US822873A - Process of coating one metal with another and the resulting product. - Google Patents

Description

No. 822,873 PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906.

S H. THURSTON PROCESS OF COATING SHE METAL WITH ANOTHER AND THE RESULTING PRODUGT.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL H. THURSTON, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS 0F COATING ONE METAL WlTll ANOTHEit AND THE RESULTlNG PRODUCT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J mm B, 1906.

Application filed April 1, 1905. Burl-1 In. 253.260.

mgIs his invention relates to a process of costmg one metal with another and the resulting product; and the objects of the invention are to obtain an electrodeposit or coating which:

will not eel from the surface of the metal 11 on which the coating is made, but which a horse firmly thereto.

The invention consists of the process and product for "carrying out the above oeiectls, and suitable a paratus for carrying out the first steps of tlie process is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on the line a: x of Fig. 2, and F' 2 is a transverse sectional elevation on the e y y of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an edge view of a plate, illustrating graphically the beaten layer of metal pro need in the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is an ed eviewofthe same plate, illustrating graphics ly the completed product after the electrodeposited coating as been applied to the beaten coatng.

The apparatus illustrated in the drawings is substantially like that disclosed in the patent granted to me November 13, 1900, No. 661,650, and in accordance with the present invention the metal to be coated 1s first treated in the manner described in said patent.

In accordance with this invention, therefore, the metal to be coated is first given an amorphous, inherent, adherent coherent, and permanent coating of the desired meta In the production of said coating the "particles of t e coating metal are driven into and incorporated with themetal being coated by beating theirb into and beneath the surface thereo by ans of the apparatus shown in the drawings. 1

The first step of this invention consists in cleanm the metal to be coated, so that substantia y nothing remains upon its surface" which is not homogeneous withthe metal- 1tsel1'. Acids, alkahes, or'oxids, grease, and anything which prevents the coat metal from comin in absolute contact with the molecules 0 the metal to be united injures the resulting product. The surface should be free from moisture, and preferably for the most perfect and permanent result the surfacesshould be dried by heat. No air can remain between the particles of the coating and the coated metal, and u n this depends the eficiency of the result. mportant when the metal to be coated is an easily exidizable one, such as iron, steel, &c.

The next step in the process consists in impacting the coating metal into and u n the surfaces to be coated bysystematicall beating the coating metal against the meta being coated, which is firmly held to receive the ifi'pacting blows of the boaters. Any suita e a paratus may be used for this p ose, that ustrated in the drawings having ecn satisfactory.

forward either by hand or by the usual recip-- rocatoiy table movement, as in planing-machines, in which case the plate is fastened to the table. The table is rovided with a raised portion E; arra beneath the revolving vibratingbeaters F. The vibrating boaters F are formed of wires, as shown in this instance, twisted about the rods G, car ried by the disks H, connected to the shaft I which in turn is rovided with the pulle i and K connec to be driven from the 'vingipulley L, carried upon the shaft 0. V e pate D is placed upon the curved raised portion of the table ,and the revolution is especially of the beating apparatus causes the wire 7 boaters F to strike with force u n the surface of the plate. The degree 0 force vanes as the distance from the surface of the late isiwergreater. Thisdistanceisre ated by t the adjusting-screws P toralse or lower the earing's for the shaft I.

When the iron or steel late D is bcmg coated with co per, for instance, the WIN heaters F areo copg zhin whole-0r 1n Of course the ends w beat upon the E011 plate must be of copggr. in the action of t apfiratus described the metallic heaters, er ting-rods, first serve to mechanically clean the surface. Then the particles from or heaters are driven, and pro metal on the surface,

. the electrode osit.

jected into and onto the said plate and incorporated with its surface and form a coating of which is adherent thereto. This coating is practically incorporated with the particles or molecules of the plate, and the adherence is such that the coating cannot be removed from said plate mechanically without removing the particles of the plate also.

