US8308A - Improvement - Google Patents
Improvement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8308A US8308A US8308DA US8308A US 8308 A US8308 A US 8308A US 8308D A US8308D A US 8308DA US 8308 A US8308 A US 8308A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- chamber
- ores
- gas
- sulphates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 46
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 12
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002250 progressing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000214 Mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036449 good health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
- C22B19/22—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with acids
Description
E. L. SEYMOUR.
'Makingwhite Zinc.
Pat ented u 26. 1851.
n. PETERS. momm -am wan mm ac.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIc IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESS OF REDUCING ORES BY ZlNC COMPOUNDS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 8,308, dated August 26,1851.
. To all whom itmay concern:
Be it known that I, EDWARD LOUIS SEY MOUR, of Williamsburg,in the State of New York, have invented, made, and applied to use certain new and useful improvements in the means of treating metals and the ores of 'metals, and also feldspathic and magnesian rocks; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a plan of the apparatus used b me; Fig. 2, a section thereof; Fig. 3, a crosssection of the furnace.
The same letters'indicate like parts in all the figures.
My invention consists in the use, in combination, of several known principles or'p'rocesses of metallurgical chemistry, which are hereinafter described, in the manufactureof zinc-white, by which I am enabled to'treat ores containing any number of metals, and while converting the metallic zinc, its oxide or sulphuret, into the sulphate of the oxide of zinc, (to be finally converted into zinc-white or other pigments,) to separate all the other metals contained in the ores by virtue of the chemical affinity of zinc or its oxide for sulphuric acid formed in the manner described, with or without the aid of other chemical agents and affinities, according to the nature of the metals contained in the ores under treatment.
For example, suppose the metals in solution to consist ofthe oxides of silver, copper, and zinc. Before using zinc or its oxide as a precipitant, it is more proper and advantageous to precipitate the silver first by means, for instance, of metallic copper, so as to have no other metal besides copper to separate afterward by means of zinc or its oxide. It will be seen clearly, therefore, that besides the chemical affinity of the oxide of zincfor sulphuric.
to simplify the general process and to lose no time. These processes commence, first, by conducting the sulphurous, gas resulting from the calcination of sulphu-reted ores of any description,in the presence of or conj oin tly with a regulated supply of atmospheric air and steam,both or either through strata of feldspathic rock, magnesian limestone, sulphu-rets of metals, or. other substance, either partly calcined and lixiviated or not, thereby effecting the decomposition of any and allof these articles into their respective sulphatesthat is, sulphates of alumina and potash or soda, sulphates of magnesia and lime, and sulphates of iron, copper, zinc, lead, 850., according to the nature of the ores or substances under treatment. the second part of these processes the surplus or unused sulphurous gas, either direct or from the first part of the process, is to be treated in leaden chambers or other vessels, and be converted by any usual or known means into dilute sulphuric acid'for use in making sulphates from ores or metals, whether connected with the manufacture of zinc-white or not, or treat ing the basic salts and the oxides formed by the calcination of the ores. In the third part of these processes whatever of the sulphurous gas and the nitrous gases (if such be used) evolved from the previous processes maybe in surplus, after either or all of the preceding parts of this process, is made available without escape or loss by combining it with crude or raw ammonia or other alkaline substances, thereby producing the principal elements of artificial manures. In the fourth of these processes the decomposed or sur-- plus sulphurous gas of the first operation, or the whole quantity evolved from the ore, when the second and third operations are not progressing, at thesame time is led into one or more reservoirs, in whichiwater and me,- tallic zinc being present, sulphate of zinc is formed and hydrogen gas is evolved. 'Ihesulphate of zinc is to be converted into white oxto supply steam for use in the processes in the bottom, to the space between the partition i manner and .by the means fully described.
In the accompanying drawings, 0 represents the furnace, at the fire-grate, and l the fire-door.
3 3 are fines inv the crown of the furnace, by which the fire-heat passes to heat the water in the boiler D, which has a safety-valve, 4, and a steam-pipe, (2, going the whole length above the other parts of the apparatus.
1) b b are iron or clay muffles, set within the furnace O, with doors 2 2 2, and the wall inclosing the furnace is built with air-fines c 0, so arranged as to admit. a current .of air, which is slightly warmed as it passes into openings in the mufiles just within the doors 2.
