US833866A - Telephone system. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906;

No. 833,866. v I

' 0. V. BEAV R.

TELEPHONE SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

8N @N sx EN IQH THE Mom": Pzrnu 6a., WASHINGTON, n. c.

' TELEPHONE SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

mus PIITII: cm, wnnmuibn, n. c.

83) Q FL!" m 7% N0- 833,866. A PATENTED OCT. 23, 1906.-

' G. V. BEAVER.

TELEPHONE SYSTEM. APPLICATION rnnn AUG.19, 1904.

5?" M l v I 7* 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

I as to the diflerent kindsof lines theymay use,

a UNITED srn r ns PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES V. BEAVER, OF ANITA, IOWA.

TELEPHONE sYsT-EM.

. My invention relates to telephone systeris," e-

direct-line connections, as made in and tween different telephone systems,.regardless by attaching the lines to and connecting them through the several contacts and leads of. their several switches of their several switchboards, with their different line connections and attachments, signal-receiving devices, and telephonic instruments, as made between the two several distinct sides of the circuits of the different kinds of lines that may be used in telephone systems.

The object of my invention is to provide means whereby suitabledirect-line oonnections may be made between the two sides of the different kinds of lines that may be used lines they may be or the number of switches through which they are connected; by which .a single telephone may be used through a direct connection with any one or more of the several lines entering the same switchboard, regardless as to the "kind of lines they may be; by which two or more of any kind of'telephone-lines attached to a switchboard may be connected to a local telephone set, and thereby be properly connected together direct; by which any two or more lines in one or more telephone systems may be switched together direct and indiscriminately, regardlessas to the kind of lines they may be, and talked over perfectly, considering the'number of telephones and the kind of lines thus connected. v

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, of which- Figure 1 shows the two sides of the circuit Specification of Letters Patent.

in the same or different telephone systems,

- Patented. Oct. 23,1906.

Application filed August 19,1904. Serial No. 221,429.

, of a single-Wire line, a double-wire line, and

another single-wire line in close proximity ready for connecting. Fig. 2 shows the same properly connected. Fig. 3 shows the same improperly connected. Fig. 4 shows the two sides of the circuit of a single-wire line,three double-wire lines, and another single-wire line in close proximity ready to be connected. Fig. 5 shows the same properly connected. Fig. 6 shows the same in one sense properly connected and in another improperly connected. Fig. 7 shows the same improperly connected. Fig. 8 shows the two sides of the direct circuits of one of three common-returncircuit lines, a double-Wire line, and another of three common-return-circuit lines in close proximity ready to be connected. Fig. 9 shows the same properly connected. Fig. 10

shows the same improperly connected. Fig.

11 shows the two sides of the circuits of one of three common-return-circuit lines, a singlewire line, and another of three common-return-circuit lines in close proximity ready to be connected. Fig. 12 shows the same properly connected. Fig. 1'3shows the same improperly connected. Fig. 14 shows the two.

sides of the circuits of one of three commonreturn-circuit lines, a single-wire line, a double-wire line, another double-wire line, an other single-wire line, another double-wire line, and another one of three common-returncircuit lines in close proximity ready to be connected. Fig. 15 shows the same properly connected. Fig. 1 6 illustrates the same direct-line connections as made through my preferred switchboard by switching the two several 1 sides of two ormore lines, regardless ofkind, onto a local lead or a local telephone set at the same time and by switching two or more lines, regardless of kind, together byother switches. Fig. 17 shows how the different kinds of lines commonly used in and for connecting different telephone systems together, with or Without telephones installed thereon, may be properly connected direct through seven of my preferred switchboards by two or more lines being switched onto the local lead or the local telephone set of each switchboard at the same time, while lines 1 and 2 of each switchboard are connected by another switch, in each, in accordance with Fig. 16. Fig. 18 shows practically these same directline connections made between the wires that form or are connected to the, two sides of these same different circuits of these different kind of lines, with telephones installed thereon, and their connection with the local leads of the different local telephone sets.

Generally speaking, there are two sides to every telephone-line, between which one or more telephones may be bridged. In connecting the difierent kinds of telephone-lines that may be used in and for making direct connections between different telephone systems one side of every line, regardless of kind, must be selected for becoming the principal or main side of that part of the circuit formed by said line when any two or more other lines are connected therewith, and the other side of every'line must be'used for the inferior or auxiliary side of that part of the circuit formed by said line when any two or 'more other lines are connected therewith.

