga e the lower edge of the boom, while the ot er side of the undivided handle comes in contact with the upper inside edge of the boom, thereby producing all of the efiects of a powerful lever tending to split the boom apart. By employingthe divided dipper-handle, which straddles the boom and engages separate thrusting-pinions overhanging the, sides of the boom, the force required to accelerate the dipper in starting or stop ing the swinging movement ofthe boom and dipper is communicated by a push and pull upon the respective thrusting;pinions', which is dissipated without injurious effect upon any of the parts.

Connected to widely-separated points on the dipper, and preferably to suitable eyes or yokes m, attached near the upper rear corners thereof, are two separate suspendingcables n n, by means of which the dipper is raised and loweredthat is to say, the cables n n are drawn out by the fall of the dipper when the latter is permitted to move into position to take a fresh cut and are taken in to force thedipper-into the bank and also to lift the dipper 1n the digging operation. It

will be evident that if the suspending-cables n n, which may, of course, be in the form 'of' ropes,-cha1ns, or any other flexible connectmg means, are taken 1n at the same rate of s eed durin the di in o eration. of the I g g P ipper, each cable W11 normally support its proper proportion of the load; but should any unequal loading of the dipper occur-as,

. for example, when it strikes a heavy stone or other obstruction in passin upward through the bankthe division of the hoisting-strain between the two cables is immediately shift' ed, and the particular cable which is attached to the side of the bucket upon which the strain is imposed receives practically all the load, while the other cable 1s correspondingly relieved of strain. The effect of this arrangement is tolpractically protect the dipper-handle from .torsional stress and to throw the whole of said torsional stress .into

the boom by way of thehoisting-gear instead of through the dipper-handle, as is usually done' in the ordinary arrangement of boom and dipper-handle.

Any suitable mechanism may be em loyed for taking in the cables n n during t e digging .operationsuch, for example, as .a single winding-drum on the car-body or other support for the excavator, to. which winding-drum the cables n n are led over the boom through a suitably-arranged fair-lead at the foot of the boom or by lacing the winding drum or drums on the 00m, and if two drums are employed driving the same at the same rate of speed, so that both of said cables will be taken in at the same uniform rate. In the form of the invention illustrated, which is only one of many possible arrangements of hoisting apparatus within contemplation of this invention, two winding-drums 0 o are mounted upon a shaftp,

journaled on the outer end of the boom, said drums being of the same size and each having an end of the correspondin cables 12, a secured thereto, so that as said rurns are rotated the cables n n will be wound-upon the respective drums at the same rate of speed. A simple and effective mode of driving the drums 00 at the same rate of speed consists I of a cable 1', which is wound in an opposite direction upon a hoisting-drum q, preferably of considerably larger diameter than the said winding-drums, said drum q being fast to the shaft p, upon which drums 0 0 are secured. The cable 1* is led along the boom and under an appropriate fair-lead s to the power-drum on the car-body. It will be noted that this arrangement" of the two winding-drums of out imposing heavy weights on the boom.

smaller diameter than the hoisting-drum g,

y Should it be found desirable, the drums o, and g, forming the'difierential drum, may

V be located on the boom belowthe shippershaft and the cables an led over-suitable guide-pulleys on the end'of the boom. Furthermore; -i=t,is feasible toedispense with the drum and. operate the-shaft p by means of suitab e=gearing,' mounted .in part upon said g. shaftp and in partupon apower-shaft running longitudinally of the boom. Under 'cer- 1 tain' conditions,- -a. sp'rocketand-chain drive may be'substituted-for'th'e drum g and the cableur, and infact any appropriate means invention. f :i

for imparting the same speedof rotation to the drums 0 0, Wherever the same may be cated, is within the purview of the present e vInorder to-relieve the'b'oom itself from a large proportion of -the torsional strains whiche'wou'ld. otherwise result from this new arrangementof hoisting-gear, as well as from the forms of hoisting-gear lheretofore' in use,

thereis'provided aspecialform and arrangement of boom.- ys,,which serve to so -distri,b utetthe iload t at it'is 'takenzup by the A- frame Without imposing torsional strains l. upon the boom. Inthe ordinary arrangementof boom-guys the twoguy-rods are ar- -*ranged'inparallel relation on'e'aoh sideof the" boom-and are connectedatrtheir ends to the {outer endof' the boomr'and' to lugs on either :side-oftheArframe collar, With this system by i neans.of-tjhe'Afrar'ne collar as'an'equalizer,:to the boom-guy onthe'other side, and

