US8199A - Machinery foe cutting files - Google Patents

Description

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J. GRUM. MACHINE FOR CUTTING FILES.

Patented July 1, 1851.

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J. ORUM. MACHINE FOR CUTTING FILES.

No. 8,199. Patented July 1, 1851.

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MACHINE FOR CUTTING FILES- No, 8,199: Patented July 1; 1851 Yul; mm PEITIS cov. morou'mtm. mm. a. a

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN ORUM, OF RAMAPO, NEW YORK.

MACHINERY FOR CUTTING FILES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,199, dated July 1, 1851.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN CRUM, of Ramapo, Rockland county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Cutting Files, and that the following is a full, clear,

and exact description of the same, reference being had to theacc-ompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which Figure 1, is a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 2, a front elevation; Fig. 3, a horizontal section taken at the line A, a, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a longitudinal vertical section taken at the line B, b, of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 cross section of the carriage at C, c, Fig. 4; Fig. 6, cross section of the file bed at D, d, Fig. 4; and Fig. 7 vertical section of the feed motion.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the figures.

Many machines have been invented and essayed for cutting files, but so far as I am informed none prior to my present invention have been practically useful, for the following reasons. Files are usually made of a form presenting four faces which are more or less curved, slightly swelling from the ters motion in cutting, the motion being greatest Where the file is the thinnest and narrowest, so that the force of the blow is greatest where it should be the least. It follows from this state of things that the teeth will be cut deeper toward the point than at or toward the middle. Again the two ranges of teeth cross each other at given angles to the axis of the file, and the motion of the cutter must be diagonal to the general plane of the face of the file to make the teeth pointing toward thetop or point of the file. These peculiarities in the form of the body and teeth present serious practical difficulties. If the cutting edge be made, as it should, at right angles to the plane of its motion to cut one range of teeth, when reversed by reason of its obliquity, the cutting edge will then be oblique to the face of the file, and only touch it at one edge, hence such I an arrangement is impracticable.

the other in cutting another range, the result I i of which must necessarily be an imperfect file. And finally the curve of the face, and the diagonal range of the lines of teeth, slightly vary the relations of the cutting edges to the plane of the face to be cut as the file moves under the cutter from the point to the handle, and from this it must follow that if the edge of the cutter or the face of the file are not made to shift as the file passes under the cutter, the cuts will vary, and the teeth produced be uneven.

All of the above practical difliculties I have avoided by my improvements which consists, first, in connecting the file blank to a bed which has a positive feed motion, and an incidental rolling motion depending upon the shape of the blank and the angle which the cutter forms therewith; second, in connecting the cutter or chisel or the stock thereof with the slide, by which the power for cutting the teeth is applied by means of a joint the axes of which shall be at right angles or nearly so, with the face of the cutter, when this is combined with a rolling bed on which the blank rests, whereby the cutting edge and face of the blank become mutually self adapting to the varying angles one to the curved face of the file, and the diagonal lines of the teeth; and, third, in holding down the file onto its bed or carriage as it progresses under the cutter, by means of a roller which bears thereon just in front of the cutter whereby that part of the file which is being cut is held firmly down on to the bed notwithstanding the curvature of the faces, the said roller being made tapering from the middle toward its ends, so as to be self adapting to any change of position of the face of the file, and the end of the file being held or connected with the bed or carriage by a clamp or the equivalent thereof,

which will permit that end of the file to rise and fall as the file is tilted on its bed by the .pressure of the roller.

