US828721A - Drawing apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

BAIBNTED we. 14, 1906.

S. H. BONALDSGER DRAWING APPARA'HES'.

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UNITED STA ES PATENT oFFro'E.

DRAWlNG APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 14, 1906,

Application filed March 10,1906. Serial No. 305,338.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SIDNEY HERBERT DON- ALDSQN, a subject of the King of England, residing at 6 Boundary road, South Hampstead, in the county of London, England, have invented certain new and useful linprovements in Drawing Apparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to a new and improved drawing appliance of the nature of a T-square for use on a drawing-board for architectural, mechanical, or such like drawing or work.

The invention refers to a drawing appliance of the type of Tsquare in which the arm or blade is pivoted on a suitable upright post and is allowed to swing in any position there from in or out of right angles to the upright edge of the drawing-board.

In the usual form of my invention I provide a longitudinal perpendicular guide-bar, having, by preference, a V-groove in each side of such bar or the like. Above the said bar and extending on each side of it is a platform oi plate carrying a center upright post with side pieces fixed under the platform, with corresponding V-grooves running parallel assesso Into these grooves" I place antifriction steel balls, which are algrooves in the guidebar.

lowed to occupy all the space between the grooves in the guide-bar and the grooves in metal side pieces on the under side of the platform before mentioned.

One of the side pieces, with its groove for the ball-race, is made adjustable by means of screws or the like to take up the wear on its groove and also on the groovesof the nichebar. In order that the bolts may run eely,

so as to enable the platform carrying the W blade to run easily up and down the guidebar, I make channels oi V, tubular, or other sections all round the side pieces before mentioned, so that the balls may run continuously round, making a complete circuit outside the pieces, the balls coming in contact with the guide-bar in the inner side of the said side pieces and being keptin the grooves on the side pieces by means of the tubular or other section of casing or covering. The platform" before mentioned has a longitudinal move ment on the guide-bar by means of the ball;

bearings, as before mentioned, and has piv oted upon the central upright post fixed on the platform a blade or arm somewhat of the shape and size usual in a T-square.

On the top edge or other suitable position I place along strip of serrated metal, having the teeth on the upper edge overlapping the edge of the blade. that in drawingperpendicular lines down the sheet of paper the point of the pencil may be placed in the teeth and the platform and blade run easily and rapidly from top to betable position thereon. The serrated band or strip may he graduated to any desired scale, and there may be center-punched marks or other holes or indentations thereon to enable portionof an are from any point,

The 'oenter post is tapped inside and out. $orcwing on the outside is a strong handle ,nhicli upon a slight movement locks the blade upon the platform, while still allowing a perpendicular motion of the platform and blade up and down the guide-ban" The looking enables the operator to retain'any desired "angle. 7 W There may be a flat scale or strip pivoted underthe blade, extending beyond the serrations, thus enabling a straight line to be drawn by means of the straight edge of the fiat strip. This strip is removable and is pivblade by means of a wing-nut or other device,

with regard to the top or bottom edge of the said blade. A pointer and scale may also indicate the angle between the bar and the extension of the si'nsil end of the said blade. This strip or bar'gives' a series of angles from points re ressions; be possible to obtain with the blade alone, and vanishing-points can be obtained above and below the blade.

The upright post on the platform, which icons the pivot on which the blade works, 'may'be drilled and tapped through vertically, a milled screw engaging therein, so that when the said screw is turned the lower part of'it ressesdown on the uidebar,thusinaking t e blade to be hel at or pivoted on a fixed position upon the said guide-bar.

