US818363A - Art of signaling through space. - Google Patents

Description

f;& M dw No. 818,363. PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

Y 0. D. EHRET. ART OF SIGNALING THROUGH SPACE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 25, 1905.

A /L I L, Li I Q UNIT-ED STATES PATENT curios.

coRNEm s D. EHRET, or 'ARDMO'RE, PENNSYLVANIA. Ala-roe sleuAuue THROUGH SPACE.

, Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 17, 1906.

' Original application filed July 27, 1903, Serial No. 167,129. iDivided and this application filed August 25, 1906. Serial No. 276,760-

.To all, whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CORNELIUS D. EnnE'r, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ardmore, in the county of Montgome and State of Pennsylvania, have invente new and useful Improvements in the Art of Signaling Throuig1 Space, of which the followin is a speci cation.

y invention relates to electrical signaling, more especially that system in which electroradiant energy representing the signal or message is transmitted through the natural media.

My invention consists in a method of transforming electroradiant energy into the energy of electric currents, such electric currents causing or controlling the production of an series force electric current of the fluctuating or alternating type and having a frequency corresponding to the frequency of the transmitted wavetrains and boosting or reinforcing the alternating current so produced to more effectively control or actuate a receiver or other translating device.

I Reference is to be had to the accompanyin drawings, in which- 'gure 1 1s a diagrammatic view of the circuits of a transmitting apparatus for impressing upon the natural media two series of wave-trains, the trains of each series being dis lacedintime with respect to each other and the frequency orperiodicity of the electromagnetic waves forming the trains at one eing different from the periodicity or frequency of the electromagnetic waves forming the trains of the other series. Fig. 2

is a diagrammatic view of the circuit arrangements at a receivlng-station wherein the received electroradiant energy causes or controls the production of a fluctuating or alternating current, such alternating or fluctuating current being reinforced orboosted. Fig. 3 1s a diagrammatic viewof receiving-circuits in which dephased wave-trains cause or control the production of fluctuating or alternatin currents, such currents being reinor boosted. Referring to Fig. 1, P and P are primary coils of two separate transformers, such primary windings being included in the circuit of a source of twohased currents-that is, the current passing t oughthe winding P the rimaries P and P. S is the secondary win in ofthe transformer whose primary 1s P, and S is the secondary of the transformer whose primary is P. Both of these transformers are preferably step-up transformers, the volta es of the secondaries being preferably equa G is a spark-gap in shunt to the secondary S, and thls spark-gap, along with the condenser C, transformer-primary p, and inductance L, forms an oscillating circuit of ver short period or very high frequency, as Wel understood in this art. A is an aerial or radiating conductor between which and the earthlate eis connected the transformersecon ary s of the transformer whose primary is p. G is a spark-gap in shunt to the secondar S and forms, along with condenser C, transformer-primary p, and inductance L an oscillating circuit of very high frequency. A is a second aerial conductor between which and the earth-plate e is the transformer-secondary s cooperating with the primary p The fre uency of the oscillations in the circuit C, p, i, and G depends,among other things, as is well understood, upon the product of the ca acity and inductance of such circuit. Similar y, the fre uenc of the oscillating circuit C, pQL, an G e ends upon the-product of the capacity and in uctance of such circuit. The capacity and inductance, or rather their product, of the circuit C L G is taken different from that of the circuit C, p, L, and G, so that the frequency of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the conductor A 1s different from the frequency-of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the conductor A. Since the current supplied by the secondaries S and S are in quadrature, the oscillations for each train of waves generated in the circuit C p L G begin at a time earlier (or later) than the commencement of a Wave-train generated by the circuit C, p,

L, and G, such difierence in time amounting cycles per second. Then the wave-trams emanating from A will be dephased from the wave-trains emanating from A by an amount corresponding with a quarter period or one seven-hundred-and-twentieth of a second. Furthermore, the electromagnetic waves radiated from A may be at the rate of one million er second, while those radiated from A may he at the rate of seven hundred and fifty thousand per second. I prefer to have the condensers C and C of very nearly the same capacity, the inductances of the two circuits being chosen differently in order to secure the different frequencies, so that both condensers will be charged to their maximum potential in equal eriods of time, so that the spark at the ga will precede (or succeed) the ark at G y exact y a quarter of a period 0 the current sqpplied to P and P. The sparkgaps G an G are preferably similar in every respect, so that both will break down under similar circumstances.

From the foregoing description it is seen, therefore, that by depressing the operator s key F a plurality of series of Wave-trains are transmitted, the wave-trains of the different series bein de based with respect to each other and t e e ectromagnetic waves of each series havin a fre uency different from the frequency 0 the e ectromagnetic waves of any other series.

