US830352A - Furnace for charring wood, peat, and the like. - Google Patents

Furnace for charring wood, peat, and the like. Download PDF

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US830352A
US830352A US24413005A US1905244130A US830352A US 830352 A US830352 A US 830352A US 24413005 A US24413005 A US 24413005A US 1905244130 A US1905244130 A US 1905244130A US 830352 A US830352 A US 830352A
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furnace
heating
charring
elements
wood
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Carl Jacob Rudolf Mueller
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres

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  • This invention has for its object an imn-oved furnace f or cherring wood, peat, and similar matters.
  • the material to be charred is kept confined in baskets or rece tacles of plnited steel wire, thin perform ed 5 met metal, or the like, and the charred product can be cooled in the furnace by a suitable cooling medium, so that a subsequent extinguishing of the charcouls in the wet way, which is in many res )ec ts inconvenient, need not be performed.
  • he furnace which is principally constructed to allord a rapid charring, dillers in respect to the types of furnace hitherto employed in the inronnen-nt within the separate chairing-chmnbers of a. greater number of compartments, the walls oi which consist aka, number of heating elements suitably ol' cnst-iron, said elements being connected one with the other to form passages into which the heating medium, suitably hot uir under pressure, is led to produce it uniform hunting of the compartments and u rapid churring oi the material confined therein, said nmteriul obviously forming a relativcl small quantity in rich compartment.
  • a comparatively small chewing-chamber can be provided with a great heading-surface, which obviously is oi the greatest importance in order to produce a. rapid char-ring.
  • the furnace is further arranged in such a manner that the charred product can be cooled within the furnace by leading a coolingmedium into the elements after the sup ily of the heating medium has beenshut 0d, said elements thus serving during this period of the process as cooling elements.
  • Figure 1 is a vertical section of one end of a furnace constituting one form of embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a. horizontal section on line a a, of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line b b of Fig. 2, illustrating a, part of the furnace.
  • Fig. 4 is'a sectional view showing the hollow slopingbottom adapted to be heated.
  • Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, on a relatively small scale,
  • Every charring-chamber has a bottom leaning toward the middle, said bottom being eventually arranged in such a manner as to allow of being heated to facilitale the running 011' of the liquid products of ilistillution--for instance, it mu consist of hollow iron plates 18, into which the heating medium is led from the tubes 5 through the tubes 19. Situated above this bottom are the heating-ompnrtmeuts 1, each eharringchamber containing a great-er number of such compartments. (Sixteen shown in the drawings.) The walls of these compartments are formed of a.
  • heating elements 2 consisting, in the form of embodiment lllllSll'iLl,itl,(lf rectangular mirrow hollow bodies, suitably of cnstdrop, the walls of which can be even or corrugated, as. desired, and are PIOVlLlGtl interiorly-i with n partition Z5, having openings at lheends.
  • the heating elements are provided at their lower and upper sides with supply and outlet pipes for theheuting medium, said pipes bein; connected togetl'ier by flanges or in any other suitable way.
  • l'ourhylour wallsof this kind placed in the form of a square form a compartment. The lowermost.
  • heating element of each well is connected with distrihuting'tubes 5, extending from c supply-conduit 7 for the heating medium iroduced in a suitable generator. From the latt er the heating medium thus passes through the conduit 7 and is distributed into the sev oral distributing-tubes 5, from which itlenters into the diifcrent heating elements 2 and passes some in the directions indicated by the arrows. When the heating medium has passedv through all the elements of each well,
  • the distributin -tubes also communicate with a main supp y tube or conduit for a cooling medium that, when the charring has been finished and the registers 8 have been closed, is led into the elements 2 for cooling the charred product while still within the furnace.
  • the su ly of the cooling medium can be shut ofi y registers 14 or other suitable means.
  • the furnace is closed at the to by removable covers 11, which are 'suitab y made hollow and filled withsand, the lower side of said covers havin edges enteringinto grooves in frames or the ike placed at t 1e to of the furnace, said grooves being filled wit sand.
  • the frames project into ooves 16 in the upper ed e of the ,brickwor said grooves bein 17 and 1,7 are san stoppings for the distributing and outlet tubes, respectively.
  • the charring is performed in the following way: suppose the material to be charred consisting of wood ribs. Such a material is known to be better charred a standingthan in a lying position. On account thereof a quantity of wood ribs 10 is filled in a standing position into baskets 9 of plaited steel wire, perforated sheet metal, or the like, which may suitably be performed in a special fill ing-machine. The length of the ribs is measured in such a way as to be to the depth of the basket approximately as three to two, because the volume of the ribs is reduced during the charrin process approximately onethn'd.
