US822826A - Safety-reservoir for explosive fluids. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906-.

No. 822,826, E

c. J. COLEMAN.

SAFETY RESERVOIR EOE EXPLosIvE ELUIDS.

` APLIOATION ILED APR. 28. 1905.

f. 0 Vg UNITED STATES 'PATENT OFFICE.

OLYDE J. COLEMAN, OF ROCKAWAY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR 'IO CONRAD HUBERT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented June 5, 1906.

Application filed April Z8, 1.90@- Serial No. 257,853'.

My invention relates to a safe source of explosive fluid; andit consists in means for safely storing anexplosive'fluid, such as a gas, which is explosive by deton'ation, inflammation, or other causes. My invention relates more particularly, however, to a safe source of that gas known as acetylene, which has many highly useful applications limited only by its critical liability to violent explosion either by detonation or inammation. I

It is well known that acetylene andother gases can be stored in a `liquefied state inq strong reservoirs andwith great compact- -ness-that it to say, -in a very large quantity per unit of reservoir-space-but in the case of acetylene this practice is prohibitively hazardous, since the liquid acet lene is nearly as explosive as nitroglycerin lliy detonation or impact, and, further, is violently explosive by inflammation. It is also well known that acetylene can be dissolved in a liquid solvent, such as acetone, and may thus be stored in solution and with safety up to av certain quantitative limit of acet lene per unit` of acetone; but when this 'safe 'mit is exceeded the solution becomes violently explosive, the solvent itself being decomposed by the ex losion ofthe dissolved acetylene, soas to ad to the explosion and its disruptive effects, and thus the acetone itself becomes a source of danger rather than of safety. As the dissolved gas is drawn off" from its solvent sniall portions of the solvent are entrained in the gas and constitute an undesirable impurity, besides interfering with the operation of controllingvalves and other regulating devices often forming part of the apparatus in which the gas isv utilized. Afterthe liquid solvent has,

eencharged with gas in solution the volume or quantity of the 'liquid solutioni is much greater than. the initial volume o1' q'uantity of which holds it.

the li uid solvent, and in order to allow for this di atation such initial volume of the liquid solvent'must be considerabl less than the total containing volume o the reservoir Thus is introduced within the reservoir a very considerable free space wherein highly-explosive free gas accumulatesat all times when the reservoir is not charged to its maximum capacity.

It is one object of my invention to entirely overcome theforegoing serious dangers and disadvantages entailed by the means heretofore yprovided for the storage of explosive fluids, such as acetylene.

It is an`object of m invention to safely conserve explosive flui s, particularly acetylene, in. large quantities per unit of reservoirspace approaching near to the quantities Whichcan be conserved in free liquid form and far exceeding the quantities which can be safely conserved per unit of 'reservoirspace when the gas is held free or held in' solution in a liquid solvent.

To the foregoing ends my invention consists in apparatus for the a plication of an important discovery which have made. I have discovered that a highl -ex losive iluid, such as aceylene gas, can e a sorbed and concentrate in an interstitial, porous, or cellular mass vof -solid material, and that the explosive fluid can be safely conserved in nonexplosive condition when thus absorbed and concentrated, providing the interstitial pores,

cells, or spaces formed by the interstitial structure of the mass and adapted to receive the explosive fluid or element are not greater than a certain critical ma nitude which is the limit of immunity to exp osion. The actual substance of material per se of the interstitial mass of solid material may inherently exert a concentrative influence over the explosive Huid, and I have discovered that interstitial masses of certain kinds of carbon will thus safely conserve extraordinary quantities of VIOO ,present appears to be its best embodiment v the interstltial cellular, or porous structure of the mass of solid material exerting concentrative influence upon the explosive iiuid is attained partly by the corganization of a large number of minute particles of such solid material in a closely-associated or forcibly-impacted mass forming many minute interstitial pores, cells, or spaces between the closely-associated individual particles. By this means alone a porous, interstitial, or cellular structure of the mass is attained., and when the charcoal of. the cocoanut-shell is employed as material .each separate particle contains minute cells, pores, or interstices of its own, thus addinor to the total porosity or interstitial space of the mass as a whole. The native structure of the cocoanut-shell is minutely cellular or porous, and I believe it is due largely to this inherent characteristic that the charcoal of the cocoanut-shell has given the best results which I have so far attained by my invention.