At 0 e are the mouths of the inuffles b b b, and at this end are provided small air-fines 5, so set that they admit a current of air from wlthout to unite with the snlphurous gases driven out by the heat from the materials thatare under treatment in the IllllfflQS.
At M is the chimney to the furnace O. The draft or supply of air into the fines c and muffles and fire in the furnace O and fiues 5 may secure permanency. The standing division f not reaching quite to the top'of the chamber E, and the hanging divisions-g not reaching quite to the bottom, are to be constructed to divide the chamber E and form receptacles for sulphureted ores of any nature, whether previously calcined and lixiviated or not, or.
any other ores, whether they be found in a me tallicstate or as oxides, as also feldspathic rock and magnesian limestone to be converted into their respective sulphates, and by'subsequent treatment of the metallic sulphates with metallic zinc or its oxides separated from each other, either with or without the aid of the chemical agents or affinities, as before stated, the finally-resulting sulphate of zinc being converted into zinc-white by any known means.
At 6 6 6 are pipes and cocksfrom the'steampipe cl, above which steam, uniting with the snlphurous gas from the materials in the muffles b b and the air from the fines 5, passes successively below either of the hanging partitions gand over the standing partitions f, and operates to convert the contents of the chambers, as above stated, into sulphates of the material it comes in contactvwith. The commingled current of snlphurous gas, air, and steam that is not absorbed by and united with the materials in the chambers E goes forward into and through the long horizontal flue h until it arrives in the chamber F. This chamher is lined with lead, and is fitted with one partition, 2', having an opening, 7, near the and the next'partition, lc,'which has an opening, 8, near the top, into the third division of the chamber F. V
At 14 are pipes to draw off any liquid contents of the chamber E.
At Z is a pipe and cook from the steam-pipe d, to admit a regulated current of steam, when needful,into the end of the flue h by a nozzle turned toward the chamber .F,- to accelerate the passage of the snlphurous gas into'the chamber F.
At 9 9 9 are pipes and cocks admitting a regulated supply of steam from the. pipe d above into the lower parts of the chamber F; and at 10 10 10 are vessels containing nitric acid, this acting with the surplus snlphurous gas from the first chamber, E, and with the steam from the pipes 9, condensed in the lower parts of 'thechamber F in the form of dilute sulphuric acid, and may 'be drawn off for use by pipes 17 on each division; or, in lieu of leaden chambers, I use any other known means of converting the snlphurous gas into sulphuric acid. The snlphurous and nitrous gases that are in'surplus or that are n'ot'taken up in the previously-described parts of this process are to be passed out by an opening, 11, toward the bottom, at the right-hand end of the chamber F, into the ammonia-chamber G, which has a grating, m, across it, to support a quantity of pumice-stone, coke, or other similar and fit material.
At H, above the chamber G, is a tank or vessel fit'to contain'a quantity of raw carbonate or caustic ammonia, or any other cheap alkali in solution. This tankhas a pipe, at, and valve to. permit a regulated quantity of the ammonia or alkaline solution to descend into the upper part of the chamber G through the coke or pumice-stone, in which they meet the surplus snlphurous or nitrous gases from the previous operations, and fall to the bottom of the chamber G in the form of alkaline salts or solution containing the most important element of artificial manure, and in a fit state to mix with other substances for agricultural purposes.
I is the lower part of the flue h, under which are vessels K, to contain water and the metallic zinc, and at 12 12 are pipes to admit sulphurous gas from the flue h-into the lower parts of the vessels is, in which it operates to form sulphuric acid, which converts the metallic zinc into sulphate of zinc and the hydrogen of the water into hydrogen gas, which, ascending by its levity and partial pressure, passes by the pipes 13 from the upper-part of the vessels is into the vessels 'L, above the flue h, which are fitted with pipes 16, to lead the gas into any convenient receptacle, where it common chimney, having a 'damper, 15, by
which the exit of any gases'may be soregulatedas to maintain a slight pressure of the other metal being placed in the muffles and subjected to the usual process of wasting or calcining, the sulphurous gas evolved'is not suffered to escapeinto the atmosphere and cause detriment and annoyance to the vicinity, but is applied to use in such a manner that when it is small in quantity it may be employed first and entirely in the production of the sulphate of zinc, that may be afterward converted into oxide of zinc, to be used as a white paint or pigment, by evaporation and calcination or any other known process, and that when the ores contain a large portion of sulphur the'sulphurous gas evolved in the calcination is so directed that all the foregoing processes may be progressing at the same instant of time, and feldspathic or magnesian rocks, or ores of any description, metallic zinc and raw carbonate, or caustic ammonia,'or any other substances that have an affinity for combining with sulphurous gas, may all be converted into their respective sulphates and other salts, for use in the arts, by thus retaining the hitherto noxious sulphurous gas and placing it, in combination with steam and atmospheric air, in active contact and combination with substances having an affinity for it and for the sulphurous gas formed in the processes, thereby producing merchantable and commercial articles, and at the same time protecting the general healthiness of the vicinity, instead of acting inj uriously upon either animal or vegetable health or life.