  • Thebes ets filled with ribs are placed to a number correspondingto the charge necessary for, each charring-chamber.
  • onspecial carts on which they are brought into the preparatory heatin -chamber A in a standing position throng 1 doors'or the like.
  • the material is preparative] heated in the chamher A by means of the heating medium issuing from the heating elements 2.
  • the baskets are lifted, suitably by fours, u to the .roof of the preparator heatingcll ambcr, where they are left whil most one of the covers 11 is removed, whereupon the baskets are lowered -into the heatbig-compartments and the cover 11 isrelaced, and so on until the whole furnace is filled.
  • the heating medium is let on and led through the heating elements.
  • the heat from all .four sides netrates uniformly into each of the small lists into which the whole quantity of wood is divided, ithe charring is performed very rapidly and uniformly.
  • the charring being finished the registers 8 are shut and the registers Marco ned, whereb the cooling medium is broug t to stream't e same way as the heating medium before did, so that the charredproduct is cooled within the furnace.
  • a furnace of the kind described it is not suitable to take care ductsthan tar, tar-oil, and distillation gases, because the furnace is principally ada ted to of other by-proafford a high outcome of first-rate c arcoal with the employment of the shortest Ipossible formed drip on the bottoms of the charring-chambers and are led therefrom through a tube 12 suitably ofcopper.
  • the Water-steam formed during the first is led away through a tube 13 and, after a valve having been reversed, the tar-gases and combustible distillation ases afterward formed are led off through t e same tube and caused to ass a cooler from which the noncondensab e ases are led in known manner to the source of eat and burned.
  • Oharring peat is performed in a similar way as charring wood, with the only difference that the baskets are introduced em ty into the compartments of the charring-c ambers and then filled with peat from carts of the same length as the breadth of the charringchamber, said carts running on rails on the walls of the furnace.
  • a furnace for the purpose specified comprising in combinationa charring-chamber divided into compartments bounded b heating elements, incombustiblc-receptac es, for the material to be charred, adapted to be placed within the com artments, means for causing a heating me ium to pass through the heating elements, means for shutting oilthe heating medium, and means for cooling the heating elements, substantially as described.
  • a charring-furnace comprisin in comof charring-c ambers, urality of compartments each containing a p heating elements, said charringformed by.
  • chambers being arranged in two rows with a preparatory heating-chamber located 'between the said two rows of charring-champeriod of the charring process here, and means forcausing a heating medium elements into the as GSGIlbBd.
  • 'A charring-furnace comprising in combination a pluralitv of chewing-chambers, each containing a plurality of compartments formed by heating elements, said chambers having bottoms each slo ing towardthe middle of the chamber, sai bottoms being hollow and forming passages for a suitable heating medium, and means for causing the said heating medium to pass through the heating elements and also throughsaid hollow bottoms, substantially as deset'ibed.
  • a furnace for the purpose specified havin g acharring-ehamber divided into compartments by hollow heating elements, receptacles'to be placed within said compartments,
  • said receptacles to contain the material to be charred and being of refractory material, means for causing a heating fluid to pass through the hollows'of said heatin elements, means for controlling the flow of t 1e heating medium, and means for cooling said heating elements, substantiallv as described.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)

Description

PATENTBD SEPT. 4, 1906.
0. J. R. MULLER.
T, AND THE LIKE.
WJJK. Mei/le m H 2,, $31 w m /W No- 830,352. PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906. O. J. R. MfiLLER. FURNACE FOR GHARRING WOOD, PBAT, AND THE LIKE.
APPLIUATION FILED IBB.4.1905.
' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
v a) Wine spie F rjlw/vni'nr .g 6&9; 1221024481 PATENTED SEPT. *1, 1906. O. J. R. MULLER. ARRING WOOD, PEA'I, AND THE LIKE. APPLIUATION FILED FEB4,1905| 4 sums-sum: 3.
- '2" ."ifig? 11 FURNACE FOR CH JIM/B22237: JKMuller (2 I I I I i l I 1 l I I I l I I I I V 4 My WM No. 930,352. PATENTED "SEPT. 4, 1906.
0. J. R. MULLER. FURNACE FOR OHARRING WOOD, PEAT, AND THE LIKE.
APPLIGATION FILED FEB. 4, 1905.
4 SHEBTSSHEBT 4.
j;@ve%d014 Jw filday d'lier UNITED STATES PATENT or "ICE.
FURNACE F OR CHARFHNG WOOD, FEAT, AND THE LIKE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Sept. 4, 1906.
Application filed February 4, 1905. Serial No. 244,130.