The interstitial mass of solid materialfor example, the mass of fine particles of -cocoanut charcoal-exerting "concentrative mjiuence on the fluid, is preferably introduced int'o the interior of a strong Huid-tight' .by as alone Without the interstitial mass of soli material which exerts a concentrative lnuence on the gas. This phenomenon. 1s the most marked at low pressures. For 1nstance, at atmospheric pressure the reservoir Will hold about fifteen times its total containmg capacity for free gas in the absence of the so 1d concentrative material. Of course the gas enters freely into the interstitial pores, v

that the explosive flui or gas is highly concentrated by iniiuence of some -inherent attribute of the solid material of the interstitial mass. For instance, as' a likely hypothesis, the substance or material of the interstitial mass possesses some kind of absorptive aflinity for the explosive fluid or' gas, which causes such lui to be actually taken up in lar e concentrated quantities into the solid wa ls of the minute interstices of the mass, lbeing thus literally incorporated about one an walls in a thin concentrated film of far greater density than is attainable merely by the fluid-pressure at which the gas is introduced into the reservoir. The higher the charging pressure which is em loyed the reater will be the quantity o explosive uid taken into the reservoir, and, as a converse of the statement already set forth in this paragraph, it may be noted that with a given total content of explosive fluid in the reservoir the pressure thereof will be very much lower than if the fluid-concentrating interstitial mass Were absent.

At. ordinary temperatures the reservoir may be safelycharged with two hundred or more volumes of acetylene-that is to say, two hundred or more times the actual quantity or weight of acetylene which the reser-A volr would contain at the same temperature and at atmospheric pressure and in the absence of the protective fluid-concentrative interstitial mass of solid material-this safe reservoir capacity bein about one hundred times the maximum sa e capacity of a reservoir of the same size employed to conserve free acetylene as in a compressed state and (l one-half to two times the maximum safe capacity of such a reservoir employed t9 hold the acetylene in solution in acetone, and such' safe capacity of the reservoir embodying my present invention is about fifty percenta e of the total amount of acetylene which could be held, although with great-hazard, in liquid form in a tank of the same cubic capacity not containing the protective interstitial mass of my invention. After my reservoir has been thus charged it may be handled, hammered, and thrown about with absolute immunity from explosion by detonation, mechanical shock, impact, molecular vibration, or any similar .cause and is equally free from liability to explosion by inflammation or high temlperature at any local point in the reservoir. ndeed, I- have demonstrated that even if a local explosion should be in any. way produced in the free gas occuplylfingl the smal free space of a charging and 'scharging duct leading to the reservoir such explosion would be confined to such local free space, and its heat and detonative force, shock, -or impact would be absorbed or cushioned or otherwise prevented from propagating a general explosion by those ortionsof the, interstitial mass of solid material immediately exposed to.. the free space, the explosion being not transmitted throughout the reservoir generally and the IOO IIO

reservoir of my invention is a most vitalseasze' rise in pressure due to such local explosion not bein sufficient to rupture the reservoir.

In or er to attain in the hi hest possible degree the non-transmission of heat from a local point throughout the interstitial mass generally, the mass should be a poor conductor or transmitting medium for heat.

,By an exhaustive series of tests I have learned that the immunity from' explosion accomplished by my invention can only be attained by limitation ofv the interstitial spaces, cells, and pores to magnitudes below the explosive limit, and my tests have established the fact that the explosive limit of interstitial magnitudes decreases as the total reservoir content of explosive fluid increases, so that a reservoir designed for a'maximum safe capacity of two hundred volumes must have smallerinterstices than a reservoir designed to safely conserve a maximum content of one hundred and fifty volumes. 4 My tests have shown that when a maximum of eighteen to two hundred volumes is to be stored and when charcoal of the cocoanutshell is employed the interstitial spaces may 'be brought well below the explosive limit and' well within the limit of safety if the charcoal. is ground so finely that it will pass through a screen of sixty or seventy mesh and if such ground charcoal i-s closely and forcibly compressed' or impacted within the reservoir. My tests have also shown that with the same grade of charcoal and .forcibly-effected firm impactment of the particles a mesh of ninety or one hundred will bring the interstitial magnitudes Well within the safe limit for storage of about two hundred to two hundred and-twenty-five volumes as a maximum reservoir content. Such limitation to non-explosivemagnitudes of the interstitial spaces of the mass ofsolid material contained in the l structural feature and necessity. I have -main'tain 'the close association of found that the mere presence of an interstitial mass of solid material is of -no avail whatever to prevent explosions unless the magnitudes of its interstitial spaces are thus regulated and determined-that is to say, unless the interstitial spaces are limited to non-explosive magnitudes. When the interstitial spaces are greater than the critical limit of safety with a given reservoir content the acetylene contained in the reservoir is violently explosive either by detonative shock or by inflaming temperatures.

