US818138A - Engraving-machine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 818,138. PATENTED APR. 1'7, 1906. P. V. AVRIL.

ENGRAVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 25, 1904.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATBNTBDAPR. 17, 1906. P. v. AVRIL. BNGRAVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 25. 1904.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

-FIG-.2.

PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

P. V. AVRIL.

BNGRAVINGMACHINE.

APPLICATION-FILED 1116.25. 1904.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

lllllllvz PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

APELIGATION ILBD AG. 25. 1904.

B SHEETS-SHEET 4.

a|\ Il IIIIIIIIVII No. 818,138.- PATENTED APR.17, 1906. P. V. AVRIL.

ENGRAVING MACHINE.

APPLIUATION FILED AUG. 25. 1904.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

TIGRS. 4/ d //6' PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

P. V. AVRIL. ENGRAVING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG.25.1904.

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N0. 818,138. PATENTBD PR.17, 1906` P. V. AVRIL. I ENGRAVING MACHINE. APPLIATION FILED AUG 25 1904;

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

@gua No. 818,188. PATBNTBD APB.. 17, 180,8.

P. V. AVRIL.

BNGRAVING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 25, 1904.

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PAUL VICTOR AVRIL, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ENGRAVING-IVIACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented April 17,1906.

Application filed August 25, 1904. Serial Nn. 222,188.

T0 all whom, it may concern:

Beit known that I, PAUL VICTOR AVRIL, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engraving-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates generally to engraving machines, and as herein embodied is adapted for automatically reproducing a design, model, or the like either as an exact duplicate or modified as to size, style, arrangement, &c.

The machine comprises in its construction two lathes, one of which, hereinafter termed the pattern-lathe, is adapted to receive a cylinder containing upon its surface an intaglio or relief design and the other, hereinafter termed the copy-lathe, has mounted in it a cylindrical blank, upon the surface of which the design is to be reproduced. Coperating with the pattern-lathe there is a tool or tracing-style movable over the face of the design or pattern and arranged to closely follow the undulations thereof. Ooperating with the copy-lathe there is a cutting-tool. These tools are connected through interposed mechanism to move in unison and have the same relative movement toward and from their respective cylinders, and when, therefore, motion is given the style or tracer by causing it to traverse the undulating surface of the pattern the cutting-tool, moving simultaneously therewith, will reproducesuch undulations in the surface of the blank. This operation repeated throughout the length or breadth of the pattern results in producing upon the blank a complete copy exact in all respects, if desired, or modified in a manner to be hereinafter described.

My present invention embraces various features of improvement upon the machine disclosedin United States Patent No. 711,273, granted to me October 14, 1902, in which certain devices herein employed are described and claimed.

The accompanying drawings will serve to illustrate a machine such as may be employed to carry'my invention into effect. I wish it understood, however, that I do not limit myself to either the exact construction or arrangement of parts shown, as it will be obvious that various other mechanisms may be employed operating in substantially the same manner to produce practically the same result.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine. Fig. 2 is a front elevation. Fig. 3 is a side elevation, on an enlarged scale. Fig. 4 is a cross-section taken on the line S4 SL of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view illustrating a step in the operation of reproducing an intaglio copy from a relief-pattern. Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view7 on an enlarged scale, taken on the line SG SG of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a similar view taken on the line Sv7 S7 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a view in diagram of the various circuits. Fig. 9 is a View in diagram illustrating the operation of reproducing a design element of the pattern first in duplicate, then in reverse order, and combining the same to form a complete figure. Fig. 10 is a similar view illustrating the reproduction of the design elements of the pattern first in duplicate and then in the reverse order with one dimension changed. Fig. 11 is a view in plan of the pattern-lathe with portions shown broken away and parts in section. Fig. 12 is a similar view of the complete machine with parts shown in section. Fig. 13 is a view in diagram, illustrating the operation of repeating the design elements of the pattern in the copy on the same scale. Fig. 14 is a similar view showing the design elements repeated on a smaller scale circumferentially of the cylinder. Fig. 15 shows the design reproduced on a reduced scale both circumferentially and longitudinally of the cylinder. Fig. 16 is a view illustrating in detail the reproduction of a relief copy from a relief-pattern- Fig. 17 is a similar view illustrating the reproduction from the relief-pattern of an intaglio copy, the counterpart of the copy shown in Fig. 16.

` Fig. 18 shows the reproduced copy of Fig. 16

and the counterpart of Fig. 17 operatively assembled.