To all whom it "my concern:
Be it known that LCAIH, Jixcon RIDOLF hifILLER, a. subject oi the (.iermnn Emperor, Hill] a resident of H lioscngntan, Sumlbyberg, in the Kingdom of Sweden, have invented ertain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces for Charting Wood, Peat, and the l iikc, of which the following is a. specification, retereuce being bad therein to the accompa crying drawings.
This invention has for its object an imn-oved furnace f or cherring wood, peat, and similar matters. lo the new furnace'to be described the material to be charred is kept confined in baskets or rece tacles of plnited steel wire, thin perform ed 5 met metal, or the like, and the charred product can be cooled in the furnace by a suitable cooling medium, so that a subsequent extinguishing of the charcouls in the wet way, which is in many res )ec ts inconvenient, need not be performed.
he furnace, which is principally constructed to allord a rapid charring, dillers in respect to the types of furnace hitherto employed in the inrungenn-nt within the separate chairing-chmnbers of a. greater number of compartments, the walls oi which consist aka, number of heating elements suitably ol' cnst-iron, said elements being connected one with the other to form passages into which the heating medium, suitably hot uir under pressure, is led to produce it uniform hunting of the compartments and u rapid churring oi the material confined therein, said nmteriul obviously forming a relativcl small quantity in rich compartment. By t iis arrangement a comparatively small chewing-chamber can be provided with a great heading-surface, which obviously is oi the greatest importance in order to produce a. rapid char-ring. The furnace is further arranged in such a manner that the charred product can be cooled within the furnace by leading a coolingmedium into the elements after the sup ily of the heating medium has beenshut 0d, said elements thus serving during this period of the process as cooling elements.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of one end of a furnace constituting one form of embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a. horizontal section on line a a, of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line b b of Fig. 2, illustrating a, part of the furnace. Fig. 4 is'a sectional view showing the hollow slopingbottom adapted to be heated. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, on a relatively small scale,
of u-iurnuce having six cherring-chnmbers disposed in two parallel rows of three each with u prepuratory heating-chamber hi': tween the rows in the form of embodiment of the invention illustrated the outer brickwork is divided into Hl'Vll'lli i:hairing-chembers, one of which is shown in Fig. In the apparatus illustrated any desired number of equal chairingchambers of this kind are arranged in two rows, between which is formed a pre aratory heating-clu1mber A, the purpose ot' which is to be described. Every charring-chamber has a bottom leaning toward the middle, said bottom being eventually arranged in such a manner as to allow of being heated to facilitale the running 011' of the liquid products of ilistillution--for instance, it mu consist of hollow iron plates 18, into which the heating medium is led from the tubes 5 through the tubes 19. Situated above this bottom are the heating-ompnrtmeuts 1, each eharringchamber containing a great-er number of such compartments. (Sixteen shown in the drawings.) The walls of these compartments are formed of a. suitable number of superposed heating elements 2, consisting, in the form of embodiment lllllSll'iLl,itl,(lf rectangular mirrow hollow bodies, suitably of cnstdrop, the walls of which can be even or corrugated, as. desired, and are PIOVlLlGtl interiorly-i with n partition Z5, having openings at lheends. The heating elements are provided at their lower and upper sides with supply and outlet pipes for theheuting medium, said pipes bein; connected togetl'ier by flanges or in any other suitable way. As stated, l'ourhylour wallsof this kind placed in the form of a square form a compartment. The lowermost. heating element of each well is connected with distrihuting'tubes 5, extending from c supply-conduit 7 for the heating medium iroduced in a suitable generator. From the latt er the heating medium thus passes through the conduit 7 and is distributed into the sev oral distributing-tubes 5, from which itlenters into the diifcrent heating elements 2 and passes some in the directions indicated by the arrows. When the heating medium has passedv through all the elements of each well,
and thereby given oil the greater part of its heat, it is led through tubes 6 to the preparatory heating-chemher. Placed in the con nccting-tubes between the distributingdubos 5 and the main conduit 7 are registers S or other means for shutting oil the sunnl'v of Hm also 11 ed with sand.
heating medium. The distributin -tubes also communicate with a main supp y tube or conduit for a cooling medium that, when the charring has been finished and the registers 8 have been closed, is led into the elements 2 for cooling the charred product while still within the furnace. The su ly of the cooling medium can be shut ofi y registers 14 or other suitable means.
