US8214477B2 - Method and apparatus for dynamic assignment of sets of addresses - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for dynamic assignment of sets of addresses Download PDF

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US8214477B2
US8214477B2 US12/159,529 US15952906A US8214477B2 US 8214477 B2 US8214477 B2 US 8214477B2 US 15952906 A US15952906 A US 15952906A US 8214477 B2 US8214477 B2 US 8214477B2
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addresses
address
client terminal
dhcp
allocation
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US20090037603A1 (en
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Fabien Battello
Yves L'azou
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Monarch Networking Solutions LLC
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France Telecom SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50—Address allocation
    • H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/5014—Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50—Address allocation
    • H04L61/5061—Pools of addresses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/59—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming using proxies for addressing

Definitions

  • the field of the disclosure is that of the assigning of sets of addresses (or pools of addresses) from the network level to devices of the network.
  • the disclosure relates to the dynamic assigning of pools of IP addresses using the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
  • the DHCP is used mainly to distribute IP (Internet Protocol) addresses to apparatuses forming a network.
  • a DHCP pool is used to give the client an IP address chosen from a range of addresses (or IP subnets) so that this client can log in to the different servers of the network to which he is linked.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • FIG. 1 we present the principle of operation of a DHCP relay within an operator's communications network.
  • Telecommunications operators use the DHCP protocol to assign IP addresses to the terminal apparatuses of their customers and/or to the modem-router in order to establish connectivity with their network and thus provide certain services (Internet access, videoconferences, voice-on-IP, digital television, video on request, etc).
  • the DHCP relay 10 plays a role in DHCP messages broadcast by Ethernet.
  • the main goal of this relay is to extend the range of action of the broadcast DHCP messages beyond the client's local area network (LAN) 100 .
  • the client using apparatuses forming his network, 101 , 102 , 103 , 104
  • the DHCP relay 10 can send out general broadcast messages, the DHCP relay 10 acting to link up the client's local area network with the operator's network 101 .
  • a DHCP relay 10 therefore is to set up a gateway/router from the client's LAN 100 relaying the DHCP messages sent out on this local network to a second LAN 101 (that of the telecommunications operator) in which the DHCP server is situated, thus enabling physical separation between the client, operator network and ISP (Internet Service Provider) networks.
  • ISP Internet Service Provider
  • the DHCP relay 10 is therefore an apparatus forming part of the operator's administrative domain. It is situated on the boundary of the network 101 (as in the case of the DSLAM or Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) or right within the network 101 (as in the case of a BRAS or Broadband Remote Access Server or router when the client's circuit is extended or permutated up to this apparatus).
  • a DHCP relay The function of a DHCP relay is very widely used by operators to relay DHCP messages from the clients LAN (which has the apparatuses 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ) to one or more DHCP servers 1011 , 1012 situated in the operator's network.
  • the client's local area network (through the modem) can be attached to the DHCP relay by means of a physical interface sub-divided into logic sub-interfaces such as VCs (virtual channels), ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) interfaces or VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks).
  • VCs virtual channels
  • ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
  • VLANs Virtual Local Area Networks
  • each logic sub-interface ( 1001 , 1002 , 1003 , 1004 ) assigned to the client's local area network in the DHCP relay 10 has an IP address that serves as a link with the IP addresses assigned in the local area network 100 , these addresses being assigned to the modem or to the apparatuses 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 .
  • a client having a local area network in which four services are launched (through four apparatuses 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ) corresponding to four logic sub-interfaces ( 1001 , 1002 , 1003 , 1004 ) will have four IP addresses available assigned by means of the DHCP protocol.
  • DHCP server Several pools can be declared in the DHCP server. They enable the addressing of different services (Internet access, videoconferencing, voice-on-IP, digital television, video on request, etc) calling for distinct IP addressing planes.
  • the DHCP server acts as a pool selector for the assigning of IP addresses.
  • the DHCP relay apparatus gives the DHCP server an indication of the pool to be selected by means of the “giaddr” DHCP field of the DHCP request. This field identifies the address of the gateway.
  • the “giaddr” field is updated by the DHCP relay upon an IP address assignment query sent by an apparatus of the client's local area network. The apparatus relays the query to the DHCP server in entering information into the giaddr field which subsequently acts as a pool selection indicator with the DHCP server (as described in the standardization document RFC2131).