Referring now to the drawings, 1l represents the frame of the machine, upon which are mounted the head-stocks 2 2a, tail-stocks 3 3a, and carriages 4 4aL of two lathes. The head and tail stocks of each lathe are relatively adjustable, and the longitudinal feed of the carriages may be operated either by hand, by means of the cranks 5 5a, or automatically, through the lead-screws 6 62L in the usual manner.

In one of the lathes a pattern-cylinder 7 is mounted, having upon its surface the model or design to be reproduced, which may be cut, molded, or otherwise formed thereon in either in intaglio or relief. Ordinarily av hollow cylinder is employed and is secured upon a mandrel 8, held between centers 9 10 of the IOO IIO

head and tail stocks 2 and 3. A pin or lug of the cylinder projecting into a keyway of the mandrel, as shown at Fig. 5, causes these parts to rotate together and at the same time permits free movement of the cylinder lengthwise of the mandrel, such movement being imparted to the cylinder by the carriage 4, an arm 11 of which provides a bearing to receive the reduced end thereof. In the bearing there is a bead or projection which enters an annular groove Vformed in the cylinder.

In the other lathe there is a second cylinder 7 a, upon the surface of which the design is to be reproduced. The cylinder 7a is mounted between the centers 9a 10EL of the head and tail stocks 2TL 3at and through suitable gearing may be rotated at the same speed as that of the cylinder 7 or its speed may be varied, as will be later on explained.

Motion is transmitted to each lathe Alrom the shaft 12 through belts 13 14, passing around suitably-arranged pulleys 15 16 17 18, as shown in Fig. 2. The pulley 18 is fast upon a shaft 19, on which worms 20 2O are mounted in mesh with worm-wheels 21 22. The worm-wheel 21 is fast upon the spindle of the head-stock 2a, and through gears 23 24 25 26 motion is imparted to the leadscrew 6a, which, as above described, is connected in the usual manner with the carriage 4a. As shown in Fig. 3, the gears 24 25 are carried by an arm 27, mounted upon the projecting end of the lead-screw and may be thrown in and out of engagement with gears 23 and 26 by shifting the arm and securing the same as adjusted by means of the nut 28. The worm-wheel 22 is mounted fast upon the spindle 29 of the head-stock 2, and motion is transmitted from the spindle to the mandrel upon which the pattern-cylinder is mounted through gears 30 31 32 33 34 35 36. The gear 36 turns loosely upon the end of the spindle and is operatively connected to drive the mandrel by means of a sleeve-coupling 37.

The lead-screw 6, which cooperates with the carriage 4, is driven Vfrom the spindle 29 through two sets of gears, one set, consisting of gears 38 39 40 41 42, serving to rotate the screw and feed the carriage toward the right, and the other set, consisting of gears 43, 44, 45, and 46, rotating the screw in the opposite direction, feeds the carriage toward the left. By means of arms 47 48, carrying several gears of each set, the lead-screw 6 may be thrown in or out with the spindle 29 or driven 4in either direction. The object of this arrangement is to provide for moving the model or design cylinder longitudinally in either direction at the same speed as that of the blank-cylinder or at a different speed, in accordance with the requirements of the reproduction desired.

In reproducing designs or models of various kinds it is desirable at times to reverse the direction of rotation of the lead-screw periodically or when the pattern reaches a predetermined point in its travel in either direction. In order to effect this operation automatically, l provide a clutch 49, (shown in detail in Fig. 7,) consisting of two sets of electromagnets secured to a frame 50, keyed to rotate with and have a limited movement lengthwise of the spindle 29. The polepieces of magnets 51 are relatively arranged to coact with depressions formed in a disk armature 52, fast on a sleeve 53, on which the gear 38 is mounted. The oppositely-'facing pole-pieces of the second set of magnets 54 coact with similar depressions formed in a disk armture 55, secured upon a sleeve 56, carrying the gear 43. It being understood that the sleeves 53 56 are loose upon the spindle and that the armatures are normally clear of the magnets, it will be seen that energizing either set of magnets will result in throwing the lead-screw 6 in gear with the spindle 29, the direction ol' rotation of the lead-screw depending upon which set of magnets is energized.

