US831239A - Baker's oven. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTBD SEPT. 18', 1906.

yNo. 831.239.

G. H. PETRI.. BAKERS OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4, 1904.

2 SHEETS-'SHEET l.

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PATENTED SEPT. 18, 1906.

G. H. PETRL BAKBRS OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WAZ/2.765560? GMW,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BAKERS OVEN.

i No. 831,239.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 18, 1906.

Application led November 4, 1904. Serial No. 231,401.

T0 tZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GUNTHER H. PETRI, a citizen of the United States, residing at Saginaw, in the county of Saginaw and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bakers Ovens, and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in bakers ovens; and the invention consists in the matters hereinafter set forth, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Among the objects of the invention is to provide a construction in bakers ovens designed to facilitate the loading and unloading of the baking-chamber of the oven.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a construction in bakers ovens whereby the upper and lower heat in the baking-chamber on the raw loaves is more nearly uniform when the loaves are first inserted into the oven than under the present practice.

The invention has for its objects to improve other features of construction in bakers ovens, which will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of an oven embodying my invention, showing a table in front thereof for receiving the loaf-supporting web. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the loafsupporting web broken away and removed from the baking-chamber. Fig. 4 is a front elevationof the oven. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section thereof. Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the baking-chamber door removed from the oven. modiied form of oven to which certain parts of my invention may be applied.

The particular construction of the oven so far as relates. to the manner of heating the baking-chamber is not essential; but the oven herein shown is of that class provided with flues through which heated air is passed to properly heat the same.

As shown in the drawings, A designates the baking-chamber, A the upper wall or crown, and A2 the bottom wall or hearth of said baking-chamber. The baking-chamber is provided at its front end with an opening Fig. 7 is a cross-section of a l through which it is loaded and unloaded and which in its greatest width is of the same width as that of the baking-chamber. Said opening is closed by a door, (indicated as a whole by B.) The door-opening B proper is formed in a suitable metal front plate B2, which fits against the front masonry wall of the oven both above and below the opening in the masonry wall, the opening B registering with the opening in the front wall of the oven. Said front plate is provided at its sides with vertical hollow casings having the form of standards B3, which rest on the floor and by which the front plate is supported. The door-opening proper extends forwardly in front of the furnace and is surrounded by top and bottom walls l) b and end walls b2. The door B slides in suitable guides b3 in the end walls b2 of the door-inclosure. Said door is shown as counterweighted, so as to be readily raised and lowered -in opening and closing the same. As herein shown, the door is provided at its ends with rigid arms b4, to which are attached the ends of cables C, having the form of sprocket-chains that are trained over sprocket-wheels C', fixed to a horizontal shaft C2, mounted in suitable bearings c, attached to the end plate B2. To the other ends of said cables are attached weights C3, (more clearly indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4,) which are contained within the hollow standards B3 of the front plate B2. The shaft C2 is provided at its ends with hand-wheels c, by which the shaft is rotated to open and close the door. The door B is preferably provided with a smaller door B4, which slides in vertical guides b5 on the larger door. The oven when provided with a door having a smaller or supplemental door may be used in the manner of an ordinary peeloven.

The provision of the door B, which is as wide as the baking floor or hearth A2 ,of the baking-chamber, is adapted for use in connection with ovens in which the' bread is baked on a suitable support E, that rests on the hearth and is adapted to be drawn into and withdrawn from the baking-chamber. The support E, which, as herein shown, has the form of a relatively thin iieXible web, is ada ted to be loaded when placed upon a tab e D andv to be thereafter drawn' into the oven. After the loaves are baked the web is withdrawn upon a table D, togetherfwlithvv the baked loaves. In practice a number of ta'- I' bles and'webs areprovided which are usedin` alternation. The raw loaves are placed upon a web resting on one of the tables when the web is cool. The table is thereafter moved in front of the oven in line with the door and the web bearing the raw loaves is drawn into the baking-chamber by means provided therefor. After the loaves are baked, the web bearing the baked loaves is withdrawn upon a table placed to receive the saine, and thetable is thereafter vmoved away from the oven to give place for another table bearing a web withloaves properly arranged thereon, which web and loaves are thereafter drawn into the baking-chamber and the loaves baked The tables and Webs are thus employed in alternation, the raw loaves being desirably always placed on a relatively cool web. The

tables after -being loaded with raw loaves may be moved in the proofing-room', whereby the loaves may be proofed on the web upon which itissubsequently baked. Instead of moving the tables into the proofing-room, the supports or webs may after being loaded with raw. loaves, be otherwise taken into a proofing room or chamber and after the loaves lzgre proofed inserted into the baking-chamer.

The tables D are shown as supported on rollers or casters d, thereby facilitating the movement thereof from place to pl-ace. The tables are held in place when the loaded webs are being drawn out thereon by a suitable hinged hook D in the manner shown in Fig. l. The'door being made as wide as the fioor or hearth of the bakingchamber permits the withdrawable support or web E to be made as wide as the said hearth or fioor.

