US8265842B2 - Electronic locking differential - Google Patents
Electronic locking differential Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8265842B2 US8265842B2 US12/507,903 US50790309A US8265842B2 US 8265842 B2 US8265842 B2 US 8265842B2 US 50790309 A US50790309 A US 50790309A US 8265842 B2 US8265842 B2 US 8265842B2
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- clutch
- speed
- vehicle
- differential
- angle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H48/00—Differential gearings
- F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
- F16H48/30—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using externally-actuatable means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
- B60K23/04—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H48/00—Differential gearings
- F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
- F16H2048/204—Control of arrangements for suppressing differential actions
- F16H2048/205—Control of arrangements for suppressing differential actions using the steering as a control parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H48/00—Differential gearings
- F16H48/20—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices
- F16H48/24—Arrangements for suppressing or influencing the differential action, e.g. locking devices using positive clutches or brakes
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to a differential mechanism, which transmits rotating power to the wheels of a motor vehicle.
- a locker clutch can be used in a differential mechanism to secure one of the side gears and its axle shaft against rotation relative to the differential carrier, thereby enhancing traction of the driven wheels that are supplied with power through the differential.
- an electronic locking differential When actuated, an electronic locking differential (ELD) mechanically connects a side gear to the differential case using an electrically-controlled lock mechanism, typically a dog clutch.
- ELD electronic locking differential
- the electronic locking differential prevents relative speed differentials across the controlled wheels and transmits full engine combustion torque amplified by the transmission and axles torque ratios and reduced by efficiency and rotational losses, to the controlled wheels.
- AIT axle/transaxle input torque
- the torque delta is a function of coefficient of friction surface, tire surface area turning radius and maximum gross vehicle weight.
- a method for controlling a clutch of an electronic locking differential for a vehicle includes determining either that the speed of the vehicle is greater than a reference speed or that a desired state of the clutch is a disengaged state, determining that an angular displacement of a steering wheel from a centered position is less than a first reference angle, and disengaging the clutch.
- the control (i) reduces cumulate damage on the ELD locking mechanism, (ii) accommodates torsional displacement of the lock mechanism of an ELD due to control wheel differential speed and (iii) enables rapid, controlled disengagement of the lock mechanism when conditions for its disengagement are present.
- the strategy accounts for differential speed across the driven wheels, steering wheel angle, vehicle speed and the state of a manually operated switch used to select a desired state of the lock mechanism and differential.
- FIG. 1 is a cross section of an electronic locking differential assembly
- FIG. 2 is perspective side view of the cross sectional of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the differential assembly of FIG. 1 showing the differential case, side gear and locking ring spaced mutually;
- FIG. 4 is logic diagram of a strategy for controlling the state of the ELD clutch.
- an electronically controlled differential mechanism 8 includes a differential case 10 arranged concentrically about an axis 12 ; ramps 16 , 18 ; side gear 22 ; electric power source 24 , locking ring 26 , electronic controller 28 , and electromagnetic coil 30 .
- Ramps 16 , formed on the locking ring, and ramps 18 , formed on the differential case 10 are angularly spaced at three or four locations about axis 12 such that each of the ramps 16 is aligned angularly with one of the ramps 18 .
- Locking ring 26 is formed with angularly spaced posts 27 , each post extending axially through a hole in a web 31 formed in case 10 , thereby continually engaging the case 10 and the locking ring 26 for rotation as a unit, but permitting the ring to move axially independently of the case.
- Locking ring 26 is formed also with angularly spaced legs 32 , each leg 32 being formed with two ramps 16 , and clutch teeth 34 .
- side gear 22 is formed with clutch teeth 36 .
- the teeth 34 , 36 of locking ring 26 and side gear 22 together comprise a clutch 38 , which is actuated by coil 30 to engage the teeth 34 , 36 mutually producing a drive connection between side gear 22 and locking ring 26 .
- coil 30 is deactivated, teeth 34 , 36 disengage and permit side gear 22 and locking ring to rotate independently.
- the aligned ramps 16 , 18 become mutually engaged when clutch 38 is engaging and engaged.
- FIGS. 1-3 Many of these components of FIGS. 1-3 are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 7,399,248, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the electromagnetic coil 30 forces the locking ring 26 along axis 12 axially into mesh with the side gear 22 , thereby mechanically linking the side gear to the differential case 10 and preventing differential speed between vehicle wheels, which are driveably connected through side gear 22 and another side gear (not shown) located at the opposite side of a the differential 8 from the side shown in FIGS. 1-3 .
- the controller 28 stops the current flow from the electric power source 24 to the electromagnetic coil 30 .
- a return spring 40 pushes the lock ring 26 with a force, which radially twists the lock ring 26 as it moves axially down the ramp 18 , forcing the locking ring out of engagement with the side gear 22 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the dog clutch 38 whose engagement grounds the side gear 22 to the differential case 12 through locking ring 26 , cannot disengage while the vehicle is in a dynamic maneuver that would otherwise cause a speed differential between the driven wheels.
- the speed of the driven wheels must either be equal, such as when the vehicle is traveling straight, or the relative direction of the wheel speed must change, as when the vehicle turns, thereby unloading the dog clutch 38 .
- the return spring 40 must overcome the friction force between the locking ring 26 and differential case 10 multiplied by the cosine of the ramp angle ⁇ .
- the ELD clutch 38 is electronically controlled either through a dash mounted manually-activated button 72 or passively through controller 28 .