The magnets 51 and 54 are controlled by a snap-switch 57 upon the carriage 4. As shown in Figs. 8 and 11, the switch 57 consists of a pivoted sector of insulating material upon the curved face of which a contactplate 58 is secured and connected with a source of current-supply 59 through the plate 60, brush 61, wire 62, brush 63, and bar 64. The plate 6() is secured upon the rounded end of' the sector adjacent to its pivot and the brush 63 upon carriage 4, so as to move back and forth with the same in contact with the bar 64, extending lengthwise of the lathe-bed. The switch has a limited movement between stops 65 65 and is operated by means of a lever 66, pivoted thereto and arranged to cooperate with two pins or projections 67 67 thereof. A spring 68, acting through the lever 66 and pins 67, serves to give the switch a quick motion and also holds it as thrown in contact with one or the other of the stops 65. The movement or adjustment of the lever is controlled by spaced pins 69 69 upon the carriage 4, which are arranged to engage the projecting end of the lever, as shown in Figs. 1l and 12, and throw the switch when the carriage 4 reaches a predetermined point in its travel in either direction. Coperating with the contact-plate 58 upon the curved face of the switch there are two brushes 7 0 71. The brush 70 is connected with the magnets 51 of the clutch 49 through the wire 72, brush 73, bar 74, wire 75, brush 76, contact-ring 77, and wire 78, a similar set of .connections 79 80 81 82 83 84 being provided from the brush 71 to the clutch-magnets 54. The return-circuit from these clutch-magnets is by way of contact-ring 85, brush 86, and Wire 86a to the source of current-supply. The brushes 73 and 80 are secured to and ICO movable with the carriage 4 and contact, respectively, with bars 74 and 81, arranged parallel with the bar 64. The rings 77, 84, and 85, suitably insulated, are mounted upon the outer end of the spindle 29 By means of a hand-operated switch 87 the clutchanagnets 51, controlling the above-described gearing for returning the carriage 4 or feeding it toward the left, may be thrown in or out of circuit at will.

Coperating with the pattern cylinder there is a style or tracer 88, adjustable by means of two feeds-one a cross-feed 89, operated by a crank 90, and the other a vertical feed 91, operated by a crank 92. The slides, rests, &c., of both the cross and vertical feeds are mounted upon a bracket 93, bolted to the carriage 4a. The style or tracer 88 is carried by an arm 94, pivoted at 95 to the slide of the vertical feed. The arm being free to swing about itspivot permits the tracer to follow closelyl the undulating surface of the design elements upon the cylinder 7 The arm 94 is preferably eXtensible in length, it being formed in sections clamped together by bolts 96, and provision is also made, as shown, for shifting its pivotal center by causing the pivot-bolts to engage any one of a series of openings 97 formed therein.

A cutting-tool 88a, coperating with the blank-cylinder, is rotatably mounted in bearings 98 98 on a cross-slide 100 of the carriage 4FL and is provided at or near its outer end with an annular flange 99, with which nuts- 101` 101 coperate to take up endwise play. Motion is imparted to the tool by an endless belt 102, passing around pulleys 103, 104, 105, and 106. rlhe pulley 103 is carried by a shaft 107, upon which a second pulley 108 toward the left.

is mounted and belted to a large wheel 109 upon the shaft 12. The pulleys 104 and 105 are carried by the cross-slide 100, the pulley 104 being mounted upon the spindle of the tool and the pulley 105 in brackets at one side and slightly above the same as an idler, around which the belt passes after leaving the pulley 104. The larrangement of parts is such as to permit ready adjustment of the tool-carrying slide longitudinally and transversely of the lathe-bed while the tool is being driven.

Movement of the cutting-tool relatively to the blank-cylinder is imparted by mechanism controlled by the style 88. This mechanism consists, as shown, of arock-shaft 1 10, mounted on the carriage 4 in bearings 111 111 and connected to the cross-slide 100 through a crank 112 and rod 113. The rock-shaft is oscillated through the action of two clutches 114 114% one of whichvrotates continuously toward the right and the other continuously Each clutch consists of a series of electromagnets 115, carried by a Worm-gear 116, free to turn upon the rockshaft and in mesh with and driven by a worm 117 on a shaft 118. Motion from the shaft 12 is transmitted to the shafts 118 by means of belts 119, 120, and 121 passing around suitably-arranged pulleys 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129. The clutches are arranged one on each side of a disk 130, of brass or other non-magnetic metal, which is made fast to the shaft 110 and provided on each side with a flat ring armature 131, mounted to rotate with the disk and to have a limited movement toward the magnets.

