US810712A - Artificial denture. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTBD JAN. 28, 1906.

J. M. CARD. ARTIFICIAL DENTURE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 10, 1905.

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2/91; I211 m o m J. M. CARD. 'ARTIPIGIAL DENTURE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 10, 1905,

PATENTED JAN. 23, 1906.

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UNITED STATES JOHN M. CARD, OF OLEAN, NEW YORK.

ARTIFICIAL DENTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 23, 1906.

Application filed July 10,1905- Serial No. 269,100.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN M. CARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Olean, in the county of Cattaraugus and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Artificial Dentures, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the manufacture of artificial dentures or plates, and c0ntemplates a simple and practical process for mak ing an improved construction of plate of perfect form and articulation and having great molecular strength.

The invention also has in view an improved process of making dental plates wherein the various steps of making the complete plate, exclusive of the finishing operation of vulcanizing and polishing, are carried out while the model is on the articulator. In this connection the present application contemplates another phase of the invention covered by my pending application filed May 19, 1905, Serial No. 261,221.

The essential features of the invention are susceptible to modification; but for illustrative purposes the preferred embodiment of the process and article are shown in the ac companying drawings, in which Figure l is a perspective view of the articulator, illustrating the manner of carrying out the process of completing a dental plate or artificial denture thereon. Fig. 2 is a crosssectional view of the plate or denture in process of formation upon the model carried by one jaw of the articulator. Fig. 3 is a sectional perspective view of the plate or denture shown inverted and illustrating the same partly completed to expose the various elements employed in the manufacture there of. Fig. 4 is a detail in perspective of the metal base as it is shaped to the form of the model to provide the base upon which the denture is built up. Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a fragment of the plate or denture, illustrating more clearly the individual tooth-fastening. Fig. 6 is a perspective view, partly in section, of a plate or denture, illustrating a modified structure. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the com plete plate shown in Fig. 6. Figs. 8 and 9 are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively, of another form of plate manufactured by the process claimed herein.

Like reference -numerals designate corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings.

The present invention involves no change in the usual method of making the denturemodel and the bite-casting, as the steps of the process claimed herein are taken up after the bite and denture model are placed upon the jaws of an articulator, as fully explained in my other application referred to.

For illustrative purposes there is shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings an ordinary type of articulator. This articulator is designated in its entirety by the numeral 1 and essentially consists of the upper and lower jaw members 2 and 3, which, respectively, carry the denture-model 4 and the bite-cast 5. The steps pursued in manufacturing the preferred form of plate or denture according to the present process may be briefly recited as follows: When the plaster-of-paris model is on the articulator, as described, the first step in the process is the production of the metal base, (designated by the numeral 6.) This metal base consists of a piece of sheet metal, preferably of aluminium, on account of its desirable qualities for this purpose. This piece of sheet metal is cut to the size and general configuration required and after being annealed is pressed on the model to the exact shape of the whole lingual surface of the jaw. In this operation the metal base is shaped by fingerpressure and the rounded end of a stick or equivalent tool, as no die or counter-die or swaging is required to secure this shaping. After shaping the aluminium or equivalent base 6 to the shape of the lingual surface of the jaw the said metal base is punctured along the alveolar ridge portion thereof with a continuous series of retaining-holes 7 to facilitate the anchoring or fastening of the rubber parts in the manner to be presently explained. After the preparation of the metal base the next step in the process is to coat the plaster-of-paris model 4 of the jaw with a thin solution of rubber dissolved in chloroform or other solvent. This coating may be referred to as the primary rubber coating and is designated by the numeral 8 on the drawings. After the application of this coat ing the next step is to heat a very thin sheet 9 of waxable rubber or ordinary dental rubber and apply it over the entire lingual and labial surfaces of the model. Then the punctured metal base 6 is positioned upon the secondary rubber coating 9. In applying the metal base in position the said base, as Well as the secondary rubber coating 9, is heated, so that by firmly pressing the plate onto the plastic coating 9 the same will firmly adhere thereto, and in this connection the retaining-holes 7 receive sufiicient of the rubber to assist materially in fastening down the metal base on the model.

The plate as so far prepared is ready for the articulation of the artificial teeth 10, the positions of which are determined in the ordinary manner. Each artificial tooth 10 is set upon the alveolar ridge of the metal base 6 through the medium of a plastic holdingpiece 11, preferably consisting of waxable or ordinary dental rubber. Only suflicient of the plastic holding-piece 1 1 is placed upon the perforated ridge portion 7 of the metal base 6 to provide for holding each tooth in position, and to assist in properly fastening each tooth the latter is provided upon its inner side with one or more headed anchoring-pins 12, embedded in the plastic piece 11, as plainly shown in the enlarged detail, Fig. 5 of the drawings. In this connection it will be observed that the plastic material 11 also fills into the retaining-holes and securely fastens the teeth to the metal base 6.

When the teeth are articulated in the manner described, the surplus waxable rubber used in attaching the teeth to the metal plate is trimmed off, and the exposed portions of the plasticmaterial 11 at the lingual sides of the denture are covered by a continuous finishing-strip 13, extending entirely around the set of teeth at the lingual side thereof and serving to finish off the plate or denture at this point.

