US812693A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

. N. B. SMITH.

' STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 6.1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

rmWEsEs' INVENTOR I Va/m "IRS/711 177 I No. 812,693- PATENTED'FEB. 13, 1906.

I N. B. SMITH. STEAM TURBINE.

' APPLICATION FILED JUNE 8, 1905.

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INVENTOR 1V0! an A? gruff/'1 I AT) Ms? UNITED STATES PATENT ormon.

NORMAN, R; SMITH, or SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

I STEAM-TURBINE.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NOLtMAN R. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Seattle, county of King, and State of v Washington, have invented certain new and usefullmprovements in Steam-Turbines, of

which the followin is a specification.

- in the claims.

.- now preferred by me.

Figure 1 is an elevation in which one-half of the device is mostly broken away in order to better show the disposition of the internal parts. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken parallel with .the axis.v Fig. 3 is a detail section taken lengthwise one of the'jets. Fig. 4

- is a diagrammatic section taken lengthwise one of the cups or pockets. Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating the transverse form of one of said pockets at points in its length represented by the correspondingly-numbered lines of Fig. 4..

One object which I have attempted to secure by my invention is to reduce the rota tive speed to such a degree as to make the motor applicable to drive the average mechanism without requiring special speed-reduc ing devices. I v

Another object is to produce a reversible turbine and also a design whichwill be cheap in its first cost. I

My invention com rises two principal rotative parts A and which are essentially alike in construction, the parts when a reversible turbine is wanted being ada' ted to be either one clamped to the shaft an the other held against turning, the direction of rotation being dependent u on which part is secured to the shaft. Eac of these princi al parts A and B isof the general form of a disk havmg pockets or cups 0. t'oi' special form in one face, the-cupped facmof the two disks 1 being opposed and in close contact. These disks are loosely journal'ed'filpon. the shaft 0;

Specification, of Letters lratent; 7 Application filed June s. 1905-. Bedside-2164,3541

' Patented Feb. is, 1906'.

ut'ineansf'are provided whereby they may "either onebe held to turn with the shaft or held against'turning, as desired.

in series-of-spirals, as is clearly shown in Fig. 1, the spirals on one disk bein opposite in direction to those upon the ot er disk. This is clearly shown by that portion of Fig. which shows the outlines o' the pockets (.ot- -ted. The lines composed of dashes outline the pockets in the disk A, while the dotted lines outline the, pockets in disk B. These The cups 'orpockets a and b are arranged 5 lines of onedisk cross the corresponding lines of the other :disk at an angle. The general form of theindividual pockets is best shown by the diagrams of Figs. 4, 5, and 6. Fig.4 shows the outline of a pocketon a central longitudinal plane, while Figs. 5 and 6 show by their various curves the outlines of a pocket taken upon the 'correspondin ly-numbered lines of- Fig. 4that ;is, the ines l 2 3 4, &c., of Figs. 5 and fiT'sliow the shape of the surface of the. poeketat' points 1 2 3. 4, &c., of' Fig. 4. These curves are given with as near an approximation to thetruth and my conception of the-form which 1 is most desirable as I can now give." I do not, however, wish to he understood as saying that these forms must be exactly followed, as I am aware that such is not the case. They, however,- represent m present conce tion of thebest form for t ese cups. As wil be seen b referring to that portion of Fig. 1 which s ows these cups dotted, there are an unequal number of cups, in the two disks, one being divided thereby into preferabl an even number of angular segments anc the other into an odd number of segments. I have shown the disk A as having twelve segments and the disk ll as having thirteen. At the center each disk is provided with a chamber D, from which the steam is discharged into the innermost of the cups (L and b. connected bysegment-slots d of such size that couuuunication between the two chamhers is not interfered with by the rotation of the disks. The steam is supplied, to said chambers through one of the annular passages d surroundhu the sleeves A and B, from the steam-supply pipe S.

These chambers in the two disks ar The steam is discharged from the chambers D through a series of nozzles E so located in each disk as to discharge into the innermost cu s of the opposite disk. The cu s are inclined oppositely in the respective dis rs and the nozzles are also inclined oppositely or so that they discharge against the end surface of the cups of .the opposite disk. The jet of steam discharging into the innermost cup is deflected backward and outward towardthe face of the disk and by reason of the relative positions of the cups in the two disks into one of the cups of the other disk. This action will proceed from one cup to another and alternating from one disk to another until the steam is discharged through pe ripheral orts e.