  • the DHCP server determines the pool in which it will serve the client. This selection can be done according to several criteria. However, the first criterion taken into account by the pool selector (the DHCP server) is generally the “giaddr”.
  • the DHCP server can choose any unoccupied address in the pool (the first unoccupied address for example) or use additional criteria such as the MAC address (machine address) or the client line identifier to restrict the choice to a range of addresses or to precisely one address.
  • the IETF Internet Engineering Task Force has also defined possibilities of indicating the pool, by creating new indicators positioned by the client (“Subnet Selection Option” as set forth in the RFC3011) or by the relay (Link Selection Option under the RFC3527). In these modes of operation, the “giaddr” field loses its pool indicator role.
  • IP configuration of each interface is statically linked to the pool. It may be recalled that an interface of the client's local area network is linked to one or more services (Internet access, videoconferencing, voice-on-IP, digital television, video on demand, etc). Consequently, the configuration of each service is linked to the pool. Indeed, each interface is statically attached by configuration to a “giaddr” value and is therefore statically attached to a particular pool since this it is the value of “giaddr” that is used by the DHCP server to select the pool in which it will serve the client.
  • a corollary drawback of this prior art technique is that the address pools are assigned statically, giving rise to substantial over-consumption of IP addresses. This is a problem when the addresses are IPv4 public addresses whose number is extremely limited.
  • each address pool can be linked to a service (for example an Internet access pool, a videoconferencing pool, a voice-on-IP pool etc)
  • each of these pools must contain enough addresses to meet the needs of all the clients who have subscribed to services. For example, if 2000 clients have subscribed to the Internet access service, the pool in charge of this interface must contain at least 2000 addresses. This is so even if only a few clients (for example 200 clients) can be logged in simultaneously to the service at a given point in time. In this example therefore there is a very substantial level of unnecessary consumption of addresses.
  • the prior art technique also raises problems since it necessitates the manual re-definition of the sizes of the pools according to the arrival of the new clients or again according to subscription to new services by existing clients.
  • the pool in charge of this interface must be configured so that it contains at least 2001 available addresses. This is especially so as additions to pools are done in increments big enough to prevent repetition of these operations.
  • This reconfiguration (which is a manual operation) proves to be cumbersome in that it increases the client's waiting time before he can access the desired service.
  • An aspect of the disclosure relates to a method of management implemented in an entity for the managing of sets of IP addresses, that comprises:
  • an embodiment of the invention proposes a novel and inventive approach to the allocation of addresses.
  • the allocation request is propagated to an entity acting as a management centre for IP address pools.
  • This management entity inspects one or more first sets of IP addresses liable to contain an address that may be available for the client who has asked for it. If this first set or these first sets of addresses do not comply with certain management parameters and therefore do not therefore the assigning of an address, then the entity is able to:
  • An embodiment of the invention therefore enables the creation inter alia of pools of IP addresses on the fly without any need for a manual definition of the ranges of addresses in these particular pools.
  • said at least one predetermined parameter is a piece of information representing a rate of filling of said first set of IP addresses.
  • This filling rate indication is used to determine whether a set can meet an allocation request from a client.
  • the filling rate measures, for example, the number of IP addresses already allocated in a set. If this number exceeds a determined figure which, for example, can be set as a percentage of the number of addresses available in the pool when it was created, then the management entity can decide to create a new set of addresses to meet the client's request or by anticipation of a future request by a client.
  • the information on identification of the selected set of IP addresses is transmitted to the DHCP relay in using a specific field in a DHCP message.
  • the information on identification of the selected set of IP addresses can also be transmitted by another means, such as a specific communications protocol.
  • the management entity is able to report its selection to the DHCP relay so that this relay can choose an IP address for its client in the selected set.
  • This piece of identification information can travel through a DHCP server in the form of a DHCP message containing a specific field. This message may be the response to the allocation request transmitted by the DHCP relay.
  • the identification information is therefore known to the DHCP server which transmits the DHCP message to the relay.
  • the DHCP server uses said piece of information for identifying said selected set of IP addresses to administer said selected set of IP addresses.
  • the pool newly created by the management entity is taken charge of by a DHCP server and can be used in the same way as any other already created set of IP addresses.
  • said entity for managing the sets of IP addresses is a DHCP server.
  • the DHCP server is able to build a set of IP address pools by itself without external intervention.
  • the DHCP server can therefore always meet allocation requests that are sent and can propagate the creation of the pools of IP addresses that it creates.
