US835625A - Telescopic sight for ordnance. - Google Patents

Description

No. 835,625. PATENTED NOV. l3, 1906. A. KONIG.

TELESUOPIG SIGHT FOR ORDNANOE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 18.1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTBD NOV. 13, 1906 A. KUNIG.

TELESOOPIG SIGHT FOR ORDNANOE.

APPLIUATION FILED MAR. 19. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\K\" I y UNITED sTArns PATENT ornron.

. ALBERT KQNIG, OF JENA, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OF CARL ZEISS, OF JENA. GERMANY.

TELESOOFIO SIGHT FOR ORDNANOE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 13, 1906.

Application filed March 13, 1905- Serial No. 250,865.

To all whom it may concern- Be it known that I, ALBERT Kristo, doctor of philoso by, a citizen of the German Ernpirc, resi ing at CarLZeissstrasse, Jena, the Grand Empire, have invented a new and useful Telescopic Sight for Ordnance, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to telescopic sights into which the layer looks in the horizontal or in an inclined direction as the axis of the emerging rays may be situated and which can be rotated horizontally for indirect laying. It is a disadvantage of telescopic sights of this description that the layer has to uit his place behind the sight if he wish to ay indirectly by aimi at any auxiliary object in the rear. In t e telescopic sight constructed according to the invention the said drawback is obviated. The optical system of this telescopic sight enables the layer to aim at objects situated in opposite directions without altering the direction of his vision. Thus while looking forward in such a direction that the object proper can be sight-ed through the optical system the layer is also able to sight through this system an auxiliary ob'ect lyin in the opposite direction. Hence it lollows that equal horizontal rotations of the sight, by means of which the layer is onabled to sweep bot-h quadrants of the horizon to therightand left of the object, are likewise sufiicient to sweep the remaining two quadrants in rear of the gun. As the layer easily follows with his head the axis of the emerging rays when it travels only through a quadrant both to the right and to the left he will be able to aim at any auxiliary object lateral or in the rear without leaving his place.

The telescopic system which allows the layer to sight'in two opposite directions without changc in the direction of his vision is in 1 case the angle Duchy of Saxc-Weimar, German enterm transfornmblo in such u way that two sightlog-telescopes arc successively available which differ in that, the (llfflllull of tho axis i of the emerging rays or the horizoniol projm'lion of this (llt'mlion relatively to that ol' the axis of lllc cnlcrin rays is nol llw some in both, but dillcrs l one hundred and m ghty degrees. 'l'hc angle forum-(l by the axes of the rays emerging from tho two loll-- scopes or by the horizontal projections of these axes is referably either zero or one hundred and ewhty degrees. In the former between the axes of the rays the two telescopes is one hundred and eig ty degrees, and it would be advisable to ext-end the scales for both telescopes over the same semicircle of the base. In the latter case the angle between the axes of entrance is zero, and it is possible to employ a single scale of three hundred and sixty degrees fastened to the rotary sight, the pointer eing attached to the fixed base.

The transformability of the telescopic system may in the first instance consist in that a part of the optical components of the system 1s common to both telescopes. This cannot, however, be done without making one or several of the optical components movable, unless the maximum brightness of the telescopic image is waived and one of the wellknown optical combinations (transparent mirrors, &c.) for dividing into halves each pencil of rays is employed. The movability may be restricted to a reflecting-prism, which being a non-common component, adjoins a common component and can be interposed into and withdrawn from its operative posi ;8o

tom common to both telescopes may also he made reversible.

It is feasible to use all optical colnpormuts of the system for both telescopes. ()nc lclcsoopc is thou transformed into the other by reversing (Illl of the rmnpumnls or nroup ol' 1 lwn1 ,in n spm-iul cnso oven tlu-irtotullly- I. r., llll ('nliro l-l'llhFHlllt' sysll'nl. As to the local ion of the movable ronumlwnls, H- is odvnntugcous to arrange them behind the roli role. so lhul the position ol' the image prodm'ml by tho (llIjll'llV lll l'vlulion lo ilu rotirule is not oll'm-ivd il' lhoso components sh uld not lw i-xm'lly odjuslvd uftvr undergoing lnll rposllloll or rcwrsul. the throw tion finally of the axis of the entering rays as compared with that of the axis of the emerging rays or with its horizontal projection is quite optional for one of the te escopes. It is only necessary that the layer is able to sight the object in the middle position of lus vision and that he is not placed in front of the sight with his back toward the object. By adopting the usual place of the layer behind the sight the middle position of his vision is determined. This position itself or its horizontal rejection coincides with the direction to tie object. One of the telescopes is thus the same as that commonly applied to rotary gun-sights, the axis of its emerging rays or the horizontal pro ection of this axis having the same direction as the axis of the entering rays. As set forth above, in the second telescope the direction of the axis of the entering rays and that of the axis of the emerging rays or its horizontal projection must then differ by one hundred and eighty degrees- 11. e., they mustbe contrary. It will be understood that in this retrospective telescope the axis of the entering rays and that of the emerging rays or of its horizontal projection must be arallel, with a sufiicient interval between t em to allow of the axis of the entering rays passing clear of the head of the layer, either above or at the side of it.