The hydrogen gas evolved in the described mode of converting metallic zinc into sulphate of zinc is made'available for illumination or other useful purposes, The diluted sulphuric acid found in the chamber F can be used in producing oxygen or chlorine gases for chemical and metallurgical purposes, the first by making it act-upon peroxide of manganese, the second by combining it with the same peroxide and chloride of sodium or common salt; but
the principal Virtue of the diluted sulphuric 7 acid formed in the chamber F will be to make it act on the basic salts and the oxides formed during the calcination of ores, to convert such basic salts and such oxides into perfect sulphates of the metal then under treatment; and by introducing this diluted sulphuric acid in any convenient manner among the substances in the chambers E, and abstracting the portion that has percolated to the bottom of the chambers E by the pipes 14, and repeatedly returning the solution into the chamber again by any convenient means,.the substances under-treatment will be more rapidly converted into their respective sulphates by thesolution acting conjointly with the sulphurous gas evolved from the ores under treatment in the furnaces.
What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
The use, in combination, of the. several processes described for the manufacture of zincwhite as a specific means of treating ores containing any number of metals and separating the metals from each other by virtue of the" chemical affinity of zinc or its oxide for sulphuric acid, as described, and this I claim with or without the aid of other chemical agents or affinities, substantially as described.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature this 4th day of October, 1850.
E. LOUIS SEYMOUR.
Witnesses:
WM. SERRELL, LEMUEL W. SERRELL;
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US8308A true US8308A (en) | 1851-08-26 |
Family
ID=2068632
Family Applications (1)
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US8308D Expired - Lifetime US8308A (en) | Improvement |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8308A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4712465A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1987-12-15 | The Boeing Company | Dual purpose gun barrel for spin stabilized or fin stabilized projectiles and gun launched rockets |
US10238911B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2019-03-26 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Motorized treadmill with motor braking mechanism and methods of operating same |
US10434354B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2019-10-08 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Power generating manually operated treadmill |
US10709926B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2020-07-14 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Treadmill |
USD930089S1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2021-09-07 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Treadmill |
-
0
- US US8308D patent/US8308A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4712465A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1987-12-15 | The Boeing Company | Dual purpose gun barrel for spin stabilized or fin stabilized projectiles and gun launched rockets |
US11465005B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2022-10-11 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Manually powered treadmill |
US10434354B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2019-10-08 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Power generating manually operated treadmill |
US10561883B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2020-02-18 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Manually powered treadmill with variable braking resistance |
US10561884B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2020-02-18 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Manual treadmill and methods of operating the same |
US10799745B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2020-10-13 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Manual treadmill and methods of operating the same |
US10850150B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2020-12-01 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Manually powered treadmill with variable braking resistance |
US11590377B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2023-02-28 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Manually powered treadmill |
US11179589B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2021-11-23 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Treadmill with electromechanical brake |
US11826608B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2023-11-28 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Treadmill with intermediate member |
US10709926B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2020-07-14 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Treadmill |
US11369835B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2022-06-28 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Configuration of a running surface for a manual treadmill |
US10905914B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2021-02-02 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Motorized treadmill with motor braking mechanism and methods of operating same |
US11420092B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2022-08-23 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Motorized treadmill with motor braking mechanism and methods of operating same |
US10238911B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2019-03-26 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Motorized treadmill with motor braking mechanism and methods of operating same |
USD930089S1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2021-09-07 | Woodway Usa, Inc. | Treadmill |
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