V Iii order to indicate the exact angle of the blade in regard to the guide-bar or edge of thedrawingboard, I key upon the upright center post a fine-toothed wheel and engage therewith a pinion pivoted upon the top plate which forms the extension of the blade,

oted at the right hand or smaller end of the The object of these teeth is,

tom of the paper or to or from any other suitthe point of a compass to describe an are or which allows it to be set at any desired angle blade by means of graduations merited on 7 show details of with a dial or its equivalent fixed upon the inion and an indicating-pointer upon the back extension of the blade. The smallest movement of the said blade is thus indicated by the rotation of the dial by means of the enga ement of the pinion with the toothed whee before mentioned, thus enabling very fine measurements to be registered. The blade has at or near its smaller end a slot or series of slots, so as to enable the operator to arrive at a vanishing-point with great facility simply by putting a pin through the slot into the board where required, lowering the lefthand or sliding platform of the apparatus while drawing the lines. A pointer attached to the platform enables the vertical osition of the blade to be accurately de med by means of the graduations on the guide-bar. I

may also provide a dovetailed slot in the said guide-bar and have a series of movable scales which can be readily slid into the aforesaid dovetailed slot in the said guide-bar, and

thus the scales can be varied according to the class of measurement or work required. Provision may be made, if necessary, for the addition of scales of various graduation to be attached to or form part of the bar, which is attached to the under surface of the blade, as

before indicated.

One or more snap-springs are provided under the upper blade to retain the lower strip or bar in its closed position when in use. When desired, an additional small scale can be pivoted upon the top bar or any other convenient position, so that when the bar is raised or lowered at an angle to the blade and it is wished to draw a series of lines of varying angles, but at given distances between such lines, these distances may be easily regulated by means of the graduations upon this small pivoted bar, which may be brou ht down at 1 ht or any other angle to the ar and the ind ications read from the line of contact with the top edge of the blade proportionately, and in order that this invention may be understood I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings accompanying this specification, in which Figure 1 18 a top plan of the apparatus. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are details hereinafter referredto. Fig. 5 shows alternative construction of portion of the apparatus. Figs. 6 and f such alternative construc- 1 tion. Figs. 8 to 13 show further details of 4 construction hereinafter referred to.

The same letters and numerals of reference are employed to denote the same parts in all the views.

a shows a guide-bar, which in the instrui ment shown is T-shaped in cross-section, the l portion b being provided with screw-holes c, I which serve the purpose of screwing the bar onto the side of a drawing-board or the like. i The portion a has V-grooves d in each edge thereof.

e is a platform or plate carryin a center upright post f. This plate or plat 'orm a has attached to its under surface two pieces 9, comin on each side of the V-grooves of the guidear a. This may be suitably shaped to take into the said V-grooves d, or, as in the case of theinstrument shownin the drawings, they may constitute chambers provided with. balls 71, such balls projecting through grooves in the sides of the chambers, so that two ballraces are formed, one on each s de of the uide-bar a, which is therefore enabled to slide ongitudinally with great facility. The construction of this part will be clearly understood from Figs. 8, 9, and 10, and it will be observed that in the case of the instrument therein represented the balls h are placed in a channel forming a continuous ball-race in the chambers forming the side pieces g. The side pieces of chambers g are secured to the under side of the platform e by means of screws 7c. One of the chambers g is provided with other screws m. The heads of these screws m are mounted eccentrically, so that by rotating the screws the piece 9 is brought nearer to or farther from the edge of the guide-bar a. in order to enable the piece 9 to be adjusted in order to allow for wear. These screws m are shown in Fi s. 11 and 12. a is a blade somewhat resemb ing the blade of an ordinary T-square. This blade at in the case of the instrument shown is attached to a plate 1), which turns u )on the upright or postf, attached to the pl atform e. The upright f is provided with a screw-hole and with a screwthread on the outside. I prefer to have the screw-thread on the outside left-handed. r is a handle screwing on the outer thread of the upright post f. When this handle is screwed down, the blade n is locked in any required position, owing to the plate p being forced down upon the late or platform 6.

s is a screw provided with a milled head t. This screw 8 screws into the screw-hole inside the post or upright f and on account of its pressure upon the (guidebar a locks the plate 6 at any require position along the said guide-bar a.