To provide for finishing the labial surface of the plate ordenture, a sufficient quantity of pink or gum-colored dental rubber is dissolved in any suitable solvent and worked to the consistency of very thick cream. To this plastic mass of pink or gum-colored rubber are added colored mineral salts and red mineral pigments in certain proportions to make a perfect plastic pink or gum-shade, and in this semiliquid condition the said pink or gumcolored rubber is applied with a small brush to the entire labial surface of the plate or denture and worked into the interstices between the teeth at the labial side of the plate. After allowing the labial coating 14 of gum-colored rubber to stand a few minutes the model is cut from the articulator and placed in a dental flask and subjected to the usual vulcanizing operation. When the plate or denture is vulcanized, the same is removed from the flask and polished in the usual way.

The essential features of the process may be preserved in the formation of modified forms of platessuch, for instance, as illustrated in Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive, of the drawings. In the plate or denture shown in Figs. 6 and 7 the steps of the process are exactly the same as already described, with the exception that no rubber coating or plastic matemodel.

rial is applied to the lingual surface of the Then the only change observed in the process already described is that after forming and shaping the metal base 6 in the manner set forth a labial rubber strip 15, of waxable rubber, is applied on the labial surface and alveolar'ridge of the model, after which the metal base 6 is pressed into place on the model and said labial strip by finger-pressure, With the aid of a rounded stick or equivalent too]. However, in connection with this form of denture or plate it will be observed that the same provides a lingual and palatine surface entirely of metal and a labial surface entirely of plastic or dental rubber. Another modified form of denture or plate manufactured by the process is shown in Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings. In this construction the metal base (designated by the refere11ce-numeral 6 is swaged through the medium of a die or counter-dieto the exact configuration of the model of the jaw for the entire lingual and labial surfaces thereof. Said metal base 6 is not only provided in the alveolar ridge thereof with a continuous series of retaining holes 7 but is also formed with a perforated labial flange 16. After swaging the said base 6 in the exact form desired the same is placed upon .the model 4, which it will exactly fit. After positioning the metal base 6 upon-the model in the manner described in connection with either of the forms of the invention previously referred to a continuous rubber articulating-rib 17 is placed around the entire alveolar ridge of the metal base and pressed onto the same firmly, so that the rubber material will squeeze into the retaining-holes 7 and thereby anchor the said rib in place. This articulating-rib 17 is preferably made of a piece of waxable rubber, which is first heated and then manipulated into the required length and form, so as to provide a base or body upon which the individual teeth are articulated. To provide for the mounting of the individual teeth, a small piece of waxable rubber is pressed onto the pins 12 of the tooth and after being slightly warm is pressed into the rubber rib 17, said rubber rib, in effect, subserving the same function as the plastic holding pieces 11, shown and described in connection with the other forms of the invention. WVhen all of the teeth are properly articulated, the surplus rubber connecting the same to the base is trimmed off, and then a continuous finishing-strip 13, similar to the strip 13, previously referred to, is placed over all of the connections at the lingual side of the teeth. The purpose of using ordinary dental rubber for the strip 13 over waxable rubber is that it makes a perfect finish, which is not possible with the waxable or vulcanizable gutta percha. To provide for finishing the plate or denture shown in Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings, a labial coating 1 1 of gum-colored rub- ICC ber similar to that already described, is applied on the perforated labial flange 16 and in and about the teeth at the labial side thereof.

In all of the forms herein described it will be observed that all of the steps of the process exclusive of the vulcanizingand polishing operations are completed on the model While upon the articulator.

Having thus described the invention, What is claimed, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is

1. A process of making dental plates which consists in forming a model and fastening it to the articulator, then conforming a metal base to the model, articulating the teeth on the ridge of the metal base, and finally applying a gum-colored labial coating in semiliquid form upon the labial surface.

2. A process of making dental plates which consists in forming a model and fastening it to the articulator, then conforming a metal base to the model and perforating the ridge of said base, next setting the teeth in a plastic holding-piece upon the perforated ridge of the metal base, and finally applying a labial coating of gum-colored rubber in semiliquid form upon the labial side of the model.

3. A process of making dental plates which consists in forming a model and fastening it to the articulator, then conforming a metal base with a perforated rim to the model, next setting up the teeth in a plastic holding-piece upon the perforated portion of the metal base, applying a rubber finishing-strip about the supports for the teeth at the lingual side thereof, and finally applying a labial coating 1 of gum-colored rubber in a semiliquid form over the labialsurface of the model and in and about the teeth at the labial sides thereof.

4. A process of making dental plates which consists in forming a model and fastening it to the articulator, then shaping a metal plate to the model, next coating the model with a thin rubber solution, then applying a rubber sheet over both the labial and lingual surfaces of the model, next applying a metal base upon the rubber sheet, articulating the teeth uponthe ridge of the metal plate, then applying a continuous strip of dental rubber about the ridge of the plate at the lingual side of the teeth, and finally applying a gumcolored labial rubber coating in semiliquid form on the labial surface of the model and in and about the teeth at the labial sides thereof.

5. A dental plate consisting of a metal base having retaining-holes in the ridge thereof, artificial teeth articulated upon and anchored to the perforated ridge of the base, a continuous rubber finishing-strip extending about the ridge of the plate at the lingual sides of the teeth and over the fastenings thereof, and a gum-colored labial coating extending in and about the teeth at the labial sides thereof.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN M. CARD.

Witnesses:

EDGAR D. NEWTON, WM. H. CARD.

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