the interstitial mass is not Aonly of great importance as a means of reducing the ma nitudes of the fluidcontaining interstltial space'sjbutlisralso of great importance to i l articles with suflicientrigi-dity to effeetualljy resist any dissociativforce or shock which might' atsome local point tend to separate the parl small ratio to the super 'cial area of its interstitial walls that the amounts of heat and detonative shock liberated and developed by explosion of the fluid in a single interstiee are negligible quantities which are effectually absorbed, retarded, arrested, or cushioned Without transmission to the adjoining interstices in a measure sufficient to explode the fluid contained by them. This theory is nicely compatible -with the experimental finding that the limit of safe interstitial magnitudes decreasesas the total reservoir content of explosive fluid increases, since aeeording to this theory the increase of total fluid content above .the safe limit with given interstitial magnitudes would` incur liability to explosion merely by increasing the fluid contents and theindividual explosive powers of the interstices beyond the shock and heat absorbing or arresting capability of their interstitial walls, and this increase of explosive powers of the individual interstices relative -to arrestive powers of their walls could be compensated simply by decreasing the ratios of the interstitial fluid-containing volumes to their interstitial wall-surfaces, such ratios being, generally speaking, proportionate to the linear dimensions of the interstices. Upon the foregoing theory the non-explosive magnitude of an interstiee might be defined as any magnitude affording a ratio of superficial wall area to cubic volume sufficiently great to effectually retard, arrest, or absorb the heat or detonation resulting from explosion of the fluid contained in the interstiee, When the interstitial mass is made up of minute separate particles, other things being equal, this heat -and detonation arrestive or heat and detonation absorptive ratio of superficial area to cubic volume of the interstiee will vary inversely as the mesh or the linear dimensions of the separate particles of solid material, or will vary inversely as the linear dimensions or diameters of the interstices themselves, since the superficial areas of the A forcible impactment of the particles of it is only the maximum interstices which must belir'nited to non-"explosive magnitudes,

III

there being no objection,but, on the contrary, 'considerable advantage, "as `indieated1 hereinbefore, in' having many very minute pores, cells,t or interstices in the body 'or rstrcture of eaeh'separate granule orparti'e'lev of solid material, such pores, cells, or interstices in the granules themselves being generally much smaller than the interstitial lspaces intervening between adjacent granules or particles.

As my reservoir is charged with explosive fiuid the {luid-pressure therein increases until the maximum safe capacity of the reservoir is reached. The reservoir may then be sealed by a suitable valve or cock and the explosive fiuid may be conserved therein for an indefinite period. When it is desired to use the explosive fluid, the valve is opened and the reservoir gives off the explosive fluid until the fluid-pressure in the reservoir is reduced to any desired value-for instance, atmospheric pressure-and during such reduction of fluid-pressure the reservoir gives back all the explosive fluid which it originally received at pressures above such-terminal pressure of discharge-for instance, atmospheric pressure.