In the accompanying drawings a, represents the bed frame of the machine to which is properly secured the upper frame work 6. The top of the bed frame is formed with two ways 0, 0,,on which runs a carriage d,

provided at one end with a block 6 that slides vertically in a recess. This block has a semicircular groove, which is threaded to fitthe threads of a feed screw f hung in journals against a pin go that projects between the two wa s c, 0. And on the outer end the shaft 0 the screw is provided with a ratchet wheel 9 which is operated by a hand or pawl h connected by means of a wrist 2' that can be adjusted in the slot of an arm j on a rock shaft k'the said rock shaft having another arm l to which is jointed the lower end of a vertical rod m that slides in a tube 'n surrounded by a helical spring 0. The said s ring rests at its lower end on a collar an its ugper end bears rom the rod m and which slides in slots in the tube, so that the tension of the said spring shall always tend. to force up the rod and thus draw back the hand or pawl h which at every revolution ofthe main shaft 9 is pushed forward to turn the ratchet they required distance by the connection of the hand with the arm of the rock-shaft, acted upon by a cam r, on the main shaft which acts on the upper end of the rod m, properly formed for that purruns to the front end of the carriage to be pose.'- In thls way at each rotation of the main shaft, the carriage is moved forward the distance required for the cutting of one tooth. At the end of the feeding motion the carriage is moved back by the attendant who for this u se must first disengage the block 2 w ie is secured b a screw passing through a slot to the midd e of a short lever r connected with a hand lever T which within reach of the attendant.

The cutter or chisel m is formed with a stem, fitted and secured by a temper screw y, in the socket ofthe lower half of a stock 2, which is jointed to the upper half by a screw bolt a. The two halves of this stock are ut together in the manner of the well known rule joint, so that the chisel or cutter shall have suflicient lateral play to adapt itself to the varying plane of the surface of the file. The upper end of the stock is fitted by .a stem in a socket at the lower end of a heavy block of metal 12, called a slide, and there secured by a temper screw c. The slide b, is a quadrangular rism of the reguisite weight which slides in two cross bars d, of the frame, each made in two parts connected together by screw bolts e e that they may be adjusted to the slide. The position of the slide is in a planeperpendicular to the transverse plane of the carriage which carries the blank and inclined back from a lineperpendicular to the longitudinal plane of said carriage, so as to give the inclined out required to make the teeth of the file sharp toward the point of the file. 7 At about the middle of its length the slide is provided with a strap f properly secured to 1t, which strap has two trunnions' g g on opposite sides which play in the slots of two arms h, h, of a' rock shaft 71, which has its bearings in the upper frame b, and which is provided with another arm j, which at its outer end carries a roller is that isforced down to lift the slide and its cutter or chisel by means of a cam Z, on the main shaft g.

The cam Z, which operates the slide, has a greater sweep than, and begins to lift the cutter before the cam 1' begins to operate the I feed motion, but so soon as the feed motion is completed the cam l, liberates the rock shaft to permit the slide and chisel to descend and cut a tooth. As the rock shaft is operated to lift the slide a projecting piece m, is brought in contact with a spring n attached to a rock shaft 0, from which projects an arm p, q, the point of w ich comes in contact with and is arrested by an arm 8', of a rock shaft t, which has another arm u that carries a roller 1), that runs on a plane w attached to and carried by the carriage d. After the arm 72, of the rock shaft 0', has been arrested, the continued upward motion of the slides gives tension to the spring, the recoil of which aids in forcing down the slide to make the cut; hence the point at which the rock shaft 0 is arrested will determine the force with which the blow will be struck. The general force of blows for the various kinds of files is regulated by the set screws 9, but the variation of this force for any one file is regulated b the plane 'w on which the roller 1) runs; t e lower the plane the less tension the spring will receive and hence rovided with a set screw the less will be the force of the blow and vice versa.

I In this way the form of the plane w can be modified to suit the form or chisel is diagonal to the line of motion a of the carriage to correspond with the lines of one range of teeth, and, when shifted and reversed, corres onding with the lines of the second range 0 teeth.