The furnace is closed at the to by removable covers 11, which are 'suitab y made hollow and filled withsand, the lower side of said covers havin edges enteringinto grooves in frames or the ike placed at t 1e to of the furnace, said grooves being filled wit sand. The frames project into ooves 16 in the upper ed e of the ,brickwor said grooves bein 17 and 1,7 are san stoppings for the distributing and outlet tubes, respectively.
v The charring is performed in the following way: suppose the material to be charred consisting of wood ribs. Such a material is known to be better charred a standingthan in a lying position. On account thereof a quantity of wood ribs 10 is filled in a standing position into baskets 9 of plaited steel wire, perforated sheet metal, or the like, which may suitably be performed in a special fill ing-machine. The length of the ribs is measured in such a way as to be to the depth of the basket approximately as three to two, because the volume of the ribs is reduced during the charrin process approximately onethn'd. Thebes ets filled with ribs are placed to a number correspondingto the charge necessary for, each charring-chamber. onspecial carts on which they are brought into the preparatory heatin -chamber A in a standing position throng 1 doors'or the like. The material is preparative] heated in the chamher A by means of the heating medium issuing from the heating elements 2. From the carts the baskets are lifted, suitably by fours, u to the .roof of the preparator heatingcll ambcr, where they are left whil most one of the covers 11 is removed, whereupon the baskets are lowered -into the heatbig-compartments and the cover 11 isrelaced, and so on until the whole furnace is filled. Then the heating medium is let on and led through the heating elements. On account of the very great and suitably-dis posed heat' -surface, and especially on accountofthfiakt, that the heat from all .four sides netrates uniformly into each of the small lists into which the whole quantity of wood is divided, ithe charring is performed very rapidly and uniformly. The charring being finished the registers 8 are shut and the registers Marco ned, whereb the cooling medium is broug t to stream't e same way as the heating medium before did, so that the charredproduct is cooled within the furnace. By this, as before stated, the advantage is time of charring. The tar and tar-oi e the outbination a plurality :to pass through the said pre aratory-heating chamber, substantially In using a furnace of the kind described it is not suitable to take care ductsthan tar, tar-oil, and distillation gases, because the furnace is principally ada ted to of other by-proafford a high outcome of first-rate c arcoal with the employment of the shortest Ipossible formed drip on the bottoms of the charring-chambers and are led therefrom through a tube 12 suitably ofcopper. The Water-steam formed during the first is led away through a tube 13 and, after a valve having been reversed, the tar-gases and combustible distillation ases afterward formed are led off through t e same tube and caused to ass a cooler from which the noncondensab e ases are led in known manner to the source of eat and burned.
Oharring peat is performed in a similar way as charring wood, with the only difference that the baskets are introduced em ty into the compartments of the charring-c ambers and then filled with peat from carts of the same length as the breadth of the charringchamber, said carts running on rails on the walls of the furnace.
Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. A furnace for the purpose specified, comprising in combinationa charring-chamber divided into compartments bounded b heating elements, incombustiblc-receptac es, for the material to be charred, adapted to be placed within the com artments, means for causing a heating me ium to pass through the heating elements, means for shutting oilthe heating medium, and means for cooling the heating elements, substantially as described.
2. A charring-furnace, comprisin in comof charring-c ambers, urality of compartments each containing a p heating elements, said charringformed by.
chambers being arranged in two rows with a preparatory heating-chamber located 'between the said two rows of charring-champeriod of the charring process here, and means forcausing a heating medium elements into the as GSGIlbBd.
3. A charring-furnace, bination a plurality of charring-chem bers di vided into a suitable number of com artmeuts by heating elements connecte with the other so as to form passages for a suitable heating media for leading the heating medium to t e assages formed by the heating elements, p
a supcomprising in com-f m, distributin tubes u one" a pl -eonduit for the heating medium conneete with the distributin -tubes, means for shutting off the supply of t e heating medium, a supp] -conduit for a cooling medium, and means fiir distributing the cooling medium to the several heating elements, substantially as described.
4. 'A charring-furnace, comprising in combination a pluralitv of chewing-chambers, each containing a plurality of compartments formed by heating elements, said chambers having bottoms each slo ing towardthe middle of the chamber, sai bottoms being hollow and forming passages for a suitable heating medium, and means for causing the said heating medium to pass through the heating elements and also throughsaid hollow bottoms, substantially as deset'ibed.
5. A furnace for the purpose specified, havin g acharring-ehamber divided into compartments by hollow heating elements, receptacles'to be placed within said compartments,
said receptacles to contain the material to be charred and being of refractory material, means for causing a heating fluid to pass through the hollows'of said heatin elements, means for controlling the flow of t 1e heating medium, and means for cooling said heating elements, substantiallv as described.
In witness whereof have hereunto si ned my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
' CARL JACOB RUDOLP MULLER.
Witnesses:
Arc. Sonnxsnn, AXEL Emwonn.
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