US829791A

US829791A - Turbine which utilizes gases from fire-chambers for reheating.

Info

Publication number: US829791A
Application number: US19472404A
Authority: US
Inventors: Oscar Junggren
Original assignee: General Electric Co
Current assignee: General Electric Co
Priority date: 1904-02-23
Filing date: 1904-02-23
Publication date: 1906-08-28
Anticipated expiration: 1923-08-28

Description

PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906.

0. JUNGGREN. TURBINE WHICH UTILIZES GASES PROM FIRE CHAMBERS FOR REHEATING.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 23. 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Inventor.-

Witnesses:

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7 PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906.

O. JUNGGRE'N. TURBINE WHICH UTILIZBS GASES FROM FIRE CHAMBERS FOR REHEATING.

APPLICATION FILED 313.23, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N nu U lnven bor',

w b r h g A n I. u J M a C m 2 this difie rence in temperature to reheat the steamor other motive fluid bycausing the To all whom it mal concern;

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A,

CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TURBINE WHlCH UTlLIZES GASE FROM FIRE-CHAMBERS FOR REHEATING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 28,1906.

Application filed February 23, 1904:. Serial No. 194,724.

Be it known that I, OscAR J NGGRE N, a

citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in means for improvin the efliciency of elastic-fluid turbines by reneaters which utilize the gases'from firechambers, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to elasticfluid turbines, and has for its object to improve their efliciency by reheating the motive fluid in its passage through the turbine by means of the gases from a fire-chamber.

Tests made with different kinds of fuel, boilers, grate-surfaces, &c., show a considerable variation in the temperature of. the fluegases or waste products of combustion issuing from the fire-chamber; but in all cases they are considerably above that of the steam drawn from the boiler. The temperature of the flue-gases is also to a certain extent governed by the draft required to produce good combustion. I take advantage of waste flue-gases to give up a certain amount of their heat on their way to the chimney to one or more reheaters. After the steam has passed through a nozzle or other discharging,

device its temperature is reduced by a greater or less amount, depending upon the ratio of expansion of the nozzle or device, and the greater the expansion the greater will be the difierence in temperature between it and the escaping gases.

By properly constructing and arrangin the reheater 'or reheaters they can be,ma e to absorb considerable heat from the gases withoutseriously afi'ecting the draft, and therefore every degree that the temperature of the steam Within the turbine is raised results in a gain, not

. only in the turbine itself, but in the system as a whole; The more directly the heat from the gases can be a plied to the expanded the motive fluid is abstracted by successive steam the greater wi 1 be the saving. y

In carrying out my invention a turbine of any desired construction may be provided, but preferably one in which the energy from stages. For the purpose of illustration I have shown my invention in connection with a' Curtis type ofmultistage turbine. .Each stage of the turbine is provided with one or fluid-carrying passages having a constant ratio of exp anison which discharge the motive fluid at the proper angle against one or more rows of bucket-wheels. The several stages may be of similar or dissimilar construction, as best suits the conditions for which the machine is intended.

In addition to the above a reheater is provided for reheating the motive ,fluid as it passes through the turbine. .I maysurround the turbine-casing by a chambered jacket forming an external reheater or the diaphragm or separator employed to divide the turbine into stages may be formed with one reheating devices. A simple construction comprises a cast-metal diaphragm between wheels made in one or more pieces, each'containin .a chamber .or chambers which is forme by a core at the time the casting is be made of separate" pieces and suitably united.

The diaphragm' or diaphragms are prothe chamber or chambers from the firefrom' the chamber or chambers to the chimney or stack. The path .of theme ases through the diaphragms may be straig t or tortuous, as best suits the requirements.

bers and the chimney or stack is a second flue, also of sufiicient size to convey said gases without undue restriction.

vided with one or more orificesleading mto' striction, and between the chamber or cham-' It will be found to be satisfactory to utilize,

more nozzles, each composed of one or more or more heating-chambersforming internal 1 formed, or the diaphragms or separators may chamber, and one or more orifices leading The nozzle or nozzles, each containing one or the waste flue-gases from the fire-chamber which supplies the heat to the vaporenerator, that in turn supplies vapor to t e turbine; but I may utilize the waste gases from a diflerent vapor-generator or from a superheater. I

It is preferable to utilize the heat which is commonly wasted for improving the efliciency of the turbine; but under certain conditions I may supply fire-gases directly for reheating as. distinguished from waste fluegases, since the construction described is well adapted for such purposes. In the latter case care must be exercised not to overheat dation for the boiler and grate, and 4 the.

fire-chamber. (Shown in dotted lines.)

5 represents a vertical-shaft steam-turbine, iand 6 an electric generator or other load there- 7 and 8 represent the steam-chests which receive steam from the supplyipe 9, the latter being provided with a suita le throttlevalve 10, situated between the turbine and the boiler 11. Surrounding the turbine is a c lindrical jacket 12, containing a reheatingc amber 13, one of the .main walls ofthe chamber being formed by the jacket and the other by the turbine-casing. Between the fire-chamber and the reheatin -chamber extends a flue 14, and between sai chamber and the chimney or stack extends a flue 16. These flues are both rovided with the necessary flanges, so that t ey can be coupled or uncou led, as desired. The casing is made up in t e necessary sections, so that it can be ap lied to and taken off from the turbine.

eferring to Fig. 2, 17 represents the base of the turbine, having a flanged neck 18, which is connected to the condenser or other exhaust. Mounted abovethe base is a wheelcasing made up of cylindrical members 19, which are separated one from the other by diaphragms 20. Thesediaphragms are rovided with to and bottom shoulders w ich engagewith t e portions of the casing and--- serve to center them. The diaphragms each contain one or more chambers 21, and the latter receive the fire-gases from the inletflue through one or more orifices 22 and discharge them through one or more oriflces 23 into the discharge-flue 16. In order to cause the fire-gases to follow a more or less Mounted in the turbine is a shaft 26,'on.