Referring to Fig. 2, A is an aerial conductor by which is received electroradiant energy. P is the primary winding of a transformer and is connected between A and the earthlate e. Across the secondary S is connecte the self-restoring Wave-responsive device W, which controls the local circuit including the choke-coils f f, battery B, and primary winding of a transformer. this arrangement for every wave-train imupon A a current impulse passes throu the primary In the circuit of the secon ary 8 there is t en a series of impulses or groups of impulses whose rate of succession depends upon the rate of succession of the wave-trains transmitted. To make such secondary circuit selective of wave-trains succeeding each other at a certain rate only, the condenser C and the inductance L are employed to so attune such circuit. T represents a telephone-receiver, recording instrument, or any other translating device. In cases where the current in the circuit of the secondary s is extremely faint, due to excessive distance between the transmitting and receiving stations or for any other cause, it is reinforced by the induction-generator K.

This inductiongenerator comprises a pri-. mary wlndlng lncluded in series in the 011131111) of s. The rotor consists of a cylinder or disk of magnetizable metal and carrying short-cireulte conductors, as well understood in the electricalart. By rotating the rotor at a rate in excess of synchronism for the frequency of the impulses or groups of impulses passing through its pripro erly laminatedture c.

-mary the current is reinforced or boosted.

By the arrangement shown in Fi' 2, therefore, the efficiency of a wireless-to e raph receiving-system is increased, and wit a given amount of energy employed or radiated at the transmitting-station a greater effect may be produced in, the recording instrument of the receiver or any other translating device. In Fi 3, A and A represent aerial receiving-con uctors, between which and the earth e are serially connected the inductances 9 and 10, respectively. The inductance 9, with the aerial A, constitutes a tuned or selective re raving-conductor selective of the waves of ,one series of transmltted Wave-trams.

Similarly, the inductance 10 and aerial A are solectlve of the Waves of another series of wavetrains. The wave-responsive devices Wand W, preferebly self-restoring, are associated with the inductances 9 and 10.. Controlled.

by W is a local'circuit including the chokeand inductance L are so chosen and adjusted as to make the circuit containing them selective of impulses succeeding each other at the rate. of or at a mulitple of the rate of'succession of the wave-trains emitted by the transmitter shown in Fig. 1. Similarly, the wave-responsive device W controls a local circuit including the primary of the transformer whose secondary s is in series with the condenser C the other phase-winding of the induction-generator K the winding Y on the core Z, and the inductance L. C and L are so chosen and adjusted as to render the circuit containing them selective of im ulses or groups of impulses succeedin each ot or at a rate equal to or a multlple of t e rate of succession of the wave-trains emitted by the wlndin s the currents of such windings will be amp ified or boosted and will coo erate in magnetizing the core Z. Since t e transmitted wave-trains do not overlap, but alternate witheach other, the core Z receives twice as many or a multiple of twice as many magnetizatlons per unit of time as there are wavetrains in a single series per unit of time. The result is that the armature c is more positively attracted and prevented from fluttering and the operation more certain and effective. When the armature c is attracted, it engages the contact 0., thus closin a circuit through the battery b and a signa translating or recording instrument, a Morse recorderM. The spring 11 opposes the attraetionof the arma- This'application is a division of my prior application, filed July 27, 1903, and bearing Serial No. 167,129.

What I claim is 1. The method of rendering intelligible messages or signals transmitted through the natural media in electroradiant form, which consists in transforming the received electroradiant energy into the energy of electric currents or charges, controlling by such currents or charges locally-generated electrical energy to produce changes or fluctuations thereof, amplifying the fluctuations or changes of said energy, and controlling or actuating a signal-translating instrument by the amplified energy. 4

2. The method of rendering intelligible messages or signals transmitted through the natural media in electroradiant form, which consists in transforming the received electroradiant energy into the energy of electric currents or charges, controlling by said currents or charges the production of current fluctuations representing the transmitted messages or signals, increasing or amplifying said current fluctuations, and employing said amplified or increased fluctuations to reproduce the messages or signals.

3. The method of rendering intelligible messages or signals transmitted through the natural media in electroradiant form, which consists in transforming the received electroradiant energy into the energy of electric currents or charges, controlling by said currents or charges the production of fluctuations of current locally generated, boosting or reinforcing said current and reproducing the messages or signals by said boosted or reinforced current.

4. The method of rendering intelligible messages or signals transmitted through the natural media in electroradiant form, consists in transforming the electroradiant energy into the energy of electric currents or charges, controlling by said currents or charges the production of a fluctuating current, boosting or reinforcing said current Without destroying its message or signal representin form, and reproducing the messages or signa s by said boosted or reinforced current.

5. As an improvement in the art of reproducing signals or messages represented in transmission by electroradiant energy, the step which consists in amplifying the current changes or fluctuations representing the messages or signals.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

- CORNELIUS D EHRET. Witnesses:

ALICE S. MARsH, ELEANOR ROBERTS.

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