In connecting these different kinds of lines direct by the different switches of the different switchboards in the same or different telephone systems they must be so attached to and connected by the different switches of their different switchboards that the sides of the different lines selected for the principal or main side of the circuit to pass on are connected, and the sides selected for the auxiliary or inferior side of the circuit to pass on are connected when the lines to which. they belong are switched together, regardless as to the number or kind of lines they may be or the number of switches of the different switchboards by which they are connected.

' One, or the principal side of the circuit of all lines formed by connecting two or more dif- 'ferent kinds of lines together, should be well protected from all outside electrical disturbances or influences and made of a good con ductor of electricity, while the other side of said line may be inferior in many respects and be directly connected with many minor electrical disturbances without materially interfering with the usefulness of the line thus formed for telephonic communication, as the resistance of the different telephones bridged between the two sides of the circuit of the said formed line stand guard against.

the electrical disturbances on the inferior side, passing to the principal or the superior side thereof, regardless as to the number of telephones or the kind of lines that may thus have been switched together or the number of switches or switchboards 'said line.

used. in forming Ordinarily there is no difference which side of a double-wire line is selected for the principal or main side of the circuit to pass on; but should one wire become grounded or partially grounded or electrically disturbed either part or all of the time, as will sometimes occur, the better side must be selected and connected to the better side of the other lines when they are switched together for the principal or superior side of the circuit of the line thus formed to pass 011, and

the other side of the same lines must be connected when said lines are switched together for the inferior side of the circuit of the line thus formed to pass on in order to have the best results in connecting the different kinds of lines that may be used in telephone systems direct. Should the side of any doublewire line in use for the principal or superior side of the circuit to pass on become electrically disturbed while the other side remains clear, the attachments of the two sides of such a line should be reversed in all the switches which it enters in order to have the best results in these direct-line connections. These direct-line connections can be made by any switchboard through and by which the superior side of the different kinds of lines can. be connected together, and the inferior side of the different lines can be connected to gether when the lines to which they belong are switched together.

While there are no switchboards shown in the accompanying drawings, at places indicated by S S S, &c., it will be readily understood that a switchboard serving these and any other interconnecting lines may also serve any desired number of local lines at these several indicated places and be the means through which these direct-line connections are made and also the means through which any number of lines, regardless of kind, attached thereto may be connected direct to gether, as hereinafter described, and that such a combination is fairly well sh own in Figs. 16, 17, and 18.

Line 1, Fig. 1, is a single-wire line, and like all other telephone-lines there are two sides to the circuitthe wire or L side and the ground or G side-between which one or more telephones may be bridged, and like all single-wire lines the line-wire or L side of this single-wire line is the part or side of the line which must direct the undulations of this or any other circuit of which it becomes a part through the telephones installed thereon. Therefore in direct-line connections this the wire side of a single-wire line, with the side of one or more lines connected there with, is of necessity the main or principal side of the line thus formed, while the grounc or G side of this single-wire line is the part or side of the line which can be used only for the return-circuit of this or any other line of which it may become a part to pass on. Therefore, this the ground side of a single-wire line, with the side of one or more other lines connected therewith, is of necessity the auxiliary or inferior side of the line thus formed, which may be directly in fluenced by many minor electrical disturbances which must pass through the resistance of the telephones installed on said formed line before interfering with their usefulness for telephonic communication. With these ideasin view it will be readily understood that the L side of line 1* or the line-wire side sea'eeef of this or anyother single-wire line'andv the side of any and all other lines connected. di-

telephone systems together to choose one side of every line as the mainvor principal side thereof, which I will-designate by the L I rect therewith ;is the-only side of the line thus formed that can be used to direct the electrical flow or undulations therein to and side, and connect them together for .the main'or principal side of the circuit of p the line thus formed to pass on, and to connect the other or inferior side of said lines, which Iwill designate bythe G side, direct, when the lines to which theybelong are switched together for the inferior or return side of the circuit of the part of the line thus the wire of the double-wire line 2 chosen for,

formed to pass on, and in this specification and accompanyingdrawings I will designate the main or principal side of lines, leads,

switches,and' instruments by the letter L, andlthe inferior or auxiliary side of lines, leads, switches, andinstruments by In connecting lines 1*,2, and 3- at s and. s we have no choice as towhich sides of lines 1f and 3 we will choose as their prin-' cipal or Lsideor their inferior or G side; but in line 2 we have a choiceto make, as this is 'a'double-wire line, and either side of this or any otherdouble-wire line maybe used as the main or L side or the auxiliary or G side; but if there is any difference in the two sides the best results will be obtained bychoosing the better for the main'or L side and the I poorer for the inferior or G side.