Current to the clutch-magnets is controlled by the style or tracer 88 through a device now to be described. The bar 64 being in circuit with the generator 59, a connection is provided from the bar to a pin or projection 135, carried by the arm 94. As shown, this connection is formed by a brush 133, depending from and movable with the carriage 4a, and from the brush a wire 134 leads to the pin 135. Cooperating with the pin 135 there are two contact-fingers 136 137, suitably insulated and pivoted at 138 138 upon an arm or sector 139, fast upon the rock-shaft 110. The fingers 136 137, arranged upon opposite sides of the pin 135, are held separated a suitable distance against the action of springs 140 140 by an adjustable stop 141 and are provided with platinum contact plates 142 143. The contact plate 142 is connected with the magnets of one of the clutches through wire 144, brush 145, and ring 146, and the contact-plate 143 is'similarlyconnected through the wire 147, brush 148, and ring 149 with the magnets of the other clutch. The return-circuit is by way of rings 150 151, brushes 152 153, and wires 154 154 to a second brush 155, depending from the carriage 4a and movable in contact with a bar 156, connected with the source of current-supply, as shown in' Fig. 8. The arrangement of parts is such that as a depressed portion, for example, of the design upon the cylinder 7 moves under the style, as represented in Fig. 4, the arm 94 will be moved downward, and the pin 135 carried thereby will contact with the plate 143 of the nger 137 and close the circuit through the clutch 114 at the left, as shown in Fig. 8. As the direction of rotation of this clutch is such as to move the crossslide 100 away from the cylinder 7et the tool will form a depression the exact duplicate of the depression under the style. In other words, an intaglio copy will be produced from an intaglio model. It will be apparent that by shifting the crank 112 through one hundred and eighty degrees to swing above instead of below-the shaft the resulting motion of the slide 100 will be reversed and the copy would then be produced in relief the counterpart of the pattern, as in Fig. 5.

In order to prevent mutilation of the pattern or strain upon the tool, such as might occur when the style drops into a depression in the pattern or meets a projection thereof IOO over which it will not ride readily, I provide for automatically lifting the style sufficiently to permit such depressed or projecting portion of the desi n to pass under the same. This is accomplisghed by pivoting the style, as indicated at 157, Fig. 8, and controlling its movement about its pivotal center by a spring 158, so that it will yield on striking a projection or the wall of a depression of the pattern and close a circuit 159, one terminal of which is indicated at 160, as a continuation of the style and the other at 161, as pin or contact device mounted upon the arm 94. Included in the circuit 159 there is an electromagnet 162, secured to the arm 139, the armature 163 of which is connected to the arm 94, so that when the magnet is energized by closing the circuit in the manner described the arm 94 will be lifted by the upward movement of the armature, thus bringing the pin 135 into contact with the plate 142 and clos- V.

ing the circuit of the clutches 1143, which acts to rock the shaft 11() and continues the upward movement of the arm until the style is clear of the model and is swung back into normal position by its spring 158. The retraction of the style separates the terminals 160 16,1 and breaks the circuit 159, denergizing the magnet 162, and thereafter the pin 135 in its movement between the contactplates 142 143 is controlled by the style.

As a means of automatically bringing the machine to a stop in the event of the belt 119 breaking or when through lack of attention the carriage has reached the limit of its movement toward the right, as viewed in Fig. 1, I provide a device 165 for shifting the belt 14 onto a loose pulley. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the belt-shifting device is connected to be operated by an electromagnetic clutch 166, mounted upon the shaft 12 and included in a circuit 167, controlled by two switches 168 169. The switch 168 is normally held open by having its arm or movable member supported by the belt 119, through which motion is transmitted to the clutches 114 1142. Should the belt break or run off the pulleys, the switch-arm, falling by its own weight or actuated by a spring, closes the clutch-circuit and clutch, acting through the device 165, shifts the belt 114, and thereby prevents further transmission of power to the lathes.

The switch 169 of the well-known springarm type is normally open and connected in the circuit 167 in the path of travel of the carriage 4a to be engaged and closed by the carriage as it reaches the eXtreme end of its travel toward the right. The action of this switch is the same as that above described.