The withdrawable support E, upon which the raw loaves are placed and by which they are drawnpinto the baking-chamber, consists, in this instance, as stated, of a thin web which is preferably made more or less exible and is desirably made of a material possessing low heat conductivity. A practical construction of such web is an inner body or filling consisting of a wire netting or screen and an outer covering of asbestos or the like, the screen being embedded in the asbestos. The web is made of approximately the same width and length as the hearth of the baking-chamber and is provided at its ends with thickened transverse strips e e', to which may be attacheddevices for drawing the web from and into the baking-chamber. The means for withdrawing the web E from the furnace consists, in this instance, of a rod or rods F, (shown in Fig, 1,) provided with eyes or hooks adapted to engage suitable hooks 62,'

fastened to the front transverse strip of the web. y When the web is to be withdrawn from the furnace upon the table D for the purpose of unloading the baking-chamber, the door B is first opened and the rods F are engaged with the hooks e2 and the rods and web thereafter drawn forwardly until the web with its load of baked loaves is fully on the table D. Thereafter the table is vremoved'and another table bearing another web and another batch of loaves is moved in place in front of the oven preparatory to reloading the bakingchamber.

The means herein shown for drawing a loaded web into the baking-chamber will now be described but any suitable means may be employed for drawing a web loaded with raw loaves into said baking-chamber.

E E designate cables which are attached to hooks e3, that are affixed-to the rear transverse strip `e of the web anda-re trainedfrear.- wardly over pulleys GG, which rotate on a shaft G, extending transversely across `the baking-chamberabove the hearth. The two cables -E/ are directed forwardly. and connec ioned to receive a crank hf, by which tlresh-aftl is rotated. lnpracticewhere the ovens'are placed side bysideand a crank cannot, therefore, be applied tothe ends-ofthe shaft other convenient means are provided for imparting rotation to said shaft.y When. the web isbeing withdrawn from.y the. baking-fcliamber-by the rods F, theshaft H rotates freeljl -to permit the cables to pay off of the drums.` Preferablythe baking-chamber is provided- Iwith one or more rollers I, which extend transversely across andv are rotatively mounted in the hearthof the baking-chamber in any sultable manner. Said roller l, herein shown, extends slightly above the level of the hearth, so as to receive the weight of the web as it passes thereover. As herein. shown-,but one roller is employed` and lis located neanthe door of thev baking-chamber; but itzwill lbe understood that more than one roller maybe employed and located at suitable positionsv in depressions in the hearth.

An important advantage arisingI from the loaves to rise and then drop, (thus producing a poorly-baked and ill-shaped lo'af,) asl would be true if the loaves be placed upo'n'aheated support that has been ,onlyfrecently withdrawn from the baking-chamber.y This is due to the fact that the loaf-support is conm' para-tively cool when -introduced into the chamber, and the material from which it isf.. made prevents the bottom heat from striking IOO IIO

the bottom of the loaves before the tops of the loaves are heated by the top heat.

At the sides of the baking-chamber and also at the end, as herein shown, are located troughs J J', respectively, which are partially filled with a suitable granular refractory material, approvably gravel. Supported over said troughs in any suitable manner are connected pipes J 2 J 2 and J 3, which communicate at one `end with a water-supplyr pipe and at the other end with a Water-return pipe j. Said pipes are perforated on their lower sides in a manner to permit the water to escape slowly therefrom. The water dripping from said pipes strikes the heated refractory material in the troughs, whereby it is vaporized and meistens or humidiiies the heated air uniformly throughout the baking-chamber. The sides of the troughs adj acent to the hearth are raised above the level of the hearth to prevent the loaves sliding into ksaid troughs, especially when the oven is used as a peel-oven.

Attention is called to the fact that the metal front plate B2, together with the standards B3, the door-opening in said plate, and the door closin said opening, may be applied to an orr inary peel-oven by tearing away the front of such peel-oven and thereafter fitting such metal front to the oven in place of the masonry part so torn away. An oven so rearranged may be used thereafter in connection with the removable and detachable loaf-support E or its equivalent in the manner hereinbefore described, or an oven originally erected' in accordance with the construction herein shown may be interchangeably employed as a peel-oven or as an oven having a detachable loaf-support. The oven herein shown is economical in its construction, when erected originally as shown in the drawings. The conversion of an ordinary peel-oven into one capable of use with a withdrawablesupport and capable also of use as a peel-oven may be economically made, so that with little expense an oven originally erected as a peel-oven may be given the double functions above referred to.

In Fig. 7 is shown the adaptation of my improved removable loaf-support when employed in connection with an oven having a baking-chamber too Wide for a practicable form of loaf-suppport. In this construction the baking-chamberis divided into two longitudinal parts by means of a partition J, consisting, as herein shown, of an I-b-eam. Sai'l I-beam not only divides one chamber the other, but constitutes a support for the upper wall of the baking-chamber. The loaf-supports E are each made of a width to correspond with the width of the compartments of the chamber and each support is operated to support its load of loaves and to introduce them into the chamber and remove them therefrom in the same manner as is the support shown in the otherfigures and previously described.

It is to be understood that changes in the structural details may be made within the scope of the invention, and I do not wish to be limited to such details except as hereinafter made the subject of specific claims.

