US80956A - Improvement in steam-generatoks - Google Patents

Description

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.THOMAS BOLT, OF TRIESTE,AUSTRIA.

Letters Patent No. 80,956, dated August 11, 1868; patented in England,vJzme 10, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-GENERATORS.

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Whereas I,"\THOMAS HOLT, of Trieste, in the Empire of Austria, engineer, have invented Improvements in the Construction of Steam-Boilers, I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description.

of thesaid improvements. s

The object of this invention is to obtain an increased heating-surfacein stationary, marine, and locomotive steam-boilers, and at the same time to 'simplify the construction of such boilers. This end Iattain by the use of a novel arrangement of attened tubes or chambers,which form the passages-or dues for the'iiame and heated gases to pass through, while the water circulates freely between them. The tubes or chambers are set parallel to each other, and in such relative positions that an easy access to theirivets us'ed for lconnecting the tubes or chambers together will be provided, and the surfaces of the tubes or chambers, by contracting and expanding under variations of temperature, will tend to prevent the adhesion of scale or deposit.4

In the accompanying drawings I have shown five diierent arrangements of boilers with my invention applied thereto, for the purpose of illustrating the adaptability of the invention to very varying circumstances. In constructing a high-pressure land-boiler, I use, by preference, a cylindrical shell, either vertical, as shown in Sheet I, or horizontal, as shown is Sheet II, and I form a compound central iiue therein by the use ofthe parallel tubes. v l i In Sheet I, Figure 1 shows in central section a vertical high-pressure land-boiler,.ahd

Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same.

Ais a cylindrical shell, closed at top by an inverted cone, which is made removable, to allow of the withdrawal of the parallel tubes in a body, 'for repairs. At bottom the shellA is extended by a slightly conical continuation. l B B' are the tube-plates, set parallel to-each other, but at an incline, for the purpose to be presently explained. The lower tube-plate, Br, forms the top of the tire-chamber C, the {irc-bars of whichA are shown at D. The water-space of the boiler extends down to a level with. the fire-bars, and it is to the inner casing, A', forming the perimeter ofthe1'ire-chamber, that the tube-plate B' is secured. v

E are the flattened tubes, set vertically in the middle of theshell of the boiler, Aand forming iiues, for the passage upwards of the gases of combustion, while they present a large heating-surfacearoundand over which the water is' free to circulate.

The construction of these tubes admits of modication, but 'in all cases the tubes, when rivetedtogether at their opposite ends, must allow of a. free passage between them for the' circulation of water over the greater portiouof their length. i

Figure 3, Sheet I, shows detached, and inperspecti've, the form of tube which I generally prefer to employ, the tube having expanded ends.

Figure 4 is a cross-section oi' the same, showing auarraugenrent' for preventing the buckling, or retaining the parallelism ofthe sides. i

Figure 5 is aperspective view of two tubes vriveted together. These tubes have also expanded ends, but dii'erent means for preventing the buckling inwardsfof the sidcsoi the tubes.

Figure 6 shows in perspective two tubes made parallel from endto end, andyet riveted together, so as to provide for the free circulation of Water between them. v

The tubes E may be formed by lattening drawn tubes, or of plates riveted, welded, or braz'ed together at their edges. Figs. 3 and 4 show the tubesfcomposed of plates, riveted to side-pieces. Within the tubes, at given distances apart, I insert stays, which may be longitudinal, as shown in figs. 5 and 6, or simply ballsplaced in cups, formed at given distances apartlby indents made in the fiat sides of the tubes, and intended for holding the stays in position. Ribs may also, if preferred, be rolled on the plates used to form the tubes, and the ribs of two plates being brought together, will form stays requiring no connection or attachment. This forln of stay is illustrated by Figure 7, which will hereafter be more particularly referred to.

The tubes, however made, are so arranged with respect to each other that their extremities will form, when connected together, inclines, the .ends of the tubes from the first4 tothe last being advanced, the one beyond the other, so asto expose u nd'givc access to'the lines of rivets by which the adjacent tubes are securely riveted together, and caused topclose the ends ofthe water-spaces left between the tubes, as shown at fig. 1, Sheet I. l The l group of' tubes thus formed isthen secured to the tube-plates, whichare properly shaped to receive the group. The form ofthe group itself'v will he determined by the space allowedlforit in the shell, it being understood that the water must circulate around the group as well as between the individual'tubes.

In Sheet II, which illustrates the horizontal land-boiler- Figure l is a longitudinal section of the boiler, and

Figure shows in partial front view and in partial transverse section va. pair of horizontal land-boilers.

In this arrangement, the tube-plates form' the ends ofthe cylindrical shell A, and the mouths ofthe tubes are presentedvat the requisite angle to admit of thc ascending llames and heated gases from the replace turning easily into the rear ends of and passing along the horizontal lues to the front.