a is a toothed disk fixed to the upright This disk u gears with a pinion 2, mounted 1n the late 13. This pinion z carries a disk 1. In the case of the instrument shown in the drawings the gear is so constructed that the disk 1 makes a complete revolution when the toothed disk 11., and conse uently the blade n, makes a quarter of a revo ution. A suitable scale from 0 to 90 is marked upon the surface of the disk 1, and a pointer 2 is attached to the plate p to enable the angle to be read. The surface of the guide-bar a. is provided with suitable graduations, and 3 is a double pointer attached to the plate 6 for enabling such plate to be accurately adjusted in any position on the guide-bar a.

4 is astop, of which there are two, one on assist each end of the guide-bar e at the back, into contact with which the ends of the side piece g come, thus preventin the plate 6 from slidin entirely off the guir e-bar a.

he guide-bar a may in some cases be revided with a long dovetailed slot exten ing, if desired, the entire length of the said her. into this slot scales variously graduated may he slid, and the raduations on such scales may be read wit facility by means fifths pointer 3. inserted into the guide-bar a i or this purpose.

6 is a thumhpiece attached to the face of the plate 3) to facilitate manipulation.

7 is a long strip of serrated metal attached to the upper edge of the blade 71. This strip may be suitably graduated to determine the position of the teeth along the serrated edge. Under the blade n is a strip 8. This strip 8 is pivoted at 9 to a platelO at the end of the blade 71 by means of a screw-pivot provided with a fly-nut 11. The plate 10 may be provided with graduations for determining angles.

12 is a handle by means of which the strip 8 may be conveniently turned into any required position.

13 is a pointer carried on the handle 12 for indicatin the position of the strip 8. The other en of the strip 8 from the pivot 10 is provided with a metal stri 14, which takes under a catch 15 to hold t 1e strip 8 in position when beneath the blade n. This catch 15 is closed toward the inner side to prevent the strip 8 passing right through. These details may be seen in Figs. 2 and 3, Fig. 3 being inverted to more clearly show the details.

It Will be observed that the strip 8 when in position under the blade 74. projects slightly eyond the teeth upon the edge of the serrated strip 7 in order to enable lines to be drawn. The edge of the strip 8 may, if desired, be provided with a scale.

16 is a dovetail groove along the surface of the blade 12-, in which slides a piece carrying a plate 1?. This plate 17 is provided with markings for determining angles and with in dentations 18 for the purpose hereinafter mentioned. Instead of the flat plate 17, as shown at Fl f. l, I may have a plate 19. (Shown clearly at Figs. 6 and 1 This plate is bent at right angles, so as to bring the portion 20 onto the level of the paper or the like on which the drawing is being done, and in this case the markings For determining the angles are provided on the portion 20.

21 is a steel strip attached to the plate 17 or 20 by means of a screw in attached to the plate 17 or 20, furnisher with a nut and rovided on its upper surface with. a suite ile scale. .23 is another steel strip, likewise provided with graduations and attached to the strip 21 by means of a screw-pin and nut 24. At the bottom of this screw-pin 24 or on the strip under same is a point 25 for use when it is required to strike circles by means of the piece 23. The piece 23 may be provided with any suitable number of holes 26, throu h which the point of a pencilrnay be place when it is required to draw circles.

2? is a catch for taking over the piece 23 when it is turned back over the piece 21. The piece 21 is provided with a suitable pointer 28 to enable the angles to be easily read, In Fig. 13 is shown a scale 5 being 29 is a projection on the under surface of the strip 21 for taking into oi the indentations 18 on the plate I? or 20 for arresting the strip 21 at intervalssay ten degrees apart.

30 is a slot through the blade 12., and 31 is a similar slot through the strip 8. The slot 31 comes exactly beneath the slot 30 when the strip 8 is in position beneath the blade a.