Although my reservoir when not charged beyond its safe capacity cannot be exploded by detonation or by local inflammation', such as has been described in the foregoing, it could be exploded in the absence of preventive means which I have provided and will shortly describe if the reservoir were subjected to an external temperature greatly in excess of the normal temperature. For instance, if the reservoir should be exposed to the intense heat of conflagration in a burning building the entire reservoir and its entire internal mass of interstitial solid material and explosive fluid would be subjected to a great rise in temperature, with the result of a great concurrent rise in {luid-pressure and a probable explosion of thc reservoir. This contingency is avoided by the provision of a safety fluid-pressure relief-vent adapted t0 yield to fluid-pressure in the reservoir exceedingapredetermined value, and even with failure of the means above notedthe contingency of excessive external temperatures is further anticipated by one or more fusible plugs or fillings inserted in escape holes or vents -in the reservoir proper and preferably distributed over its surface, such plugs normally sealing such escape holes or vents, but fusing by the excessive temperatures so as to open the vents and relieve the internal Huid-pressure. However, even in the absence of both of the fore-l going preventive measures the danger of explosion by external heat in a contingency such as noted is greatly reduced by my provision of the interstitial mass of solid material adapted by its inherent nature to retard the transmission of heat throughout the mass generally. In case of external high temperature this property of the interior interstitial mass would cause a rise of temperature to be limited for some time to the outer portions of the mass and the heat Would be transmitted very slowly from the surface of the reservoir throughout its. entire interior. When the fusible plugs, which have already been mentioned, are employed, this temporary confinement of the heat to the outer portions of the reservoir gives ample time for fusin of the plugs before the entire interior of t e tank can become heated to a dangerous extent.

Notwithstanding the absolute safety of my reservoir when charged within its maximum safe capacity, it would be violently explosive,

even at ordinary temperatures, if charged with acetylene far beyond its safe conserving capacity, and I have therefore provided automatic means for preventing such a dangerous surcharge. If my reservoir should be charged with acetylene far beyond its safe capacity, the interstitial spaces of the internal mass of solid material would accumulate acetylene in quantities having heat-producing detonative and disruptive power far in excess ofthe arrestive iniuence of the interstitial walls, and the entire reservoir would then be violently explosive either by impact, detonation, infiammation, or similar causes. In that embodiment of my invention which I have illustrated in the accompanying drawings the prevention of reservoir overcharge is accomplished by the same pressure-operated reliefvent which operates to relieve the internal fluid-pressure when the same is raised by excessive general 'heating from an external source of heat. This relief-vent is adjusted to open and relieve the internal fluid-pressure of the reservoir when the same rises either because of excessive internal heating or because of an overcharge during the introduction of acetylene into the reservoir.

In addition to the objects already indicated it is an object of my invention to provide compact and convenient valve mechanism for controlling communication with the reservoir in charging and discharging the .same, and, still further, it is an object of my invention to provide a simple and compact fluid-pressure gage or pressure-indicating means to indicate the internal fluid-pressure of the reservoir. l I will now describe that particular embodiment. of my invention which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and thereafter I will point out my invention in claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 1s a vertical middle sectional elevation ofsafe explosive-uid-conserving means embodying my invention and including the safety devices, valve mechanism, 'and pressure-gage already mentioned. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig.- 1.

In the accompanying drawings, '18 is the main body of the reservoir proper, which in the particular instance illustrated is a cylindre-spherical sheet-metal tank-of the seamless construction with cylindrical main portion and hemispherical bottom. The tank is filled with a mass 25 of finely-ground or granulated charcoal of cocoanut-shell, which may IOO IIC

be forcefully tamped in place and subsequently further compressed by means of the cup-shaped screw-head 17, which screws into the open end of the main body 18 of the reservoir. The main body 18 of the reservoir is perforated at various points, and these perforations are sealed with fusible plu s 19, adapted to melt and give free vent to uid within the reservoir when the reservoir is exposed to excessive external temperatures.

The reservoir-head 17 is provided with a central spud or connection-ring 16, swaged into a central aperture in the reservoir-head and internally threaded to receive the threaded nipple 4h of a four-armed or four-way casting, which carries the pressure-operated safety-vent, "the controlling-valve, the pressure-gage, and the nipple for connection to a charging source or a consuming apparatus.

The end of the nip le 4h is provided with a circular recess 4e an with a smaller counterrecess of spherical form containing cotton 21, held in place by a small circular screen 20, inserted in the circular recess 4e and held in place also by upward pressure of the carbonl granules upon which the screen lies. The screen and cotton serve to arrest minute carbon articles which might otherwwise be with rawn, together with the explosive iuid when the tank is dischar ed.