- the control strategy allows ELD activation and deactivation based upon calibrateable parameters including vehicle speed (VS), differential speed (WS) between the driven wheels and steering wheel angle (SWA).
- Controller 28 receives electronic signals representing vehicle speed 60 , speed 62 of the wheels 64 driven by differential 8 , the angular displacement 66 of the steering wheel 68 from a centered position, and the engaged and disengaged state 70 of a switch 72 , which state is manually-selected and indicates the desired state of clutch 52 .
- a strategy for controlling the state of clutch 38 is illustrated in the logic flow diagram of FIG. 3 , which begins with lock mechanism clutch 52 engaged. At step 80 a test is made to determine whether the current vehicle speed is greater than a reference vehicle speed. If the result of test 80 is logically false, at step 86 a test is made to determine whether switch 72 is disengaged. If the result of test 86 is false, control returns to step 80 .
- control passes to step 88 . If the result of test 80 is true, i.e., positive or high, control also advances to step 88 .
- step 88 a test is made to determine whether the angle 66 of steering wheel 68 is greater than a reference angle from the centered position of the steering wheel for the length of a second reference period. If the result of test 88 is false, control advances to step 84 , where the clutch 38 is disengaged by deenergizing coil 30 and the control ends.
- a timer is set to a reference countdown period length.
- the length of the countdown period is preferably a function of vehicle speed and vehicle gross weight.
- a test is made to determine whether the angle 66 of steering wheel 68 is less than a reference angle from the centered position of the steering wheel.
- step 94 the timer is allowed to expire, thereby providing time for the axle shaft that is connected to side gear 22 to unwind torsionally.
- step 96 clutch 38 is disengaged by deenergizing coil 30 , and the control ends.
- step 98 a test is made to determine whether switch 72 is disengaged. If the result of test 98 is true, control returns to step 90 . If the result of test 98 is false, control returns to step 80 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
- Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/507,903 US8265842B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2009-07-23 | Electronic locking differential |
CN201010187050.7A CN101963221B (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-05-26 | Method for controlling clutch of electronic locking differential for vehicle |
DE102010030631.2A DE102010030631B4 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-06-29 | Method for controlling an electronic limited slip differential clutch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/507,903 US8265842B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2009-07-23 | Electronic locking differential |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110022279A1 US20110022279A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
US8265842B2 true US8265842B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
Family
ID=43384144
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/507,903 Active 2030-09-05 US8265842B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2009-07-23 | Electronic locking differential |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8265842B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101963221B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010030631B4 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190135289A1 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electronic locking differential |
US20190136952A1 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electronic locking differential |
US11378168B2 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2022-07-05 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Direct acting electronic locking differential |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012206010A1 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method for controlling motor vehicle, involves calculating motion model of vehicle based on control requirement of driver of motor vehicle, where lateral movement parameter of vehicle is measured |
CN104071001A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-01 | 诸城福田汽车科技开发有限公司 | Differential lock control method, differential lock control system and differential lock assembly |
SE539607C2 (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2017-10-17 | Dsensed Tech Ab | A method and system for controlling the stability and response of a vehicle |
CN108263208B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2020-01-03 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Locking device, power assembly, power transmission system and vehicle |
CN114198478B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-09-22 | 三一专用汽车有限责任公司 | Differential lock control method, controller thereof and engineering vehicle |
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US5332059A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1994-07-26 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Control system for a differential of a motor vehicle |
US5582263A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1996-12-10 | New Venture Gear, Inc. | Full-time four wheel drive transfer case |
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US5853342A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 1998-12-29 | New Venture Gear, Inc. | Offset transfer case |
US5996719A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1999-12-07 | New Holland North America, Inc. | Control system for a selectable four-wheel drive transmission |
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US20030218378A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-11-27 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle dynamics control system |
US6755763B1 (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-06-29 | Ntn Corporation | Vehicle driveline system with electronically controlled roller clutch assembly |
US20040267427A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-12-30 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Vehicle dynamics control apparatus |
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2009
- 2009-07-23 US US12/507,903 patent/US8265842B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-05-26 CN CN201010187050.7A patent/CN101963221B/en active Active
- 2010-06-29 DE DE102010030631.2A patent/DE102010030631B4/en active Active
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US5582263A (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1996-12-10 | New Venture Gear, Inc. | Full-time four wheel drive transfer case |
US5742917A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1998-04-21 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Driving torque distribution control system for vehicle and the method thereof |
US5996719A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1999-12-07 | New Holland North America, Inc. | Control system for a selectable four-wheel drive transmission |
US5853342A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 1998-12-29 | New Venture Gear, Inc. | Offset transfer case |
US6083134A (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2000-07-04 | Eaton Corporation | Electronically actuated locking differential |
US6551209B2 (en) | 2000-01-18 | 2003-04-22 | Eaton Corporation | Electronically actuated locking differential |
US20020155913A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-24 | Tochigi Fuji Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Differential gear mechanism |
US6945895B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2005-09-20 | Tochigi Fuji Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Differential gear mechanism |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190135289A1 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electronic locking differential |
US20190136952A1 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electronic locking differential |
US10451161B2 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-10-22 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electronic locking differential |
US10501082B2 (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-12-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Electronic locking differential |
US11378168B2 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2022-07-05 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Direct acting electronic locking differential |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110022279A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
CN101963221A (en) | 2011-02-02 |
CN101963221B (en) | 2015-01-21 |
DE102010030631B4 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
DE102010030631A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
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