' -of supporting the boom ifthe latter receives an excessive load at one side near the upper endnthe guy on that sidetransmits the strain,

I -'the ultimate strain is evidenced as a torsional or twisting effect in the boom,-Which,-is to be resisted by-thestrengthof the boom itself or the thrust: against. the foot-sockets of the .boome n'To obviate this difiiculty and torealieve-the boom of twisting-strains, -according to the present" invention the guy-rods connected to the boom and :A-fram'e are made divergent, so-t'hat the Aefra'me collar will not usual form of parallel guy-rods, each attached at one. end to theend of theboom and at the Y other tothe sideof the collaro of the A- f'rameConnedted to the same points on the boom end and 'the'A frame collar'are diagonal: guy-rods to}. preferably formed of separate links andconnected toa cross-bar y,

' whichjoins the sections of-t'heparallel guys u at theirfmiddle points. thisdiagonalarrangem'ent of 'boom-guys l't will be apparent that a load imposed at one'point of attach- "ment ofIeit-her rod tO the-b'oon end will be transmitted tobnthequally divided between the two-ends of the A-frame collar, so that the latter will not turn under the strain and transmit the strain in the opposite direction to the other sideoftheboom. e By thismeans when the boom receives an excessive stress on one side that sideis: supported and the torsional strain of the boom largely or entirely obviated, while the I v, s transmitted to the A-frame, which ,is intended to receive the same; i l

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to see by Letters Patn v 1. In an excavator, boom-supported dipper, s

endingcables means for taking in said cables at the same vented from twisting urider'un'evenlydistributedstressesfl Y 2; Inan excavator, the'combination of a boom-supported dipper, se arate suspendingcables connected to said ippernear the hp per'rearcorn'ers thereof, and means for taking in said cables-at the same rate of'speed;

ing-under unevenly-distributed stresses.

boonfsupported" dipper, suspending cables connected-to said dipper at twopoint's, and winding mechanism for taking in said cables at the same rate of speed; -whe reby the dipper is prevented from twisting under unevenl -di stri-bnted stresses. 1 4. in an excavator, the combination of a boom-supported dipper, suspending-"cables connected to said dipper at twolpoints, winding-dr umsfor the respective suspending-ca- 'bles,-.andmeans for operating said drums at the samer'ate'ofspeed. Q i

5. In an excavator, the combination of a boomsupported dipper, suspending-cables connected to said dipper at two points, wind- --bles, and a power-drum 'connectedto said winding-drums for operating the latter at the same rate of speed. i

- 6.*In an excavator, the combination of a boom-sup 'orted" dipper," 'suspending cables confie'cted lzo said d'ipper at two, points, winding-drums fort-he resp'ective 'cables, and a power-drum for operating the latter at the same-rate of speed, the said being mounted upon theboom'.

"ported excavating-dipper, comprising a sm- 5 running from separate points [of connection 'with the dipper to the boom, and means for ope'ratively connecting the'ihoi sting cable andthetwo suspending-cables.

I a; Hoisting-gear f operating a boom-supconnected to'said dipper at two points, and

rate of speed; whereby the dipper is 'pre-- whereby the dipper is prevented from twist- 3.;In zen-"excavator; the combination of a 7-. ,Hoisting-gear for-operating eboom si ping-drums'for the respective suspending-ca- -1 2O gle 'hoisting-cable, two suspendingcables drums or driving the latter at the same rate of speed.

10. In an excavator, the combination of a dipper, suspendingrcables .connected to said dipper at two points, winding-drums for the respective suspending-cables, and a hoistingdrum 0 eratively connected to said windingdrums or driving the latter at the same rate of speed, said hoisting-drum being of larger diameter than the-winding-drums.