In or er to control the revolution of the disks, I provide iriction-clutches, by which either may be secured to the shaft, and also brakes, by which either may be held against turning. The manner of constructing these is immaterial. l have shown the sleeves A and B as beingconed and enga eable by a corresponding coned. member 'i, which is mounted upon the shaft 0 by a key and feather, so that-it may slide, but must turn with the shaft. This is controlled by a lever G. The brakes shown. consist of shoes 1H, bearing upon the rim'of the disks and operated by levers I. By holding one disk and clamping the other to the shaft the shaft is turned in one direction. By reversing this order the shaft is turned in the opposite direction. I

The disks are preferably surrounded by an exhaust casing L, wl'iich entirely incloses them, and the exhaust-steam is led away through. a pipe L. To prevent leakage about the sleeves A and B, I have shown grooves J, which are connected with the exhaust-chamber by drip-passages.

By reason of the shape and arrangement of the cups upon two opposed disks the energy or the steam'is gradually extracted and the speed of the turbine is kept within reasonable and practicable limits. It may therefore be run. direct connected with many devices which would require speed-reducing devices if operated by other turbines.

.l have in the drawings shown the sha e of cups or buckets which I now think is nest, but am aware that departures from this shape may be made and yet obtain good results and possibly better. i do not, tli reforc, Wish to be limited to the shape shown.

Having thus de .ibed my invention, what I claim, and "desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A steaiwturbinc comorising two opposed disks having plum ity of series of relation.

erases spirally-disposed cups or buckets formed in their opposed faces, and means for discharging' 'steam into the inner cup oi each series.

A steam-turbine comprising two opposed disks having a plurality of series of spirally-disposed cups or buckets formed in their opposed faces, means for discharging steam into the inner cup of each series, and means for-securing either disk to the shaft and for hol d in the other disk against turning,

3. A reversible steam-turbine comprising two disks mounted upon a common axis with faces in c .atact, said contacting faces having cups formed. therein and disposed in a plurality of spirally-disposed series and means for ecting steam to the innermost of these cups, said cups being formed to deflect the steam in a direction which is a combination of a tangential and an axial direction and into a cup upon the other disk.

4. A reversible steam-turbine com risin two disks mounted upon a common axis wit faces in contact, said contacting faces having on s formed therein and disposed in a plura it of layers the successive cups of any se-" ries sing at an increased distance from the center and means for injecting steam to the innermost cups of each series, said cups being formed to deflect the steam in a direction which is a combination ofa tangential and an axial direction and into a cup upon the other disk, and means for clamping said disks to their shaft and for holding them against turning, operated in alternate and opposite 5. A i eam-turbine disk having cups in the face thereof arranged in a plurality ofseries the cups of each series being spirally disposed.

6. A steam-turbine disk having cups in its face, said cups having a major axis and an inner surface sloping irom the surface of the disk at one end of the major axis inward to a maximum depth at or near the other-end of its major axis, said major axis extending substantially in a direction which is tangential from the deeper end of the cup,

7. A steam-turbine disk having cups in its face having their major axes substantially tangential and deepest at the inner ends of said axes and sloping thence to the surface at the outer ends of said axes. I

stearn-turbine disk having cups in its face arranged in a plurality of spirally-disposed series, said cups being deepest at their ends toward the center in the direction of the spirals.

9. A steam-turbine comprising two disks mounted to turn with their faces in contact,

each disk having cups in its contactetace arranged in a plurality of spirally-disposed series, said cups being deepest at their ends toward the center inthe. directien of itsspireh and the spirals of the two disks extending respectively in opposite directions.

1Q. A steam turbine com rising two disks mounted to turn with their aces 1n contact,

' each disk having cups in its contact-face arranged in aplurality of spirally-disposed series, said cups being dee est at their ends 'toward the center in the direction of the spiral,

10 the spirals of the two disks extending respec tively in 'opiiosite directions, and means for 'dischargin gets of steam: the innermost cu s-ofsal series.

n' testimony whereof halve hereunte af fixed. my signature; this; 1st. {day of June; I 5 1905 in: the presence of two Witnesses.

, NORMANQR. SMITH. Witnesses:

' H. L. REYNOLDS,

A PAUL A. TALBOT.

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