If the advantage conferred by the place of the layer being, as usual, behind the sightviz., that the middle position of his-vision in sighting or its horizontal projection is also the direction in which the layer can see the object with the naked eyebe waived and the layer placed at the side of the gunsight, some compensatory advantages can be gained. For this purpose the 1niddlcposition of vision, which enables the layer to sight the object through one of the telescopes, must form a right angle to the direction in which the object is S1tUfii0(l-ill\i is to say, the first telescope becomes right-angled. The second telcseo )0 must also he a rectan ilar one, (and can in identical to the first.) lecausc the angle between the axis of the enmrginp rays and the axis of the entering rays hein" t\lIl(l degrees in one instance must be two mndrcd and seventy degrees in the other. .\lorcovcr, the telescopic system becomes simple in optical composition. hccnusc it is unm'ccssury in either case to avoid the head of the layer. it is hcrc that tho special misc already mcnl ionod can he rculizctl in which :1 single telescope is reversibly 'lillcd so as to serve in onc position its one and in thc other position ns llit olln'l' telescope of tho system.

in I hoconst lllt'lltlll ill he now tl'll si'opic syslom l'or l'Ul-llltlllll'gflllhnlglllei it will gl-ncrnlly be desirable not to miss the u'cllknou'n lulvantages of tho prism"! ic systems for red recting the image as compared with the lens systems. he rellectin -prisms composing the red rection systems will at the same time, as far as ossible, be utilized, so as to supply also the dellections of the axis of the rays, which are required by the chosen middle position of vision in relation to the direction of the object, as illustrated by the constructional ex amples of the invention shown in the annexed drawings.

In these drawings, Figures 1 to 5 are diagrams of five telescopic systems for gunsights constructed according to the invention. Instead of the prisms only theirreflectingsurfaces are shown for the sake of clearness. Fig. 6 is an elevation of a' telescopic gun-sight:

constructed in accordance with the optical Fig. 7 1s a section dia ram shown in Fig. 5. on inc 7 7 in Fig. 6. I

In the telescopic system shown in Fig. 1' a fixed ocular consistin of an eye-lens a and the field-lens bis used %or sighting in opposite directions, the an le formed by the axes of the rays emerging hem the two telescopes being zero. Between the objective 0 and the reticule d a reflecting-prism e is placed. This prism; together with another f, placed before the objective 0, renders the telesco retrospective, the enterin rays passing a ove the head of the layer. here are still two supplemental reflecting-prismsa withdrawahl'e one, 9, and a fixed one, h. When the prism gis interposed, the vision becomes para lel.

Fi 2 represents a telesco in system in whic the axis of the rays w iich' enter the retrospective telescope passes b the side of the head of the layer. In bot telescopes the axis of the emerging rays has the same direction, and a sin le ocular is employed for both telescopes. the reflectingrism 'i, which ertains to the retrospective te escope, he witlidrawn, the objective 0' is operative, which in combination with the common 0 tical parts thc prism. system I: l m 1? we lknown from the prismatic field-glasses and the ocular a b-forms a parallel-vision telescope. By interposing the prism i the objectivc c becomes inoperative, while the prism o and the objective 0 of the retrospective telescope are combined with the common optical parts.

in the arrun cmcnt of the telescopic systcm shown in l ig. 3 the axis ol" thc rays entering the retrospective telescope lies above the lltlttl of the layer, the some as shown in Fig. l. Till angle between thc two axes of the emerging rays is again zero. one ocular scrving for both telescopes. All optical parts are common to both tclcsrrvptn, thrlixml prisms p. q. and r coiipcrutin with a l'ovcrsililc ono. a. so that n 1' mngc rom mic loloscopc to the other is oll'm'tcd not ll) into!- position and \vitlulrnwal. hm. by reversal. ll" llw cntmncc rcllcctingyprism h he in the posiaaaoae tion indicated by unbroken lines, the parallel-vision telescope is available; but if this prism occupy the position shown in dotted lines the retrospective telcscopeisoperative.

The telescopic system, according to Fig. 4, also belongs to the class in which all optical parts remain active when the direction of sight is reversed. The angle between the axes of the rays emerging from one telescope and the other is designed to be one hundred and eighty degrees. For this purpose an angular ocular is Ei'OVltlGd, the eye-lens a and the prism t of w 'ch are reversed in the manner indicated by dotted lines, when the parallel-vision telescope (shown in full lines) is to be converted into a ret ospective one. The axis of the rays entering the retrospective telescope again passes b the side of the head of the layer. It shou d be observed that only such parts are movable which are situated behind the reticule.