In considering the action of an instrument of the class described it will be sufficient to explain some of the less obvious functions of the apparatus, since its uses are various that it would be impossible to give an ex haustive account of them. By loosening the handle r the blade a may be turned about the postf into any position with regard to the perpendiculari. a, with the guidebar a and looked in any required angle, as determined by the graduations on the disk 1, indicated by means of the pointer 2, and it may be locked in the position thus determined by again tightening the handle 9. By loosenin the screw .9 the plate e may he slid up and down the guide-bar a, and the blade n can be bronghtto any required position without altering the angle formed by the blade with the said guide-bar a. By again tightening the screw 8 the plate 6 is secured in any required position on the said guide-bar. A series of vertical parallel lines may be drawn by loos ening the screw .9, placing the pencil in any one of the serrations at the edge of the strip 2, and sliding the plate 6 up and down the guidebar a. By means of the slot 30 the operator is enabled to arrive at a vanishingpoint with rest facility. To do this, the screw .9 and t is handle 1 are loosened, so that the plate 6 can slide up and down the uidebar a. A pin is passed through the s 0t 30 into the drawing-board, and by means of the left hand the plate e is slid up and down. The lines then drawn can be made to converge to the required point.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States of America, ise 1. In a device of the character described, the combination with a drawing-board, of a guide-bar attached to said board, a traveler mounted. on said bar, an arm attached to said traveler and extending at right angles to said guide bar, said arm having a longitudinal slot therein, a second traveler mounted in said slot, and arms pivotally connected to said second traveler, substantially as described.

2. In a device of the character described, the combination with a guide-bar, of a traveler attached to said bar, an arm. attached to said traveler and provided with a longitudinal slot, a plate slidably mounted in said. slot and. one or more arms pivotally mounted on said plate and cooperating with said firstnamed arm, substantially as described.

3. In a device of the character described, a guidebar, a traveler slidably mounted on said bar, an arm connected to said traveler, means whereby said arm may be fixed at any desired angle, means for registering the an gle, and an arm pivotally mounted on the under side of said first-named arm and normally held in place by a clip, substantially as described.

4. In a device of the character described, a guide-b ar, a traveler mounted on said guidebar, an arm carried by said traveler, a second fixed at any desired angle, substantially as arm pivotally mounted on the under side of i said first-named arm and normally held by a clip carried by said arm, and means carried by said first-named arm for registering the an le of said second-named arm, substantia ly as described.

5. In a device of the character described, a guide-bar, a traveler slidably mounted on said guide-bar, comprising a base-plate,

frames attached to the under side of said baseplate and provided With antifrictionrollers embracing said guide-bar, a pivotplate, an arm attached to said pivot-plate, and an upwardly-extending shank integral with said base-plate and extending throu h said pivot-plate whereby said arm may% described.

6. In a device of the character described, a guide-bar, a traveler slidably mounted on said guide-bar comprising a base-plate, a pivot-plate, an upwardly-extending hollow shank integral with said base-plate and extending throu b said pivot-plate, said shank being internal y threaded and having screwthreads formed on. its outer face adjacent its upper end, a handle having an internallythreaded portion adapted to screw upon said shank to lock said pivot-plate, and a thumbscrew having a milled head, said thumbscrew being adapted to en age within the threaded bore of said shant and lock said traveler upon said guide-bar, substantially as described.

7. In a device of the character described, a guide-bar, a traveler slidably mounted on said guide-bar, comprising a base-plate, a pivot-plate, an upwardly-extending shank integral with said base-plate and extendin through said pivot-plate, a gear-whee mounted on said shank and a registering disk carrying a pinion loosely mounted on said pivot-pIate, said pinion being meshed with said gear-wheel whereby when said pivot-plate is moved to a desired angle the de ree of said angle may be read, substantiaIly as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

SIDNEY HERBERT DONA LDSON.

Witnesses:

H. D. JAMESON, A. NUTTINGV

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