  • the entity for managing sets of IP addresses can also be common to several DHCP servers.
  • An embodiment of the invention also pertains to the entities for managing the sets of IP addresses implementing the above-described method.
  • such entities have:
  • An embodiment of the invention also pertains to a method of allocation of an IP address, by a DHCP relay, to a client terminal, that comprises:
  • said DHCP relay announces said selected set of IP addresses to at least one apparatus of said communication network, through routing protocols, when said selected set of IP addresses is newly created.
  • An embodiment of the invention also pertains to DHCP relays comprising means of allocation of at least one IP address to a client terminal.
  • such relays comprise means of reception of a piece of information for identifying a selected set of IP addresses among:
  • relays are able to receive the information sent by the entities for managing the sets of IP addresses.
  • such relays are furthermore capable of interpreting the piece of information on identification of said set of IP addresses selected by said management entity in taking account of the specific field contained in a DHCP message.
  • An embodiment of the invention also relates to computer programs comprising program code instructions for the implementation of the steps of the management method and of the allocation method described here above.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of operation of a DHCP relay within a communications network of an operator
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the process of creation and dynamic assignment within a DHCP server
  • FIG. 3 describes the process of creation and dynamic assignment in relation with an entity for managing IP addresses
  • FIG. 4 provides a schematic illustration of the hardware structure of the DHCP server
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the hardware structure of a management entity independent of the DHCP server.
  • the description thus focuses on the dynamic allocation of sets of IP addresses (or IP address pools) in using the DHCP protocol.
  • An embodiment of the invention therefore proposes to integrate a dynamic dimension into the assigning of pools by DHCP.
  • This new dimension in the assigning of pools enables an economy of addresses in matching the address pools to the best possible extent as a function of the addresses really consumed.
  • This dynamic assignment of the sets of IP addresses makes it possible to eliminate the static attachment of an interface in the DHCP relay equipment and makes it possible to take account of constraints of occupation of the pools.
  • the relay apparatus uses the value of “giaddr” for the choice of the pool only in the first phase.
  • the DHCP server (or the management entity common to several DHCP services) first of all uses “giaddr” to assess the pool to which it is referring. Thereafter, if the pool reaches a certain filling rate, the DHCP server sends the relay (for example in the link-selection suboption of the DHCP message) the new pool to be used.
  • the DHCP relay apparatus is then capable of dynamically associating the client's attachment interface with an IP subnet and, if this IP subnet is not yet used, it is in a position to announce it to other apparatuses of the network through dynamic routing protocols such RIP, BGP, etc.
  • the decision to create a new pool is not linked solely to the pool filling rate.
  • the decision to create a new pool can also be subordinated to a time slot (for example, a time slot in which it is known that the requests for assignment are numerous) and thus anticipate future requests for allocation.
  • a DHCP server playing the role of a dynamic provider of IP address pools as well as a management entity federating the management of the sets of addresses on behalf of several DHCP servers. It is clear however that the invention is not limited to this particular application but can also be implemented in many other fields, for example in the world of telecommunications, when a radio communications terminal wishes to access digital broadcasting services of a telecommunications operator and when this access necessitates the dynamic assignment of an network level address and more generally in all cases when the goals listed in this document are of interest.
  • DHCP Server that is a Dynamic Provider of IP Address Pools
  • FIG. 2 a simplified illustration is presented of a DHCP server having capacities of dynamically providing sets of IP addresses and responding to an IP address assignment query.
  • the DHCP server 20 receives an assignment query from a client 22 . This query is relayed by a DHCP relay 21 . In inspecting the value of the “giaddr” field 211 given by the DHCP relay 21 , the DHCP server 20 :
  • the relay DHCP 21 The relay DHCP 21 :
  • the DHCP server 20 is used both for the administration of the address pools and to create new pools for the use of the different subnets.
  • the structure of the server is illustrated schematically in FIG. 4 . It has a memory M 41 and a processing unit 40 equipped with a microprocessor ⁇ P which is driven by a computer program (or application) ⁇ g 42 .
  • the processing unit 40 receives client queries and/or responses 44 at input through a network input interface module E 43 .
  • the microprocessor ⁇ P processes these queries and/or responses according to the instructions of the program Pg 42 to generate commands and/or responses 46 which are transmitted through the network output interface module S 45 .
  • DHCP servers within the network of the operator and configure these services so that they address sets of address pools linked to certain services.
  • the network of the operator will have one DHCP server per service to supply to the client.