have it shown, we have chosen the upper wire for the principal or L side and the lower wire for the auxiliary or G side, and in switching these lines together direct the L wires or L sides of theselines must'be connected,"and the G wires or the G sides of these lines must be connected, when we'have a line as represented in Fig. 2, the principal or L side of which is formed by the line-wires of the single- wire lines 1 and 3 and the'wire chosen'for'the principal or L side of the double-wire line 2 while the return-circuit of the line, thus formed is madethrough the ground over which lines '1 and 3 pass, and

v thus'connected. Any desired number of As wenow single-wire lines may be connected to this formed line with the same result, so long as their line-wires or L sides are connected to the L side-of this line'and their ground or G sides are connected to the G side of this line. Had these direct-line connections been carelessly made as to the side of the different lines that were connected with each other, we would likely have had a line similar to that shown in Fig. 3. This kind of a line can be talked over by induction between the two line-wires forming the two sides of the doublewire line 2"; but the electrical disturbances of the ground are directly connected of the ground, which must greatly interferewith said lines usefulness for telephonic communication and create a demand for some means by which a still line may be made out of one thus formed.

In Fig. 4 we have two single-wire lines 4 and 8 and three double-wire lines 5*, 6 and 7 in close proximity ready to be connected at 8 s, 8 and s, and in connecting them direct we have no choice as to which of the two sides of the single-Wire lines we will use as their rincipal or L side or their'inferior or G side; ut in each of the double-wire lines we have a choice to make, and in order that we may have the best resultsit must bethe superior of the two sides (if one side of either is etter than the other) of each line for the principal or L side and their inferior sides (if one side of either is inferior to the other) for their G side, which in these, as well as all other double-wire lines, may be either side, as both may be equally good or bad; but we have chosen the upper wire of each line as the L side and the lower wire as the G side, and in connecting these two single-wire lines and these three double-wire lines direct their L wires are connected together and their G wires are connected together, when we have a line, as represented in Fig. 5, with two sides, between which the desired number of telephones can be severally bridged anywhere on the line andtalked over perfectly, considering the kind of lines and the number of telephones thus connected. To this line may be connected any desired numberof single-wire lines with the same-results, so long as their line-wires or L'sides' are connected to the L side of this line and their ground or G sides double-wire line 6*. Therefore so far as this particular circuit is concerned there is no difference which of the two several sides of the line 6 is connected to the chosen side of each of the two several lines 5 and 7 a but and its G side is connected with the G side of line 6 the main side of our first-formed circuit is grounded on the G side of the last con nected line or lines and the L side of the circuit formed by the last connected line or lines is grounded on the G side of the firstformed line, which makes a line with all the objectionable features of that represented in Fi .3.

L both sides of the double-wire lines 5, 6 and 7 a are exactly equal, which theroretically they are, it makes no difference which side of either is selected as the L side or the G side, or, in other words, which of the two several sides of each is connected to a certain distinct side of the other, and this has led to the idea that it makes no difference which of the two several sides of each of two or more double-wire lines is connected with a certain side of each of the other when they are 0011- nected'together, or, in other words, which of the two several sides of one double-wire line is connected to certain of the two several sides of another while the fact remains that one side of each of two or more certain double-wire lines that are wont to be connected together often from various causes becomeinferior to the other, when it may make a very great difference which of the two several sides of one of these certain lines is connected to a certain of the two several sides of anotherfor instance, one side of a doublewire line may be grounded and good service be had thereon, also one side of another, and both of them may be in a telephone system with only double-wire lines, and they may be switched together with the grounded wire of either line connected to the good wire of the other, which practically disables the line thus formed, while had the good sides of these lines been connected together and the grounded sides been connected when they were switched together the service over a line thus formed would have been good. Therefore it may make a very great difference to which side double-wire lines are connected, even in a telephone system where only double-wire lines are used. Therefore there canonly good come to the double-wire lines used either in or for making direct connections between the different kinds of lines or more other lines and the inferior side or sides of one or more lines with the inferior side or sides of one or more other lines when the lines to which they belong are switched to ether.

in Fig. 7 lines 4, 5, 6 7, and 8 are properly connected, except at s, where the L sides of 6 and 7 are connected to the G sides of each other when a line is formed with all the objections that can be had from both sides of a line being directly connected with the ground. However, if both sides of these double-wire lines are exactly equal to each other direct connections between their two sides will make a very good line if only one single-wire line is connected therewith at a time regardless as to which of the two several sides of any of the said lines are connected with either of the two several sides of another when they are switched together.