It will be observed that inasmuch as the pipes J2 in the troughs J are located below the level ofthe inner side walls of the troughs said pipes will serve as drain-pipes in case' water be introduced into the troughs in a quantity to subir-.erge the pipes.

' I claim as my inventionl. In a bakers oven, the combination with the baking-chauz-.ber and its door, of a flexible support for the loaves resting on and coextensive with the hearth of the chamber, and constructed and designed to be introduced into and withdrawn from the chamber through the door thereof and to be entirely detached from the oven.

2. In a bakers oven, the combination with the baking-chamber and its door, of a flexible support for the loaves resting on and coextensive with the hearth of the chamber, and constructed and designed to be introduced into and withdrawn from the chamber removable flexible support for the loaves resting on and coextensive with the hearth of the chamber and made of a material possessing low heat conductivity.

4. A balcons oven comprising a bakingchamlier provided at its front with a dooropening which is of approximately the same width as the baking-hearth, a door for closing said opening, a flexible loaf-support resting on and coextensive with the-hearth and adapted to be withdrawn from the chamber and detached from the oven.

5. A bakers oven comprising a bakingchamber provided at its front with a dooropening which is of approximately the same width as the baking-hearth and closed at its rear end, a door for closing said opening, a iiexible web resting on and coextensive with the hearth and means for withdrawing the web from and drawing it into said bakingchamber through said front door-opening.

6. A bakers oven comprising a bakingchamber provided at its front with a dooropening which is of approximately the same width as the baking-chamber and closed at its rear end, a door for closing said opening, a flexible web resting on and coextensive with the baking-hearth and made of a mate- IOO IIO

rial possessing low heat conductivity and means for withdrawing the web from and drawing it into said baking-chamber through said front door-opening.

7. A bakers oven comprising a bakingchamber provided with a door-opening, a door for closing said opening, a web adapted to rest on and coextensive with the hearth and to support the material to be baked, means for withdrawing said web from the chamber through said door-opening, said web being free to be removed from the oven when withdrawn, and means for drawing said web into the chamber comprising a cable attached at one end to the rear end of the web, a rotative pulley at the rear end of the baking-chamber about which the cable is trained, said cable extending to the front end of the chamber, and means at the front end of the chamber for drawing said cable forwardly.

8. A bakers oven comprising a bakingchamber provided at its front with a dooropening, a door for closing said opening, a web adapted to rest on and coextensive with the hearth and designed to receive the material to be baked7 means forwithdrawing said web from thechamber through said dooropening, said web being designed to be detached from the oven whenwithdrawn, and means for drawingsaid web intothe chamber comprising a cable attached at one end to the rear end of the web, a rotative pulley at the rear end of the chamber about which said cable is trained, said cable extending to the front end of the chamber, and a rotative drum at the front of the chamber to which the front end of said cable is attached and upon which it is Wound.

9. The combination with a furnace comprising a baking-chamber provided witha hearth and atits front with a door-opening and closed at. its rear end, a flexible web adapted to rest on and coextensive with said hearth upon which the material to be baked is supported, and designed to be detached from the oven when withdrawn, a door for closing said opening, a table in front of said furnace having its upper surface at approx-imately the level of said door-opening, means for withdrawing the web from the chamber upon saidtable comprising a hook at the front end of the web and means to engage said hook to draw the web from the chamber,

and means for drawing the web from the table into said chamber.

10. A bakers oven comprising a bakingchamber having an opening at its front of approximately the same width as the bakinghearth and closed at its rear end, a door made of the same Width as said opening for closing the same, a flexible web resting on and coextensive with said hearth upon which the material to be bakedissupported, means for withdrawing said webfrom and drawing it into said chamber'through the frontdooropening, and a roller rotativelymounted'in the hearth over which said web passes as. it is withdrawn from and drawn intosaid bakingchamber.

11. A bakersv oven comprising'aibakingchamber .surrounded by masonry walls. and providedat its frontwith an opening. of approximately thesame width-as thebakinghearth, a front plate fitted to thefrontvwall of the lmasonry ovenand providedvwithsa door-opening in line with and aswide as the opening of said'chamber, a door forvclosing said door-opening ofthe fronti-plate, a web resting on and coextensivewith said hearth uponwhich the materialv to bebakedis supported and designedl to be detached fromv the oven when withdrawn, meansffor-.withdrawing said web from and drawingit into the chamber comprising hooks or; the like onthe front end of the web, a cable attached at one end to the rear end of the web, a pulley at the rear end of the baking-chamber over which said cable is trained, said cable extending forwardly through the baking-chamber, a shaft extending through themasonry walls of the baking-chamber, land =trans versely through the frontend of` thechamber, and provided outsideof'thefchamber with means by which it: may berotated, and a drum on said shaft towhich the forward end of said cable is attached and upon which it is wound to draw the web into the cham-I ber.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix my signature, in presence i of two witnesses, this 1st day of October, A. D. 1904.

GNTHER H. PETRI.

Witnesses:

H. R. GRAY,

CLYDE ERSKINE.

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