US812878A - Turbine-driven machinery. - Google Patents

Description

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'L vC. E.:BATEAU G. SAUTTEB'.v TURBINB DRIVEN' MACHINERY.

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'PATENj'EB AFEB. 20,1906. G. MUTTER.

A. (1p-Bi' BATEAU @z TURBINF. DRIVBN MACHINERY.

APPLICATION IILHDA-GK l?, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET a.`

UNITED I STATES .PATENT-- AUGUSTE CAMILLE EDMOND BATEAU AND GASTON SAUrTER; OF PARIS; raAIvoE, AssIo'Noas 'ro RATEAUyrUReINE COMPANY, or .omcAGul .nILINoIs, `A' coRPoRArION or' WEST VIRGINIA.

- Application- IIIed. aigue 17.1903. sain No. 169,674,

" To all wil/0121, itmay cou-ecrit:

Be it known that we, AUGUSTE CAMILLE En- I MoN-D BATEAU and GAsTON SAUTTER, citizens tion.

of the Republic of France, residing at Paris,- France ,have Jolntly Invented certain new and useful 'Improvements in Turbine-Driven Maor similar motive power; and its object is to provide 'an improved construction and larrangement whereby a sinflc turbine unit of reat power and speed ma r beemployed e total power develope thereby util- -ized most efficiently, as for the generation of electriccurrents The production of very heavy electric cur- 'o le to construct such turbines sol as to develop V. bine sections. 54C

enormous mechanical power, it is impractical to construct a generator of correspondmg p ovverwhich isv capable of being direct. driven 'y the lturbine at the high speed which the `turbine-shaft attains,- such 'a speed being pro- .hIbItIve for large generators.

'f In accordancewith our invention the turbineengine for developing the required total poweris 'subdivided vinto high-pressure and I ovv-pressure sections or individual turbines,

eachsection driving its own shaft, .and a'corresponding number of lpower transforming `n iachlnes, such as electric generators, are dI-v y rect driven one by each 'of the several Atur- T he motive Huid' Is' passed `throughsaid individual turbines or sections f finseries to operate them together as a unit of motive 'povver ---that isy tosay, the. motive huid introducedy into 4the tirst turbine oi the series is permittedto expand and develop :'rnechanical power to a certain `extent in said first turbine, afterwhich the partially s ex# anded vsteam discharged from the lirst turine is conveyed to the next turbine of the series, and soon unt-il the total eiiergy of the 4steam is thus"fractionally abstracted. The driven machines are connected In vparallel 1with respect to the delivery .ot'their output..

bpecincation of Letters Patent.

turbine-driven generatorshas here- TURBINE-DRIVEN MACHINERY.

.Batented Feb. 20, 1908.

so as to react mutually' and distribute the. l

joint load between them in proportion to the powerr developed by their respective drivingturbines.

A further feature of the invention consists In the provisiono a single regulator mechss p anism, which a'cts in res onseto changes in 1 'the total load on the rive'n machines (as Inanifested'by changes in speed of both machines) to control the admission of steam 01 series.

Uur invention Aturther contemplates temporarily increasing' the power delivered'by the series of driven machines by supplying additional live steam or motive fluid to aconother motive lfluid tothe first turbine of the venient intermediate point in the loW-'pres- :sure section of the turbine. rThis enables the driven machines to Work on overload at certain times when the demand is greatest or to maintain the normal power 'of the combined turbines in case the condenser becomes inoperati've and a discharge of. the exhaust into the. open air becomes necessary.

With the general arrangement o f turbines,

driven machines, andfregulating mechanism above described the individual driven machines may be of simple and strong construction and small in size, so as tobe capable of operation at high speed, While eiciency is maintained bythe practical absorption of the total power of the turbine, this being made possible by tliedivision of said turbine into high'fpressure and low-pressure sections,

each of which furnishes Its ive mechanical strains. l By subdividing the turbine and letting each `turbine drive a generator, the generators being connected in parallel, this may be readily accomplished, provided the generators are designed-to operate in parallel atdifl'erent rotative speeds.