If lines 4? and 8, Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, give good service with telephones bridged between their line-wire L and the ground G, over which they must pass, the ground over which they must pass must be comparatively still or electrically undisturbed, while the ground over which the double-wire lines 5*, 6 and 7 pass may be greatly disturbed by different electrical influences, which cannot interfere with the usefulness of the telephones installed thereon, as they are bridged etween the two sides or wires of these double-wire lines, and the electrical disturbances of the ground over which they pass have no way by which they can come in contact with either side of these lines, whether they are used separately or connected into one circuit. Neither will the electrical disturbances of the ground over which these double-wire lines pass interfere with a line formed by properly connecting lines 4, 5, 6 7, and S together direct, and as the ground over which lines 4 and 8 pass is comparatively still, and this is the only ground that helps make the return-circuit of a line thus formed, it will surely give good service through the direct connections of the proper sides of these different lines, brought about by properly switching them together.

In Fig. 8 there are line-wires 9 10, and 11, with a common return-wire G, and as this wire is used by all three of these lines as a return-circuit wire it is subjected to direct electrical disturbances from each of these three lines and is not good for the main side of the circuit to pass on. Therefore it is the G side of all three of these lines, while the line-wire of each necessarily forms the L side of each of these three lines, and there can be no choice as to which shall be the L side in this kind of lines, and like all common-return-circuit lines the line-wires must be chosen as the main or L sides and the common-return-circuit wires as the G sides of these kind of lines when the best results are tobe had by direct connections. There are, also'lines 13*, 14 and with a common return-wire G.

Of the foregoing lines 9*, 12 and 13 or main sides of lines 9 and'12 are directly wire of lines 13*, 14, and 15 while the line wire or L side of line13 is directly connect: ed with the electrical disturbances that may. be in the common return-wire of lines 9*, 10 and 1 1*, while in a line as represented in Fig. 9 themain or L side of the line is protected fromthe electrical disturbances of the com monreturn-circuit parts or the G side of this line by the ohmic resistance of the telephones bridged between the two sides of a line thus formed.

In Fig. 11 the common-return-circuitline 16, the single wire-line 19 and the com-,

, mon-return-circuit line 20 are in close proximity, ready to be connected, and Fig. 12

shows them properly connected, while Fig. 13 shows them improperly connected. In Fig. 13 the main or L-sideof lines 19 and 20 are directly connected to and influenced by the electrical disturbances that may be in the common-return-circuitlines 16 17 and 18 and the line-wireor L side of line 16 is directly. connected to and influenced by the electrical disturbances of the ground, while in Fig. 12 the principal or L side of these lines is protected-from the electrical disturbances that may be in the common re.- turn-circuits and the ground by the resistance of the telephones bridged between the L and G sides of'a line thus formed.

In Fig. 14 a common-return-circuit line 23*, a single-wire line 26*, two double-wire lines 27 and 28 a single-wire line 29 a double-wire line 30 and a common-returncircuit line 31 are in close proximity, ready to be connected, while in Fig. 15 they are properly connected. -After properly considering these direct-line connections between the two sides of the different kind of lines that may be used in telephone systems it will bereadily understood that there is at least one general plan bywhich all lines, regardless of kind, maybe connected direct by the different switches of the different switchboards of the same or different telephone systems,

and the telephones on the line or lines thus formed work perfectly, considering the number of telephones andthe kind of lines thus connected, and the plan is this: Choose one side, which should be thesuperior side (if one side is better than the other) of all lines regardless of kind, and so attach them to and I connect them by the different switches of the different switchboards of the same or differmore of the lines to which they belong are switched together by one or more switches they will be connected, and so attach the other (as compared to the first chosen) side, which should be the inferior side (if one side is poorer than the other) ofall linesregardless of kind to and connect them bythedifferent switches of the different switchboards used in the said telephonesystem that when:

the lines to which they belong are switched together by one or more switches they will be connected, thereby retainingthe' side which 1' these lines, which is the best side of a'line it is formed by connecting the better sides of is possible to obtain through the lines thusswitched together for the main side-of the circuit to pass on from and by which to direct the undulations or electrical "flow through the different telephones connected between this the main side of the line thus formed and the side of this same line formed by connecting the other or poorer side of these difierent lines together, which makes the best possible line obtainable by direct ,ent telephone systems that when any two or line connections between the two sides of two I or more telephone-lines regardless as to the number or kind of lines they may be or the number or kind of switches through which .they are connected.

As Fig. 16 represents the workings of my preferred switchboard, it will be readily understood that any kind of a line that can be used in telephone systems may be attached to my preferred switchboard, asline 1, so long as its G sides is connected to lead 35 and its L sides to lead 38, and that it makes no difference what kind of a line is attached to my preferred switchboard, as line 2, so long as its G side is connected to lead 41 and its L side to lead 44, or, as line 3, so long as its G side is connected to lead 62 and its L side to lead 65, or, as line 4, so long as its G side is connected to lead 91 and its L side to lead 94, or, as line 5, so long as its G side is connected to lead 170 and its L side to lead 172, or, as line 6, so long as its G side is connected to lead 171 and its L side to 173. With the different lines thus attached to my preferred switchboard if any one or more of said lines are switched onto the telephone X their several G sides are connected to its G sideand their several L sides are connected to its -L side, thereby properly connecting all lines di rect that are switched onto the telephone X l if line 4 is also switched onto the telephone X- at the same time, its G side is connected to the G side of the telephone X by lead 91 and thereon.

1 wires 92 and 24, and its L side is connected to the L side of the telephone X through lead 94 and wires 95 and 26, whereby lines 1 and 4 are both connected onto the telephone X and their G wires are connected through wire 24,

may be, or the number of telephones installed If'line 3 is now also switched onto the telephone X, its G side is connected to the G' side of the telephone X, through lead 62 and wires 63 and 24, while itsL side is connected to the L side of the telephone X through lead 65 and wires 66 and 26, thereby properly connecting lines 1 ,4,and 3 direct and installing ing the telephone X on the line thus formed. It will be readily understood that line after line may be added with like results, which can be extended to any desired number of lines by extending the number of individual line-switches in the switchboard. If lines 1 and 2 are switched together by another switch, their L sides are connected through the L side and their G sides are connected through the G side of lead 1 2. If lines 3 and 4 are now connected through another switch, their G sides are connected through the G side and their L sides are connected through the L side of lead 3 4, and while lines 3 and 4 are thus connected lines 4 and 6 may be switched together by another switch, which connects their sides through the G side and their L sides through the L side of lead 4 6, thereby properly connecting lines 3, 4, and 6 direct regardless as to the kind of lines they may be or the number of telephones that may be installed thereon. Thus any desired number of lines may be properly connected direct by one switchboard regardless as to the kind of lines they may be or the number of telephones that may be installed thereon. Thus we see how these direct line connections may be made through my preferred switchboard by two or more of said lines being switched onto the telephone set X at the same time or by being switched together by other switches.

While Fig. 16 illustrates how these direct line connections may be made between the sired number or kind of telephone-lines that may be attached to and connected direct by any desired number of the same or diflerent kinds of switchboards that will properly switch the desired sides of double-wire lines together, so that the desired number of telephones installed on the desired number and kinds of lines attached to one or more of the same or difi erent kinds of switchboards may constitute a complete telephone system, whereby any two or more telephones installed on any two or more of the said telephone-lines, regardless of kind, in the entire system may be placed in telephonic relation to each other by their lines being connected direct with each other through one switchboard or by being connected direct through or with one or more other telephone-lines by two or more switchboards, with the following results: that all lines thus formed have two sides between which any desired number of telephones may be severally bridged at their several desired places; that the better side of all telephone-lmes which have a superior side are connected and help make the better side of a line thus formed, while the inferior side of all lines which have an inferior side are connected and help make the inferior side of the line thus formed; that the superior side of any line or all lines thus formed does particularly direct the electrical flow or undulations tnrough the telephones installed thereon, while the inferior side of any line or all lines thus formed is the returncircuit side of the said telephone line or lines that the better side of any line or all lines thus formed is the best possible route that can be obtained through or over the lines thus connected over or through which the electrical flow or undulations can be directed through the telephones installed thereon, while the inferior side of said formed line or lines is the next best route that can be obtained through or over said connected lines, which makes the very best route obtainable for the return-circuit of said formed line or lines to pass on, which must make the very best line that can be had through the said connected lines; that the inferior side of a line thus formed may be influenced by many minor electrlcal disturbances without materially interfering with said lines usefulness for telephonic communication; that the telephones installed on any line or all lines thus formed stand guard against any minor electrical disturbance that may exist on the return-circuit side of said formed line or lines passing to the superior side of said formed line or lines, which very materially aids said line or lines in being the very best line or lines that can be had through the lines thus connected, if one side of any of the connected lines is in any way inferior to the other, even if all are double-wire lines; that in a line thus formed the ground is only used IIO o I they are switched together.