A central duct 4 lea s through the con-` necting-nipple 4h from its spherical cottoncontaining recess upward to a conical valveseat formed about in the center of the fourway casting and co erating with a conical valve 3d, formed on t e lower end of a hollow valve-stem 3b, projecting downward through a central or axial vertical bore passing through the upper arm or extension of the castin A portion 3 ofthe valve-stem 3b is threa ed in this vertical bore, so that the valve 3d vmay be closed or opened by rotatively turning the valve-stem on its axis. The valve-stem contains a small axial duct 3e,

l leading from the lower end of the valve-stem,

where the duct always has free communication with the interior of the reservoir upward to the upper end of the-hollow valve-stem 3b and to .a pressure-gage 3, iixedly mounted upon such upper end of the valve-stem and provided with a suitable glass cover or c stal 2, through which the index-hand and ial ofthe gage may be seen.

The pressure-gage 3 is inclosed in an annular chamber 4a, formed u on the upper end of the upright extension o the four-way casting. A circular plate 5 is secured in the bottom of the chamber 4a by means of Hush-screws 6, and between the bottom of the pressure-gage and the top of the'plate 5 sufficient clearance is allowed to permit sufiicient movement of the valve-stem 3b to close the valve 3d. The valve-stem, which is cylindrical throughout the greater part of itslength, is provide with a squared portion 33, extending from the pressure-gage 3 downward through an a erture 5 in the circular plate 5 and thence t ough a s uare hole in a worm-wheel 9, contained wit 1in a circular subchamber or recess 4b, formed in the upright arm of the casting just below the plate 5. The'worm-wheel rests upon the bottom of the recess 4b and is retained in place by the circular plate 5. A worm 7 passes tangentially through the worm-wheel chamber 4b and meshes with the worm-wheel 9 and is provided with an operiating hand-wheel 8. The circular plate 5 has a recess 5b, providing clearance for the worm 7. Rotation of the worm 7 imparts rotation to the worm-wheel 9 and the wormwheel in turn rotatively impels the squared portion 3a of the valve-stem 3b, which is free to slide longitudinally through the wormwheel. Thus the valve-stem 3b is operated and the valve 3d opened or closed. A softmetal packing 10 surrounds the cylindrical portion ofthe valve-stem 3b at a oint about midway between the worm-whee 9 and the threaded portion of the valve-stem. The soft packing is held in an annularrecess in the upright arrn of the casting and is forced into uniform engagement with the valve-stem by means of set-screws 11 inserted radially through the casting at equiangular intervals and abutting against the soft metal.

The pressure-relief duct 4g communicates I with the upper end of the vertical du'ct 4i at a and thence the pressure-relief duct 4 leads through the horizontal arm or nipple 4J of the four-way castingand opens at the center of the extreme end of such nipple. This opening of the pressure-relief duct at the end of thenipple 4J' is normally sealed b a circular gasket or washer 14, having a t n central membrane or dia hragm 14, which covers the opening of t e relief-duct and which yields to excessive fluid-pressure in the reservoir, whether the same is developed by overcharging or by excessive internal temperature due to accidental occurrence of great heat 1n the environment of the reservoir. The safetygasket 14 is clamped firmly against the end of the nipple 4j by a screw-cap 15, .which screws overy the end of the nip le and 1s provided with a recess 15, whlc receives the safetygasket. A spherical subrecess 15b provides room for the displaced ragged projections of the ruptured membrane so that the same may notclog the central d1schargevent 15, leading from such spherical subrecess to the outer air. l

A horizontal service-duct 4d leads axially throu h the service-nipple 4c from a point immediately above the controllin -valve 3d to the end of the nipple. The etachable hose-nipple 13a is formed integrallyy with a connecting-cap 13, which screws over the end of the service-nipple 4c and is sealed IOO IIO

ployed advantageously in pressure-fluid res-l ervoirs enerally.

It wil of course be apparent that my 1nvention may be embodied in diverse forms and arrangements of its essential elements and in various modifications of the construction .which I have particularly shown and described, all such embodiments coming, however, fully within the scope and vital principles of my invention.

When it is remembered that the violent explosiveness of acetylene has heretofore prohibited its. use in many utilitarian fields wherein it would be most eiciently and economically available in the absence of the explosive-hazard, the reat commercial 'value of m invention wille appreciated.

W at I claim, and desire to secure by Letl. Means for safely storing explosive fluids comprising, in combination, a reservoir, and a mass of solid material inclosed in the reservoir and forming fluid-containin interstitial spaces of non-explosive magnitu es and also having inherent absorptive influence on the explosive fluid.