We will describe our invention in detail by reference to the'acc'ompanying drawings, in

which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representationV of a turbine-driven electric generator set, contric generator 3 is direct-connected tothe shaft of the Vhigh-pressure turbine 1, and a` similar electric generator 4 is direct-connectln Fig. 1 the dynamos 3 and 4 are'indicatied as alternating-current machines, while in F'i- 2 said dynamos 3 and 4 are indicated as d1- rect current machines.' In both cases the terminals of said machines are connected in multiple with the mains and 2,1 of the circuit to be supplied. Such connection acts to distribute the total electric load between the dynamos ,3 and 4 in pro ortion to the relative power developed b t eir respective driven turbines. The tur ines are ably constructed in accordance wit our Patent No. 748,216, granted December 29, 1903, the present application being in substance based upon the application, Serial No.

70,438, led August 1, 1901, upon which said patent was granted. Itis not'essential to the present.. .particular t i e of turbine be employed, except that it ou'ld be divided into high-pressure and low-pressure sections, each section driving its own. independent shaft. The steam arriving from the boilers by the pipe 5 passes into the first 'distributersof the highpressure turbine through the pipe 8, an obturator 6 being provided to control the quantity of steam so admitted.l A certain proportion of th ener',D of the steam is expendved in driving t e hig -pressure`turbine 1, and

from t-he exhaustpipe 9-of said hi h-'pressure turbine the lsteam is conveyed y Way of pipe 11 to the low-pressure turbine 2.. The steam, after finishinor its work in the lowvressure turbineV 2,- eaves through the exaust-pipe 12 and may thence ass to a condenser 23. Ve have indicate inthedrawings an outlet 24 into the open air for the steam from the exhaust 12 in case it is de-- 'siredfor any reason to cut out the condenser. We have alsoindicated' in the drawings an outlet 28 for the steam from the exhaustpipe 9 in cane it is desired to cut off the lowpressu're turbine altogetherlby closing the valve 10. It w1ll be understood, however,

rhatthis isonly for an emergency ,'a'n'd that referinvention, however, that any `passes into the low-pressure turbine 2, Where normally the exhaust-steam from thehigh pressure turbine passes through thepipe 11 mto the lowressure turbine,when1t completes its wori.

The com ound turbine above described isv 79 controlled uring its normal operation by a single regulating mechanism, which mayA be associated with the'high-pressure section 1. This mechanism com rises the' obturator 6 and the speed-controllied regulating mechan- 75 ism 7 of the usual typel or operating the same. This regulator Am'echamsmv 'issensitive to slight changes of speed above or bej low the normal rate. U on unduel increase in s eed it acts through t e connecting-lever 8vo medlxanism to close the obturat-or 6,' while vif the-s eed falls below thefpredetermined,

ed ,to the shaft of the low-pressure turbineg". beyond the narrow limits determined by the governing mechanism are thus stantially the speed being maintained s constant.

We preferably provide means for tern 0 rarily' augmenting'the power of the turbine 9o when required to meet an extraordinarily heavy overload, such .means consistin of a pipe13, conveying live steam from the oiler to act-on a section' of the turbine which is' intended for normal operation only at low pressure. As shown 1n the drawings, such additional live steam maybe introduced into an intermediate cell of the turbine 2, so as to act on the'vane-wheels thereof toward the ,end of the series. The supply otsuch addivoo tional live steam may be controlle `bya special obturator 15, which is. overned by t e regulating mechanism 16, t e latter being shown as arranged to respond to changes in speed of the low-pressure turbine. special regulating mechanism is adjusted to" act only in response to a fall oflspecdg'reatly below normal, as in case of an abnormally heavy overload, under which condition ;t.h e f;` admission of additional live steam to the lowr r pressure turbine will greatl Y increase i t s provportion of the total power elivered.

The operation of this a paratus is as follows: Under normal con itions the motive fluid is supplied-to the hi hressure turbine 1, the extent of this supp yy eing controlled by the obturator, which admits sufficient steam to maintain the speed of this turbine at approximately its normal value. The steam then passes through the turbine, developing a portion of the total work required, which ener is delivered in the form of electric-power ily the direct-connected dynamo. The steam on exhausting from turbine 1 12 5 it completes its expansion,.produeing the rest of the available work'icontained infthe steam, which work is convertdhztuelectric power bv'ithe directconuectetignefatnnqnd delivered tthe system, b