  • Each of these DHCP servers is then capable of dynamically administering several sets of IP addresses linked to only one service.
  • FIG. 3 a simplified illustration is given of an entity for managing IP address sets on behalf of several DHCP servers.
  • the DHCP server 33 receives an allocation request from a client 32 . This request is relayed by a DHCP relay 31 .
  • the DHCP server 33 :
  • the DHCP server 33 The DHCP server 33 :
  • the DHCP relay 31 The DHCP relay 31 :
  • the DHCP server does not directly govern the pools but communicates with an entity which manages the pools, namely an entity common to the DHCP servers.
  • entity which manages the pools
  • the role of the entity is to manage a set of pools common to all the DHCP servers and distribute them as and when needed to the different servers.
  • This entity can be regionalized or centralized as a function of the operator's needs.
  • the structure of the server is illustrated schematically in FIG. 5 . It has a memory M 51 and a processing unit 50 equipped with a microprocessor ⁇ P which is driven by a computer program (or application) Pg 52 .
  • the processing unit 50 receives client queries and/or responses 54 at input through a network input interface module E 53 .
  • the microprocessor ⁇ P processes these queries and/or responses according to the instructions of the program Pg 52 to generate commands and/or responses 56 which are transmitted through the network output interface module S 55 .
  • an entity will deal with only one certain type of interface (or service).
  • the network would then process several management entities, each responsible for the administration of a subnet; one entity for access to the Internet services, one entity for access to videoconferencing, etc.
  • the DHCP server integrates a main module.
  • This main module works in clients/server mode and communicates with a client module implanted within the DHCP relay equipment.
  • the main server module is used to signify the DHCP pool to be used to the DHCP relay equipment.
  • This command may be made in the DHCP protocol by means of an existing DHCP option or by means of another protocol.
  • the main client module using information given by the main server module is then capable of dynamically associating (in the relay apparatus) the interface attaching the client to a IP subnet (linked to the pool that has been decided beforehand) and, if this IP subnet is not yet being used, to announce it to the network by means of dynamic routing protocols such as RIP, BGP, etc.
  • the management entity proper is implanted, according to its configuration, respectively in the DHCP server (which directly manages the pools) or in an entity managing the pools and communicating with the DHCP servers so as to provide pools to the DHCP servers dynamically and as a function of needs.
  • the entity then takes the form of a secondary module (decision-making module).
  • the decision-making module manages the pools and sees to the optimizing of their use as a function of configurable criteria (criteria capable of being administrated) such as thresholds of use
  • the main module is activated in the DHCP server concerned.
  • a preliminary authentication step takes place before the acquisition of an IP address by the DHCP protocol.
  • This step consists in verifying the rights of use of the client by means of protocols such as RADIUS or TACACS. This case may occur for example within a DSLAM initiating a phase of authentication from a viewpoint of the 802.1X protocol (the authentication is then done on the basis of the physical parameters of the client's line, for example the telephone line in the case of xDSL).
  • the use of a new pool could be decided during this preliminary authentication step. In this case, it is no longer the relay equipment that addresses the query concerning choice of pool to the pool management entity but the apparatus in charge of the authentication.
  • the management entity or DHCP server determines the pool to be used or creates a new pool as need be.
  • the apparatus in charge of the authentication transmits this information to the relay apparatus but keeps the memory of this information (namely the attachment pool) in order to use it during the DHCP step without having to call the DHCP server or the management entity again.
  • the relay apparatus indicates the pool to be used in the DHCP message (using the giaddr field or the link-selection suboption or other means).
  • An embodiment of the invention provides a technique for the assigning of IP address pools that is dynamic and free of the constraints related to the value of the “giaddr” field.
  • An embodiment of the invention ensures optimal matching between the number of IP addresses available in a set of addresses and the number of clients logged in and needing an address in one of these sets.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides a technique in which the content of the sets of IP addresses do not have to be redefined when a new client subscribes to a service and which averts the drawbacks of conventional systems using a manual redefinition of the IP address pools for the connection of new clients.
  • an embodiment of the invention proposes a technique for the allocation of IP addresses to a client that is simpler and more open-ended than in the prior art.

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PCT/EP2006/068963 WO2007074006A1 (fr) 2005-12-29 2006-11-27 Procédé d'affectation dynamique d'ensembles d'adresses par dhcp, entité de gestion, relais et programme d'ordinateur correspondants

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