2. Means for safely storing explosive gases comprising, in combination, a reservoir and a dry mass of solid material possessing concentrative influence on the ex losive gas, and suchmass being of interstitialstructure and forming gas-containinginterstices of non-explosive magnitudes. f

3. In a safe source of detonating-gas, the combination of a reservoir, an interstitlal mass of solid material inclosed in the reservoir and having concentrative influence over the detonating-gas and also forming gas-containing interstitial spaces of non-detonating magnitude, and a as explosive by detonation and concentrate by influence of the solid interstitial walls of the interstitial mass and also contained in the non-detonating interstitial spaces thereof.

4. In a safe source of explosive acetylene, the combination of a storage-reservoir proper, a solid material inclosed Within the reservoir roper and forming minute fluid-containing mterstices of non-explosivemagnitude and also adapted to concentrate the explosive acetylene by inherent concentrative influence, and a charge of explosive acetylene contained in non-explosive quantities in the fluid-containing interstices and also concentrated by inherent concentrative influence of the solid material.

5. A non-explodable conserver for explosive fluid comprising, in combination, a fluidreservoir proper and, contained therein, a mass of minutely-disintegrated solid material forcibly compacted to maintain its interstitial spaces at non-explosive magnitudes.

. 6. Conserving means for ex losive fluids comprising, in combination, a uid-reservoir proper and, contained therein, a mass of forcibly-compacted minute porous particles of solid-fluid-concentrative material adapted to receive the ex losive fluid and to condense the same by iniierent concentrative influence and also forming interstitial spaces of nonexplosive magnitude adapted to receive and retain the explosive fluid between adjacent particles.

7. Means for the safe storage of explosive fluid comprising, in combination, a fluid-reservoir pro er and a mass of minute particles of soliduid'- concentrative material contained within the reservoir and forcibly compressed together to maintain their fluid-containing interstitial spaces at non-explosive magnitudes.

8. Means for storing fluids under pressure com rising, in combination, a fluid-tank, a flui -conduit leading into the'tank, a valve in control of the fluid-conduit and provided With a valve-stem, a pressure-gage mounted on the valve-stem, and a fluid-duct communicating with the fluid-conduit on the reservoir side of the valve and leading through the valve-stern to the pressure-gage.

9. Means for storing fluid under pressure comprising, in combination, a fluid-reservoir, a fluid-conduit communicating therewith, a controlling-valve in control of the conduit and providedwith a threaded valve-stem, a

worm-wheel through which the valve-stem passes in angularly-fixed but longitudinall slidable relation, a Worm meshing with t e worm-wheel, and means for turning the worm.

10. Means forstoring fluid under pressure comprising, in combination, a fluid-reservoir, a fluid-conduit communicating therewith, a controlling-valve in control of the conduit and'provided with a threaded valve-stem, a worm-wheel through which the valve-stem passes in angularly-fixed but longitudinall slidable relation, .a worm meshing with tlire worm-wheel, means for turning the worm, a pressure-gage mounted on the valve-stem, and a fluid-duct leading from the pressuregage through the valve-stem to a oint of communication with the fluid-conduit.

11. Safe means for conserving explosive acetylene comprising, in combination, a reservoir proper and, contained therein, a number of minute particles of charcoal of cocoanut-shell' forcibly impacted to maintain their IIO l' l interstitial spaces at non-explosive magnitudes. 12. A source of explosive acetylene comprising, in combination, an 'acetylenereser voir and a number of minute charcoal of cocoanut-shell comp etely filling the reservoir and forcibly'impacted tol maine tain their interstitial spaces at non-explosive magnitudes, and a quantity of explosive acetylene contained in the interstltia'l spaces. ,and also concentrated by inherent concen trative influence of the cocoanut charcoal. 13. A safe conserver for explosive fluids 1 pro er provided With a safety-vent, a fusible sea g material normally sealing the vent, and an interstitial massA of relatively non- Aheat-conductive solid material' contained articles of Within the reservoir and adapted to confine externally-ap lied heat to the surface of the reservoir unti the fusible sealing material is fused.

In testimony whereof I have aixed my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

CLYDE J. COLEMAN'. Witnesses:

HENRY D. WILLIAMS,

comprising, in combination, a reservoir ALBERT V. T. DAY.

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