VTins Iss tne second turbine'tne's'tealn escapes through 12 to the air-or he condenser, as may .'required. units are maintainedI at approximately the same value or at any predeterminedap r'oximately fixed ratio, depend-'ent upon t' e de- 'si of the electric generators i for this fixity of relative spe'e'fds' is obvious in the case of an alternator, since the machines lo operating in parallel are compelledgto operate at synchronous 'speeds-,by 'virtue of the synchronizing current, exchanged between the two machines ponevena very slight departure fromsynchronous speed'. In

1 5 the case of direct-current generators connected in arallelthe same result lfollowshow ever, or a somewhat different reason. In this case if either'mac ine'attains a'speed above that for which it generates normal voltage its voltage will -be increased accordlingly,v and will therefore exceed lthe voltage of the other `machine whose speed has not beenincreased. In consequence a current will flow in series through the machines, said cur- 25 'rent acting to drive theslower-speed machine as a motor and being generated, by'absorbing power from the higher-speed.genera-- A tor. n account of this action it fis impossible for either generator to depart mate- 3o riallyfrorn the normal speed unless the other Consequently if the generator does so also.

controlled by'a speed of either generator is speed regulator or governor the speed of bothy generators is controlled. lAs a result of this mutual relation of generators connected in parallel theltwo turbines perform theirfunctions in much the same mannerthatthey would operate were both connected to the same shaft and controlled by a single gov- `4e ernor, as is the usual practice. Variations in the total -load on the turbines will first causey an inverse variation in the rotative speeds of'both sets, which speed variation actuates the governor on the lfirst turbine of the series and changes the supply ofsteam in accordance with the change in load. -Under all conditions7 however, the power delivered vby each generator is determined by the power generated by the steanrin the corresponding 5o turbine, except in 'cases where the speeds oi'.

the rotating elements are being accelerated or retarded. is supplied or absorbed by the acceleration of the rotating element.

means of governing the speed of both turbines is obtained when thefirst turbine in series is equipped -witha governor which admits suiiicient steam tothe first turbine to 6o maintain its' speed at approximately 'the normal value'for which the governor mechanism has been designed. The speed of the second or low-pressure unitis compelled to be'approximately the same as that of the highpressure unit by virtue of the electric genera- The rotative speed ofy both,

vThe reason steam-pressures In this case someof the energy- We have foundthat' `5 5 with this arrangement the most suitable elastic,` but allowin `rio:actual@diffe'rence-in` the lnumber of revo utions per'minute (jf'thiiVy two sets, while in the case of direct-current generators said couplin' would be elastic and f8@ would permit a small erenc'e in therotative speed'of the two units; Itis thus obvious that two-'units are arranged :in this inanner, controlled by a single governor' actuatedk f by the'speed of the rst turbine-.in fthe series,v y8 5 insures that the steam-pressure distributionk in thevarious sections of'both turbines ape* f roximates very closely'to the 'steamdistr ,p uton which would. be obtained' werte-"both4 fturbines mechanically connected to the saine 91e shaft. If each turbine` 'wereindividuallycontrolled by its own governor, ,'sa'id` gov' 1 ernor acting to throttlel the"admission Nofffj" steam intdsaid turbine, tlhe distribution olif' between-'the two turbines 95 will not be that-Which would -ibefo'btained with the/two vturbines connected to thesam'e shaft, unless some 'complicated meanswerey` l provided for distributing the y'electric load be'- tween the generators in such a wats`r as to corn- -1 oo pel this steam"distributiom.y During normal operation the single regulating mechanism 3 1 'applied to the obturator 6 oi' the -iirstzturbine f will suilice to keep `the speed ofthe systernv approximately ,constant;b'ut l'caseioifan -1o 5 overload upon the mains 2021i so heavy that 1' the ull'force oi' the steam admittedb thefff L wide-open obturator to thes'eriesfo tur-rfa bines is insuiiicicnt toiurnish the required extra power the speed' .of thewhole Systemax ro willy fall considerably ,-belowLnorrnal` ifThel regulator 16,cont-rollingthey obturator 15, isf adjusted to respond tosircli abnormal fall of speed' and will under such conditions netto 'E open said obturatorl and admit live'steanr I 15 from pipe 13 to the turbine'2. 1 There isthfus;y y

