US807028A - Process of obtaining sound ingots. - Google Patents

Process of obtaining sound ingots. Download PDF

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Publication number
US807028A
US807028A US26517405A US1905265174A US807028A US 807028 A US807028 A US 807028A US 26517405 A US26517405 A US 26517405A US 1905265174 A US1905265174 A US 1905265174A US 807028 A US807028 A US 807028A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ingot
ingots
cooling
contraction
fluid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US26517405A
Inventor
Paul Louis Toussaint Heroult
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ELECTRO METALLURGIQUE FRANCAISE Ste
ELECTRO METALLURG FRANCAISE SOC
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ELECTRO METALLURG FRANCAISE SOC
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Application filed by ELECTRO METALLURG FRANCAISE SOC filed Critical ELECTRO METALLURG FRANCAISE SOC
Priority to US26517405A priority Critical patent/US807028A/en
Priority to US277466A priority patent/US815293A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US807028A publication Critical patent/US807028A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould

Definitions

  • the cooling of the shell produces a contraction which squeezes the internal liquid steel toward the top of the ingot, and if the cooling is continued a sufliciently long timesay until the interior has become solidthe ingot will be sound in all parts.
  • the cooling should be eflected with a certain degree of carethat is to say, not too fast. The rapidity will be readily determined by a practical workman.
  • the cooling may be eflected by any suitable cooling fluid, such as a stream of water or a blast of cold air or gas.
  • any one of the following methods may be used:
  • the sides of the mold may be raised, leaving the ingot standing on its base, and streams of water may then be applied on it, commencing at the bottom.
  • the mold being removed, water may be run into the pit in which the ingot is usuallycast, the depth of water being gradually increased.
  • the ingot may be bodily lifted off its base and lowered into a bath. of water.
  • Figure 1 is a central section through a partlycooled ingot in its mold.
  • Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same ingot with the mold sides removed.
  • the ingot hardens at the bottom and sides witnesses.
  • the irregular lines A indicating roughly the successive zones of solidification.
  • the mold sides B are lifted and jets of water played upon the ingot C from hose-nozzles D or the like, commencing at the base and working slowly up to the top.
  • the cooling of the solid shell causes it to contract and to squeeze the fluid central portion so as to take up the contraction of such fluid portion, which would cause it to spread outward andform central pipes that is to say, the inward contractionof the shell counteracts the outward contraction of the fluid central portion.
  • the inward contraction of the shell will be greater than the outer contraction of the central fluid portion, and the latter may be squeezed upward. It is not proposed to continue the cooling operation after the central portion of the ingot has hardened so as to be practically beyond the possibility of contraction, but only to apply the cooling action at such a rate and to such an extent as will counteract the tendency of the central portion to form pipes or; voids as it changes from a liquid to. a solid state.
  • What I claim is The process of making sound ingots which consists in running the metal into a mold, permitting the ingot to harden sufficiently to form a solid shell while the interior is still substantially fluid, removing the mold, and applying a cooling fluid to the shell of the ingot to cause it to contract upon the central portion so as to prevent the formation of pipes in said central portion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Description

No. 807,028. PATENTED DEC. 12, 1905. P. L. T. HEROULT. PROCESS OF OBTAINING SOUND INGOTS.
APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14, 1905.
INVENTOR:
/ WMQCMJMM%M,
WITNESSES:
mationof these pipes.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
PAUL Lou s TOUSSAINT HEROULT, or LA PRAZ, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO soorn'rn ELEGTRO METALLURGIQUE FRANQAISE, or FROGES, IsERE,
FRANCE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Dec. 12, 1905.
Application filed June 14,1905. Serial No. 265,174
To a, whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, PAUL LoUIs Tons SAINT HnRoULT, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at La Praz, Savoie, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Process of ObtainingSound Ingots, of which the following is a specification.
It is well understood that in the casting of ingots-of steel there is a tendency to form pipes along the central axis of the ingot, due to the solidifying of the ingot first at the bottom and sides and the subsequent contraction of the soft central portion in an outward direction. Hydraulic and other presses have been employed to compress the ingots as they solidify in order to prevent the for- The process of this application is designed to replace such pressing-machines and accomplishes the same result by cooling the outside of the ingot while the center is soft, causing the shell to contract and fill up the spaces which would otherwise be left in the center by the outward contraction of the metal. The cooling of the shell produces a contraction which squeezes the internal liquid steel toward the top of the ingot, and if the cooling is continued a sufliciently long timesay until the interior has become solidthe ingot will be sound in all parts. The cooling should be eflected with a certain degree of carethat is to say, not too fast. The rapidity will be readily determined by a practical workman. The cooling may be eflected by any suitable cooling fluid, such as a stream of water or a blast of cold air or gas. For example, any one of the following methods may be used: The sides of the mold may be raised, leaving the ingot standing on its base, and streams of water may then be applied on it, commencing at the bottom. The mold being removed, water may be run into the pit in which the ingot is usuallycast, the depth of water being gradually increased. The ingot may be bodily lifted off its base and lowered into a bath. of water.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the method first above described.
Figure 1 is a central section through a partlycooled ingot in its mold. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same ingot with the mold sides removed.
The ingot hardens at the bottom and sides witnesses.
gradually toward the center, the irregular lines A indicating roughly the successive zones of solidification. When a sufficiently thick solid shell has formed to enable the ingot to stand alone, the interior being still substantially fluid, the mold sides B are lifted and jets of water played upon the ingot C from hose-nozzles D or the like, commencing at the base and working slowly up to the top. The cooling of the solid shell causes it to contract and to squeeze the fluid central portion so as to take up the contraction of such fluid portion, which would cause it to spread outward andform central pipes that is to say, the inward contractionof the shell counteracts the outward contraction of the fluid central portion. By commencing at the bottom and when the'interior of the ingot is very fluid the inward contraction of the shell will be greater than the outer contraction of the central fluid portion, and the latter may be squeezed upward. It is not proposed to continue the cooling operation after the central portion of the ingot has hardened so as to be practically beyond the possibility of contraction, but only to apply the cooling action at such a rate and to such an extent as will counteract the tendency of the central portion to form pipes or; voids as it changes from a liquid to. a solid state.
Though I have described with great particularity of detail certain embodiments of the invention, yet it is not to be understood therefrom that the invention is limited to the specific methods described. Modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departure from the invention.
What I claim is The process of making sound ingots which consists in running the metal into a mold, permitting the ingot to harden sufficiently to form a solid shell while the interior is still substantially fluid, removing the mold, and applying a cooling fluid to the shell of the ingot to cause it to contract upon the central portion so as to prevent the formation of pipes in said central portion.
In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing PAUL LOUIS TOUSSAINT HEROULT. Witnesses:
DOMINGO A. USINA, FRED WHITE.
US26517405A 1905-06-14 1905-06-14 Process of obtaining sound ingots. Expired - Lifetime US807028A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26517405A US807028A (en) 1905-06-14 1905-06-14 Process of obtaining sound ingots.
US277466A US815293A (en) 1905-06-14 1905-09-07 Apparatus for smelting iron ore.

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US26517405A US807028A (en) 1905-06-14 1905-06-14 Process of obtaining sound ingots.

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3704745A (en) * 1971-07-29 1972-12-05 United States Steel Corp Method of making sound large generally cylindrical ingots

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3704745A (en) * 1971-07-29 1972-12-05 United States Steel Corp Method of making sound large generally cylindrical ingots

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