The upper surface of the carriage is formed with a semi-cylindrical cavity a, to which is fitted the under surface of the bed t, so that it can roll therein; the form of the upper face of the said bed being adapted to receive the file blank to be cut. The one end of the bed is formed with a journal u, properly fitted to the end of the cavity in the carriage, and the journal is provided with a shoulder c, on the end to prevent the bed from moving endwise in the carriage, and the other end of the bed is provided with poppet headsor standards w, between which slide the journals of a clamp block w", to which is secured the stem of the blank or file to be cut, so that the said clamp will be free to move therein. A brass roller 2:,

tapered from the middle toward the ends is fitted to turn on the end of a spring arm- 3 and is so situated as to make pressure on the face of the file blank in front of the cutter or chisel, so as to hold it down steadily. Either the journal on which this roller turns should be largest in the middle, or the hole in the roller should be enlarged from the middle toward each end, so as to avoid as much as possible all obstruction to the motion of the bed when the lateral inclination of the bedis shifted from the one side to the other.

When cutting the first range of teeth, the cutter and the bed, are in the position represented in the drawings and after the carriage has been run back, the cutter is shifted around so as to make its cutting edge cross the line of the first range of teeth, and as this varies the line of the cutting edge relatively to the face of the file blank, the bed must be turned to shift the inclination of theface of the file blank. But as the bed is free to roll, the first action of the cutter will eflect the shifting of the bed if the attendant should neglect to do it.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the cutter for cutting both ranges of teeth has its cutting edge at right angles to its line of motion and will at each cut strike equally acrossthe whole breadth of the file, with equal force. And that the force of the blow can be regulated by varying the form of the curved guide plane so as to adapt the force of the blow relatively to the form of the file, so that the force shall correspond with the resistance; and finally by reason of the jointed connection of the cutter stock with the slide which operates it the edge, of the cutter will be rendered self adapting to any slight variation in the surface of the file blank.

It will be seen from the foregoin that the file blank during the operation 0 the machine rests on and moves under the cutter with the rolling bed which is longitudinally connected with and operated by the carriage and adapted to roll therein transversely to adapt the plane of the file to the line of the cutter edge. And as the clamp to which is secured the stem of the file blank is free to move up and down in its connections with the bed, the roller which makes pressure on the face of the blank just in front of the cutter, will always keep it firmly onto the bed at that part of its length on which the cutter may be acting and this too without reference to the degree of curvature of the face of the file blank.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. Connecting the file blank to be cut with a bed which has a positive feed motion, subthe cutter forms therewith, substantially as described.

2. I also claim connectin the chisel with 3. I also claim holding the file down on to the bed during the operation of cutting, and

near to the cutter by means of a roller or its equivalent combined with the rolling bed substantially as herein described, but this I only claim when the end of the file is so connected with its bed that it shall be free to move up and down that the pressure of the roller may keep that part of the file that is being cut, firmly down onto the bed, as herein specified.

4. I am aware that before the date of my invention, the cutter of filed cutting machines has been jointed to a valve or bar, but in such cases it has not been combined with a rolling bed and therefore I do not wish to be understood as claiming broadly the making of the cutter with a oint; but to claim this only under the limitations pointed out above.

5. I am also aware that the file blank has been made to slide during the feeding motion over a rolling bed to adapt the transverse plane of the fileblank to the line of the cuttingedge for cutting the different ranges of teeth, and therefore I do not wish to be understood as claiming broadly the employment of a rolling bed; but to claim such rollin bed when made to move with the file during the feed motion from end to end, under the limitations above specified.

JOHN CRUM.

Witnesses:

ROBT. DAVIS, CAUSTEN BROWNE.

Disclaimer.

To the H on. Commissioner of Patents:

The petition of JoHN CRUM, of Ramapo, in the State of New York, and VVIIL'IAM T. NIoHoLsoN, of the city and county of Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, respectfully represent that Letters Patent of the United States were on the 1st day of July, 1857, granted to the said CRUM for improvements in machinery for cutting files, which Letters Patent by grant duly recorded in the Patent Ofiice have been assi ed to the said Nicholson; and your petitioners represent that they have reason to apprehend that through inadvertence and mistake the claim to the connection of the chisel with its stock by a joint in combination with a rolling bed is too broad, including that of which the patentee has not a right to claim.

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