11 In an excavator, the combination of a boom-supported dipper, suspending-cables connected to said dipper at two points, winding-drums for the respective suspending-ca bles mounted upon the boom at a point beyond the foot thereof, a hoisting-drum operatively connected to said wind1ng-drums ,for-

driving the latter at the same rate of speed, and a cable connecting the hoisting-drum with a source of power.

12. In an excavator, the combination of a boom-supported 'dipper, suspending-cables connected to said dip er'at two points, a shaft sup orted near t e .end of the boom, winding-(iiums'for the res ective suspending-cables onsaid shaft, a oisting-drum on said shaft, a cable connected with said hoistin -drum and running along said boom, and a air-lead at the foot of said boom for directing said cable to a power-drum.

13. In an excavator, the combination of a -boom, a saddle-block revoluble about a shaft handle, comprising two bars or sections parrie the. edges of the boom, and a dipper-handle com rising two parallel bars' or sections orv pivot attached to said boom, and a dipperstra dling the boom and engaging the respective pinions. v

13% In an excavator, the combination of a boom, a saddleblock revoluble about a shaft or pivot attached to said boom, a dipper-handle, comprising two bars or sections parallel to each other, cooperating with said saddleblock and straddling the boom, a dipper supported by said handle, suspending-cables connected to saidzdipper at twopoints, and means for taking in said cables at the same rate of speed.

16. In an excavator, the combination of a boom, having a saddle-block thereon, a dipper-handle, comprising two bars or sections parallel to each other, cooperating with said saddle-block and straddling the boom, a dipper supported by said handle, suspendingcables connected to said dipper at two points, windin -drums for the respective suspending-cab es, and means for operating said winding-drums at the same rate of speed.

boom, having a saddle-block thereon, a dipper-handle, comprising two bars or sections parallel to each other, cooperating with said saddle-block and straddling the boom, a dipper supported by said handle, suspendingcables connected to said dipper at two points,

tive suspendingcables, and means for operating sald winding-drums at the same rate of speed. c

18. In an excavator, the combination of a boom, a di er-handle formed of parallel sec tions stradtlling the boom, a dipper supportzed 'bx said handle, suspending-cables connectedtosaid dipper at two oints','windingdrums for the respectivema les, and means for operatin said winding-drums at the same rate of speed.

19. In an excavator, the combination of a boom, a di er-handle formed of parallel sections stra ed by said handle, suspending-cables connected to said dipper at two oints, winding drums for the respective eagles, a hoistingdrum 0 eratively connected to said windingdrums or drivin the latter at the same rate of speed, and a oisting-cable for operating said hoisting-drum.

20. In an excavator, the combination of a boom-supiported dipper, and means for operating sal dipper, comprisin cables extending from two points on the di per to-two of said drums, and a cable exten ing from the third drum to the hoisting mechanism.

21. In an excavator, the combination of a ating sa1 dip er, com rising three drums located on the 00m, ca bles extending from two points on the dipper to two of said drums, and a cable extending from the third dru to the hoisting mechanism.

22. In an excavator, the combination of a the boom and the A-frame collar.

23. In an excavator, the combination of a boom, an A-frame mounted near the foot thereof, and diagonal guy-rods attached at 17. In an excavator, the combination of a winding-drums on said boom for the respec three drums,

boom, an A-frame mounted near the foot thereof, and divergent. guy-rods connecting mg the boom, a dipper support- IIO boom-sup orted dipper, and means for operwidely-Se arated points on the boom and A- ends of the boom to the A-frame collar, and frame 00] ar respectively. diagonal guy-rods connecting diagonally 0 24. In an excavator, thecombination of a oslte points on the boom and A-frame co boom, an A-frame mounted near .he foot la! respectively. l5 5 thereof, and diagonal y-rodsconnected In testimony whereof I aflix my signature substantially at their mi dle an?1 aitached t3 in presence of two Witnesses". diagona y 0 posite oints on t e oom an A-frame collgr respe dtively. WALTER FERRIS' 25. In an excavator, the combination of a Witnesses: IO boom, an A-frame mounted near the foot WILLIAM PAGER,

thereof, parallel guy-rods extending from the HARRY B. HAYDEN:

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