Fig. 5, finally, exemplifies the case already mentioned, in which the layer is laced at the side. The exam le shown rea izes that of the two practica y i'm ortant variations in which the direction of t e axis of the emerging rays in one telescope differs from that in the other by one hundred and eighty degrees. An Amici prism comprising a pair of optical sguare surfaces a v is fitted at an incllnation o forty-fivedegrees between the eye-lens a and the field-lens b of the ocular, so as to produce, in addition to the rerection of the image, an inclination of ninetv degrees of the axis of the emerging rays to t at of the entering rays. By rotating the entire telescopic system, or at least the optical s uare surfaces u r and the eye-lens a, about t he axis of the entering rays into the position shown in dotted lines the axis of the emerging rays is reversed into the opposite direction.

The optical arrangement of Fig. 5 is employed in the un-sight shown in Fi s. 6 and 7. The sccom position of the reversible part of the telescopic system, consisting of the eyelens (t and the prism u 1:, is twain indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 6. To allow the rotation of this )art from one position into the other about t c axis of the objective 0, the prismcasing 10 is screwed together with the mount .1: of the field-lens b in such a way that the totality of both parts is rotatably secured in the eye of the standard y, which, together with the disk 1 constitutes the carrier of the telescopic syslcm. 'lbc objm'tivctulny is not lixcd to thc prism-casing m, but in tho standard 3 so that in thc consl rucl ion shown by lllc rcvcrsnl ol llureversible port of the lclcscopic syslcm llunon-rcvcrsiblc part is only inllucnccd in that the licld-lcns h undcrgocs n. rolnlion uboul ils nxis. such rotation of u lcns about ils axis having, ul coursc, no cll'ccl at all. The |-m'ricr--(lisl y" is providcd with u. cmnplclc scale of three luuull'cd and sixty dcgl'ccs, lllc poinlcr .L'" being lixod to the base 2, on which the carrier is rotatably mounted.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a telescopic gun-sight for ordnance a carrier, a telescopic system mounted on it, the position of parts of the system relatively to the carrier being alterable in such a way as to present to the layer two successively-availab e telescopes, in one of which the angle between the horizontal axis of the entering rays and the horizontal projection of the axis of the emerging re s differs by one hundred and eighty de rees i iom the corresponding angle in the other telescope, a base on which the carrier is mounted so as to be rotatable in a horizontal plane, and means for indicating the angular position of the axis of the entering re. s relatively to the base.

2. n a telescopic gun-sight for ordnance a telescopic system including movable arts for successively combining from out o the said systemvtwo telescopes, in one of which the angle between the horizontal axis of the entering rays and the horizontal rejection of the axis of the emerging rays di are by one hundred and eighty degrees from the corresponding an le 1n the other telescope, a carrier of the to escopic system, a base on which the carrier is mounted so as to be rotatable in a horizontal plane, and means for indicating the angular position of the axis of the entering ra s relatively to the base.

3. n a telescopic gun-si ht for ordnance a telescope, a part of which is rotatable for transforming the telescope into another, in which the angle between the horizontal axis of the entering rays and the horizontal rojection of the axis of the emerging rays di ers by one hundred and eighty degrees from the corresponding angle in the first telesco e, a carrier of the telescope, a base on whic the carrier is mounted so as to be rotatable in a horizontal plane, and means for indicating the angular position of the axis of the entering rays relatively to the. base.

4. In a telescopic gun-sight for ordnance a telescope including behind the reticulc rotatablc parts for transforming it into another telescope, in which the angle between the horizontal axis of tho cnterlng rays and the horizontal )IUjflfllflll of the aims of the emerging rays dlll'crs by one buudrcd and cighty degrees from the corrcsponding angle in the first tclcsco w, a carricr ol the telescope, a base on which the carrier is mounted so as in bc rolnlablc in a horizontal planc, and nicnns for imlicatingllnangular position of 1 br axis of llll cnlcring rays rclnlivclv to the lmsc.

5. in n. Iclcscopic gumsighl lor ordnnncc n lob-scopiin which lhc horizontal uuglc ln'- lwccn lhc axis of the coloring rays and the axis ol' the cmcrgiug rays is nine-1y degrees and which includes bchiud lhc rcliculc rolalnblc purls fortransforming il into nnolllcr 4. semen.

In testimony \yhenepf lhwve signed my name to tl1 1s spee ficatslon m the presence of two subscrlbmg witnesses.

telescope, in which the said angle is twehundrcd and seventy degrees, a earner 9f the telescope, a base on Much the earner [3 Knowned so as to be rotatable in a. horizontal plane, I ALBERT KONIG. and means for indicating the angular posl- Wltllesses: tion of the axis of the entering rays relatively I PAUL Kni'mmz,

to the base. I FRITZ SANDER.

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