In reproducing a design as an exact duplicate the operation is as follows: Assuming that the pattern-cylinder and the cylindrical blank are properly mounted in their respective lathes, the style and cutting-tool are then andjusted and set relative to their cylinders and the lead-screw 6 is thrown out of gear, so that the carriage 4 remains at rest. As the machine is started up, the undulating surface of the pattern moving under the point of the style imparts movement to the same, and such movement transmitted through the arm 94 to the pin 135 causes it to vibrate between the contact-plates 142 143 in circuit with the clutches 114 1143. These clutches acting alternately upon the rockshaft 110 cause it to oscillate, and such oscillations transmitted to the cross-slide 100 results in imparting a reciprocating movement to the cutting-tool corresponding to the rise and fall of the style in traversing' the undulating surface of the pattern. The cutting-tool driven at a high speed cuts into the surface of the rotating blank and controlled in the manner described varies the depth of cut in accordance with the undulations of the surface traversed by the tracing-style. Under the action of the lead-screw 6a the carriage 4a, together with the tracing-style, cutting-tool, and interposed clutch mechanism mounted thereon, are advanced uniformly along the cylinders 7 7 a, continuing the operation, as above described, throughout that portion of the cylinder 7 containing the design and reproducing upon the blank an exact duplicate thereof, as indicated in Fig. 9, between the arrow-points a. This being the usual method of operation, let it now be assumed that the pattern-cylinder contains only half of a symmetrical figure or one or more elements (represented at bb in Fig. 9') and that it is desired to reproduce the same first, as in the original, then in the reverse order upon the blank. To eect this automatically, the machine is adjusted, as shown in Fig. 11, by setting the pins 69 69 upon the carriage 4EL to trip the switch 57, and thereby throw in the feed for moving the carriage 4 toward the right after the style has traversed the figure upon the design-cylinder. In duplicating the elements l) b, as indicated at b2 b2, in the manner above described the carriage 4 remains at rest and the style and cutting-tool have the same movement longitudinally of their cylinders from point c to point c2. When, however, the feed is thrown in by the pin 69 in tripping the switch 57 and the carriages 4 4a move in the same direction-i. c., toward the right--in order that there may be relative movement between the style and the pattern the' carriage 4 is advanced at double the speed of the carriage 4a and the style moving from c2 to c3 in the same direction longitudinally of the lathe as the patterncylinder, but at onlyhalf the speed, will traverse the elements appearing between the arrow-points a from right to left, and thereby cause the same to be reproduced upon the IOO IIO

blank in the reverse order, as indicated at` single element upon the pattern-cylinder may be repeated any number of times upon the cylindrical blank.

A design reproduced in the manner last described maybe modified by varying its length, as represented in Fig. 10. If, for example, the carriage 4 moves at the speed of the carriage 4a, but in the opposite direction, as indicated in Fig. 12, the reproduced design will be reduced one-half lengthwise of the cylinder. A similar reduction may be obtained when the carriages are moving in the same direction by causing the carriage 4 to move at three times the speed of the carriage 4a,the rule for further reduction being obvious from the foregoing. The reproduced design may also be repeated on the same scale circumferentially of the cylinder, as represented in Fig. 13, by employing a blank whose diameter is two, three, or four times that of the pattern-cylinder and giving the cylinders a speed. of rotation corresponding to their relative diameters.

A design may be reproduced and repeated on a smaller scale circumferentia'lly of the cylinder when both the pattern-cylinder and the blank-cylinder are of the same diameter, as represented in Fig. 14, by simply changing their relative speed of rotation-that is to say, by rotating the pattern-cylinder at twice the speed of the blank-cylinder the design elements will be repeated upon the blank and reduced to half size.

Fig. 15 represents a design upon a large cylinder reproduced upon a smaller one and reduced to half the length of the original. This eifect is obtained, as above described, by throwing in the feed of the carriage 4, which causes the pattern-cylinder to move longitudinally of the lathe at twice the speed of the carriage 4a, upon which the tracing-style and cutting-tool are mounted.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- An automatic engraving-machine comprising a lathe, a lathe-carriage, a pattern* cylinder rotatably mounted in the lathe and movable with the carriage thereof, reversible feed mechanism for the carriage, means for automatically controlling the feed mechanism, a tracer coperating with the patterncylinder, a second lathe providing support for acylindrical blank, a carriage for said second lathe, a tool movable to and from the blank, said tool being carried by a cross-slide of the carriage of said second lathe, a rock-shaft mounted upon the last-mentioned carriage and connected to reciprocate said cross-slide, and oppositely-acting clutches controlled by the tracer and mounted upon the rock-shaft,

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

, PAUL VICTOR AVRIL.

Witnesses:

J. E. PEARsoN, FRANK OCONNOR

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