In order to increase the circulation of the water, I give the horizontal dues a4 cant transversely, as shown at iig. 2, wherein the tubes are represented, the one half in cross-section and the other half in end view. The,

' waterfspaces between the tubes being thus transversely on the incline, the escape ot the steam from the raised side will be greatly facilitated. The angle best suited in this arrangementv for the turning in of the flame aud heated gases to the ilues at one end, and their escape at the other,` gives access also to the line of rivets by which I secure the tubes, the one to the other, and when any tube is` burned out, it can readily be removed by cutting away the rivet-heads, and replaced by a new tube.

To facilitate the removal of the compound tubular ues, I make in the brick-work opposite the tubes a door,

this superheating-chamber at any convenient part thereof.

For improving the evaporating power of marine boilers of the ordinaryconstruction, Ipropose to fill the ordinary uc-space with tubes arranged, as described, with respect to'the horizontal land-boiler. This arrangement is illustrated in Sheet III, where fig. 1 is a partial front elevation and partial transversesection, taken in two dierent planes, ofthe marine boiler, and iig. 2 isa longitudinal 'section of the same. c The ordinary flue-spaces, it will be seen, are-filled with groups of the attened tubes E. The flame and heated gases enter'at the rear ends of the tubes, and make their exit atthc front ends, as in Sheet II, to the escape-flue. An incidental advantage of this arrangement of flues is that the transverse tie-rods H may be passed at any required level through the water-spaces in the groups. l

Another arrangement which I propose to employ in adapting my invention to marine boilers is shown in Sheet IV, wherein the attened metallic parallel lues are modified in form, and are secured directly to the top of the furnace. Fig. 1 shows the boiler -and furnace in-l longitudinal section, and iig. 2 is a partial transverse section.` Instead of the flues being open at their opposite ends, one side only of the ues Eis open, and a divisionis made in them as shown atE, extending to about one-halftheir depth. This is most conveniently eected l by forming an indented line in corresponding positions in their side-plates, the indents'being suiiiciently deep to insure the raised surfaces coming 1n contact, and thus preventing the flame and heated gases from passing between the plates at that part. Thus a bridge will be formed in each Hue or chamber E forthe flames to play over, as shown in the drawing. The chambers E are s et up in a Vvertical plane,-and are canted, so as to present their open mouths at an incline to the flame. A. hollow or water-bridge, I, vforming the roof ofA the front part of the fireplace C, extends to the bridge or division E in the flue-chambers E, andl the ame and gases are thus caused to pass into thechambers, and-burn overthe divisions therein, and escape on the other side of the bidge to the uptake lue. The lips of the chambers are provided with anges, by which, through the lines of rivets, they are conncctcd together, as shown in the detached view, fig. 7, lShcetl, which represents three such chambers rive ted together; Thediv/ision in the chambers, instead of being formed by indenting the metal of the adjacent plates, as shown in fig, 7, maybe made by inserting a stay-bar therein. V

For securing the series of chambers in place, tie-rods, K, are used,and the iangesof the chambers are riveted directly to the top of the tire-chamber C. '.lo allow of thc'removal of the chambers from the boiler, the bridge, I, which, being hollow,` is connected at its opposite sides to the water-spaces, is m-a-de removable, it being supported in its place on angle-irons. I I In applying my invention to locomotive-boilers, I incline the tube-plates B B towards the top of the lirechambcr, and ll the space between the tube-plates with the attencd tube-fines E. These tube-dues I place horizontall Y, and connect them together by lines of4 rivets, as in the abovedescribed land-boilers; I also cant them on one side to increase the circulation. This arrangement is shown in Sheet V, fig. 1 being a longitudinal section of the locomotive-boiler and furnace, and g. 2 a transverse section, taken in two different planes for the purpose of showing the front ends of the tubes, and also the tubes in section. I connect the tubular ues E to the tube-plates by forming lips or lianges on the tube-plates to embrace, the tubes, and to receive rivets which are passed through the sides ofthe tubes. At the top of the tire-box or furnace C, I provide a series of vertical flue-chambers, E?, open only at bottom, like those used in the marine arrangement, Sheet IV. These chambers project upwards through the water-space into the steam-space, and afford an increased heatingsurface to the Water, 'While they serve also to superheat the steam in the steam-space. These chambers are riveted by means et' their .danges to the top plate of the tire-box, and they are further secured in position by rods, K, pendent from the crown of the steam-chamber. Access to the tubes E-may be obtained in the usual way by a door in the smoke-box.

Having no'w explained the nature of my invention, I wish it to be understood that I elaim-A 1. The combiiiation of the inclined ilues F, dividing-plate E', and the removable diaphragm I, in the marine boiler, as herein described, for the purpose specied. U

2. The combination of the flattened tubeE, composed of metallic plates having expanded ends, and braced internally by thefbolts or bars, said tubes beingvriveted together at their ends to leave water-passages between their adjacent sides, as herein described, for the purpose specified. t

In witness whereof, I, the said THOMAS HOLT, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this nineteenth day of Septembexgin the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty seven.

` THOMAS HOLT. [L s] Witnesses EDWARD MANDOLIN, EDWARD LOGHERI

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