added to the nearly-spent steam yacting to-ys.- -ward the'end ofthe series of;vane-wheelssuf-1` i iicient live steam to considerably increases-ty the power developed by the -turbine 2,l alud thus to meet 'the additional demandjup'on the generators. the overload the regulator loservesythrough j lvariations in speed of the generatonvto regu late, through the obturator I5, the admission of live steam to `the turbine according as the` overload upon the dynamos and'ii isili-@r creased ofrdiininished7 i f i In theudiagram Fig." 2 we 'havelindicated f': the apparatus in the normal running condi- 13 During. the ,continuation of r rIo by., said tur 2pc eorresponding number of power-transl 4o lin 'proportion to the speed of the system controlling the admission of steam 5.

to the first turbine of the seriesf 4 2L The combination with lurality of vturbines "and means for coiiveyi'ngffinotive -'flui'd through said turbines -inseriesto oper# ate the same 4aaa unit of motive ponieaa 'a mlngmachines eachdriyen by one lof'-said'-*-`t`ur bines, said machines being connected in parallel with respect to the delivery of their output, and a' single governor mechanism re- 2 5 'sponsive to changes in the speed 'of the s stem controlling the 'admission of motive fiuid to thefirst turbine/of the series.

' 3. The combination 'with two or more turbines-and means-for conveying motive fluid got throughsaid turbines in sequence to operate' the same asia unit. of-motive'powier, of a corresponding numberfgfgpower.-absorbing machines dri-.ven eachby7 a"corresponding one of 'sald turbines, a regu ator mechanism respon- 3.5 sive lto slight changes in speed of one-of said -turbines and arranged to contiol the admission of motivelfluid to said series of turbines, and' means for causin "said driven 'machines to reactmutually to dqistifibutethe total load power developedby the respective turbines. y

y 4. Thembination with hi hpressure low-pressurexturbines, and

. power, of dynamo-elecfricjgenerators driven eachA by a correspo nig oneof said turbines,

5o. upon said,

and low-pressure turbines, an

and a main 'circuittovvlfich said generators- 69 -nections-between said generators adapted to distribute the totalload of said main circuit between said generators proportionately to tors connected in of hlgh-pressure and low-pressure turbines through said turbines ing number of means for. passing motive'jluid through said turbines iny 45 :series to operate the-same as a unit of motive :b

the power developed by their corresponding driving-turbines. I A

6. The combination with electric generaparallel to a maincircuit,

each driving a corresponding generator, means' for causing motive fluid to pass inseries to operate the same as a unit, an obturator controll supply of motive fluid to the first turbine of the series, and a governor for operating said ob turator,responsive to changes inthe total load on said main circuit.

7. vThe combmation with a turbines connected in series With respect to vthe passage of motive fluid therethrough, of

a corresponding number of power-absorbing machines driven bysaid turbines, a connection between said driven machines, means for admitting additional motive fluid to an intermediate pointin the turbine system, and a governor mechanism responsive to an abnormal fall of speed, arranged to control the admission of such additionalmotive fluid.

ing the' pluralityof 8.- The combination witha plurality of i turbines connected in series, of a correspondower-transforming machines driven by sai turbines, a connection between said driven machines whereby they are caused to'maintain approximately a fixed relative speed, a .governor mechanism responsive to changes of speed of the system arranged to control the admission of motive fluid to the'first turbine of the series, means for admitting additional motive fluid to an intermediate point in the turbine system,

andA asecond governorrne'chanism r'esponsive to anV abnormal fall of speed consequent upon overload, 'arranged to 9. The combination with a plurality of turbines and means for passing steam through saidturbines in series, of electric generators driven one by each turbine, said generators eing connected in parallel', a governor mechanism responsive to changes 1n speed of one of said turbines, controlling ,the passage of steam to the first turbine of the series, means for supplying additional steam at an intermediate point in the turbineseries, and asecond governor mechanism responsive to an abnormal fall of speed consequent upon overload, arranged to 'control such additional steam-supply. 1

.In testimony whereof We have hereunto set our signatures in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

AUGUSTE CAMILLE EDMOND RTEAU. GASTON SAUTTER.-4 itnesses: C. DE M'EsTRoL, AUGUsTUs E. INGRAM.

control the ad-` vmission of such additional motive fluid.

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