The next step in this present process is to suitably electrodeposit a coating of the de-' sired metal upon the inherent, adherent, coherent, and permanent coating which has been applied to the surface of the metal by the means described. The treatment of the metal surface and application of the coating by beating one metal into and upon another produces what may be termed an "anchorage for the electrodeposited coating. The beating in and rubbing on of the metallic coating forms a surface that is receptive to In Fig. 3, D represents U represents the beaten coating. In Fig. 4 the electrodeposited la er V is shown on top of the beaten coating If, for instance, copper is the metal which has been beaten into and u on the surface, it will be found to stick firmly, and an additional copper coatin electrodeposited also adheres firml In t e operation of beating one meta into and upon the other the beatingarms, or heaters, not only beat in the metal, but, as will be seen from the drawings, they drag across the plate and rub the surface, thus de ositin more of the metallic coating upon t e su ace and making the surface more homogeneous. A ain is thus first formed on the surface, an then the particles are united and smoothed down.

According to this invention co per maybe electrodeposited on copper, nic el may be electrodepositcd on cop .r, nickel may be electrodeposited on nic '01, silver may be electrodeposited on gold, and gold may be electrodeposited on silver. Iron may be given a coating of gold or silver, andin any of the processes described the base or plate upon which the coating is deposited may be steel or iron. The sheet-metal base or metal upon whigh the coating is deposited may also be any other suitable metal-as, for instance, aluminium or nickel. The co per may be beaten into and upon the a uminium or nickel and then nickel or copper may be electrodeposited to form the outer coating. In any of these cases the final coating electrodeposited forms practically a art of the plate itself and cannot be remove therefrom without removing a portion of, the body of the plate.

A great man different combinations of metals can be 0 tained, andl have only referred to a few as examples. Heretofore it has not been possible to coat aluminium upon iron or steel practically or to coat aluthe plate, an

scribed 0 minium with another metal=as, for instance, to provide a coating of copper or nickel upon aluminium. No satisfactory economical process is known, but according to this invention any one of these desired objects may be carried out.

According to this invention the electrodeposit ma be formed upon more of the same meta or different metal and homog eneously united with the anchorage coating.

herefore the outer electrodeposit is incor orated with the surface of the late treated.

f desired, the sheets ma be re led after the first coating has been eaten upon them. This rolling makes a smooth surface, and then the electrodeposit may be made upon said smooth-rolled surface.

All electrodeposits of iron and steel scale or flake off on bending or pressing the coated sheets; but in accordance with this invention the sheet of metal provided with an electrodeposited coating may be twisted, bent, or compressed and shaped in any desired form or manner without cracking or scaling or flaking the outer coating of metal.

After one coat of metal, as copper, has been beaten upon the plate and a coatin of metal electro-deposited thereon anot er coating of a different kind of metal from the last may be beaten upon the electrodeposited coating and a second electrodeposit made upon that, and so on indefinitely, one coat superimposed upon another, always starting with the anchorage coating.

Obviously this invention may be carried out inmany different kinds of a paratus, and the steps of the process may be varied without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Without enumerating equivalents, therefore, I claim, and desire to obtain by Letters Patent, the followin 1. The process siiiistantially as herein described of coating one metal with another,

which consists in first forcibly beating one metal into and u on the other systematically and continuously until the particles, or molecules, of the coating meta are driven into the metal bein coated and incorporated with the partic es at and beneath the surface of the same, thereby forming an adherent and coherent permanent coating irremova ly united with the metal being coated, and then forming an electrodeposit of metal upon said coating. 2

2. Thefprocess substantially as herein de coating one metal with another, which consists in first producing an anchorage coatingbupon the surface of the metal to be coated, y beating and rubbing the plate and then forming an electrodeposit of metal upon said anchorage coating.

3. The process substantiall as herein described, o coatin one meta withanother, which consists in t forming upon the plate tobe coated, a surface which is receptive to an eleetrodeposit of metal and then forming an electrodeposit ofythe desired metal 11 on said receaptfi'e surface, whereb the e ectrodeposit [coating ismcorpora with the surface of the we treated.

4. The hereinascribed product consisting of asheet or plate, of one metal whose surface partic es are commingled with particles of another coating metal, the coat f metal being driven into'the body metal, an

the two metals bein 'inco rated together at on and beneath t e s ace of the body metal, and forming a; union the-one with the the said inherent adherent, and coherent 2o coating. e

E1 testimonywhereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribingm'tnesses.

c SAMUEL H. THURSTON.

Witnesses:

HELEN L. OBEBTEUFFEB A. L. OBamN.

Images