which the wheels 27 are mounted. Each of the wheels is provided with one or more rows of wheel-buckets 28, which. receive steam' or other elastic fluid from the nozzle formed in the diaphragm. Where one or more rows of wheel-buckets are provided, a row of intermediate buckets 30 is provided between them. The arc covered by the intermediate buckets varies with the different stages, it

- being smallest in the first stage and greatest in the last stage. Steam is supplied to the nozzles of the first stage fromthe steamchest 8, which contains suitable valves for controlling the passage of fluid. To the steam-chest is connected a supply'conduit 9.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out 'by other.

by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1.- An elastic-fluid turbine'comprising a casing, a nozzle or fluid discharging device and a wheel-bucket against which motive fluid is discharged, in combination with a reheating device carried by the turbine for heating the walls of the latter, and a flue for conveying fire-gases to the reheating device. 2. An elast c-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a nozzle or fluid discharging device,

and wheel-buckets against wnich the motive fluid is discharged, in comb nation with.

a reheating device which heats the walls of the casing and the fluid flowing through the,

nozzles and buckets, said device comprising in part a portion of the turbine and in part an independent structure, a fire-chamber,

and a flue for conveying the ases from the fire-chamber to the reheating ev ce.

3 An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a nozzle or fluid discharging device,- and wheel-buckets against which the motive fluid is discharged, in combination with a re-v heating-chamber formed in the turbine-Walls, a fire-chamber, and a flue arranged to receive. fire-gases from the fire-chamber and discharge them into the reheating-chamber.

4. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a nozzle or fluid discharging device,;

and wheel-buckets. against'which the motive fluid is discharged, in combination with a reheating device located at the turbine for heating-its walls, ,saiddevice comprising a wall surrounding and closely conforming to the shape of the casing and having an inlet and outlet at diametrically opposite points,

a fire-chamber, a stack or chnnney, a' flue for ing one or more walls in common with the turbine and another Wall carried thereby for increasing the temperature of the motive fluid as it flows through the nozzle and buckets, a fire-chamber, a flue for conveying the waste products of combustion from the fire-chamber to the reheating-chamber, a stack or chimney, and a flue for conveyln the said products of combustion to the stac after they have given up a certa n portion of their heat in the reheating-chamber.

6. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing for a wheel-chamber and a reheatingchamber entirely separate from the wheelchamber, a nozzle or fluid discharging dev ce, a wheel bucket in the first chamber against which the motive fluid is discharged, in combination with a reheating-jacket which surrounds the cylindrical wall of the casing andcorhmunicates with the reheatingchamber in the latter, and a flue for conveying flue-gases to and. from the jacket and reheating-chamber. Y

7. An elastic-fluid turblne comprising a casing which is divided into stages or compartments, a row of wheel-buckets m each compartment, and a nozzle or device for discharging motive fluid to the buckets of each stage, in combination with a reheatingjac et which. surrounds two or more stages arranged toheat the motive fluid while passingfrom one stage" to the next and' while doing work inthe stages, and fiues for conveying waste flue-gases to and from the chamber in the jacket.

8; An elastic-fluid turbine which iS divided into stages or compartments, one or more rows of wheel-buckets for each stage, a nozzle or discharging device for each stage, in combination with a reheating device which surrounds all of'the stages except the last, and. means connected with a fire-chamber for supplying fire-gases to the reheating device. V

9. An, elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a plurality of wheels, and nozzles or devices for discharging motive fluid to the several wheels, in combination with charmbered diaphragms situated between the wheels which divide the casing into compartments and form an internal reheater a reheater for the'casing located exterior thereto, and a source ofheat-supply common to the reheaters,

10. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a plurality of wheels, and nozzles or devices for discharging motive fluid to the several wheels, in combination with a cham bered diaphragm situated between. the wheels, which divides the easing into compartments and across the chamber of which nozzles extend, and means for .suppl g heat to a chamber in the diaphragm to eat the walls of the latter and also of the nozzles in the chamber for reheat ng the motive fluid.

11. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a plurality of wheels, and nozzles or is provided with orifices opening into and out of the chamber, and a jacket forming with the casing a heating-chamber which communicates with the chamber of the diaphragm through the orifices.

12. .An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a plurality of wheels, and nozzles or devices for discharging motive fluid to the several wheels, in combination with internal and external means acting to conve flueroo' gases for reheating the motive flui as it passes through the turbine.

13. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising 'a casing, a plurality of wheels, and nozzles or devices for discharging motive fluid to the several wheels, in combination w th internal devices for discharging motive fluid .to the several wheels, in combination with a chambered diaphragm which divides the turbine into sta es and is 0 en to ermit flueases g g P g to pass'therethroug for internally heating two stages at the same time, and "a chamber which receives flue-gases for heating the turbine externally. p

15. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, a plurality of Wheels, and nozzles or devices for discharging motive fluid to the several wheels, in combination with internal and external heating-chambers for reheating the motive fluidtas it passes through the turbine, a source of heat which is common to 10 bine, and a conduit for conveying flue-gases the chambers, and fiues for conveying fluewhich is common to the chambers. gases to and from the chambers.

16. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a I In witness whereof I'have hereunto set my casing, a plurality of Wheels, and nozzles or hand this 20th day of February, 1904.

devices for discharging motive fluid to the OSCAR JUNGGREN. several wheels, in combinat on with internal Witnesses: and external heating-chambers for reheating 7 EDWARD VVILLIAMs, Jr.,

the motive fluid as it passes through the tur- ALEX. F. MACDONALD.