for the return-circuit where the electrical disturbances are so slight that a single-wire line is practical, as where the electrical condition ofthe ground is such that double-wire lines are used one of said line-wires will be used for 'theprincipal side of the circuit ofsaid formed line to pass on, while the other will be a used for '7 the Vreturncircuit; that where double-wire lines alone are thus connected the superior side of all lines (if one side of any is betert thanthe other) thusswitched together are connected and make a superior side for'the line. thus formed, while the-inferior side of all lines (if one side of any is inferior'to the other) are connected for the return-circuit side of said formed line; that the superiorside of a line formed by switching the better side of the two or more double-wire lines together is the very best sideobtainable through said connected lines, while the inferior side of said formed line is the next best side that can be had, and is therefore the best sidethat can be had-through the said connected lines for the return-circuit of said formed line, which necessarily makes it the verybest line that can be had by connecting said double-wire lines together direct; that in thus-connecting a number of double-wire lines where two or more of said lines have aninferior side we prevent the inferior side of said lines, from beingconnected into and be coming-a part of both sides of the formed line, (which is likely to happen when there is no attention paid as to which of the two sev- 3 5 5 v -to a'certain of the two several. sides of aneral sides of one double-wire line is connected otherwhen two or more double-wire lines are connected together,-) and thereby interfere with its usefulness for telephonic communication; that all the telephones installed on the, different lines in a mixed telephone system maybe connected by thus connecting all the lines direct through all the switchboards, thereby forming a line throughout the full extent of the entire system, as re resented in Figs. 17 and 18, with the most avorable results for telephonic communication, consider ing the number of telephones and the kind of lines connected, regardless as to the number of switches or switchboards through which Having thus described my invention, what I'claim as'new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is a 1. In telephone systems;,for makin direct line connections in, and between, dlfferent telephone systems, regardless'of the different kinds of lines they may be; means for connecting a certain, distinct side of each, of

certain one or more double-wire lines and the better side of each, of certain two or more of other kinds of lines, together; thus completing the principal side of the line formed thereby, when any two or more of said lines are connected together.

2. In telephone s'ystemsffor making direct line connections in, and between,,different telephone systems,regardlessof the different kinds of lines theymay be; means for connecting a certain, distinct side of each, of one or more certain double-wire lines, which superior to the other, and the better side of each, of certain one or more other kinds of lines, together; thus completing the principal side of the line formed thereby, when any two or more of said lines are connected together. I I

3. In telephone systems; for making di-' rect line connections, 1n, and between, differ ent tele hone systems, regardless of the different kinds of lines they may be; means for include the better where one side of any is connecting a certain, distinct side of each, of

ferent kinds of lines they may be; means for connecting a certain, distinct side of each, of'

one or more certain double-wire lines, which include the better, where one side of any is superior to the other, and the better side of each, of certain oneor more other kinds of lines, together, and connecting the other side of each of said different lines, together; thus completing the circuit of the line formed thereby, when any two or more of said lines are connected together. I

5. In, and between, telephone systems where different kinds of lines are used; means for connecting three or more lines, whereby a. certain, distinct side, which includes the better side of each where one side of any is superior to the other, shall be connected, and the other side of these said same lines shall be connected, when-any three or more of said lines are connected together,

v CHARLES v. BEAVER. Witnesses: I

ALBERT G. CoNLEY, JULIAs HANsEN.

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