US807025A - Regulating-nozzle. - Google Patents

Description

No. 807,025. PATBNTBD DBO. 12, 1905.

- 0. 1. HENRY, JR.

RBGULATING' NOZZLB.

. APPLICATION FILED 11110.20. 1903.

W//fl No. 807,025. PATEN'IED DEG. 1-2, 1905.

lGr. J. HENRY, JR.

REGULATING NOZZLE.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.29,1903.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

No. 807,025 PATENTD DBC. 12. 1905 AG. J. HENRY, In.

REGULATING NOZZLE.

` APPLIOATION FILED DEO.29,1903.

3 SHBlz'rTB--SHI-RET` 3.

UNITED sTATEs )PATENT oEEIoE.

GEORGEJ. HENRY, JR., OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO THE PELTON WATER WHEEL CO., OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

REGULATlNG-NOZZLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 12, 1905.

Application filed December 29, 1903. Serial No. 186,991.

To all whom it mfc/.y concern:

Beit known that I, GEORGE J. HENRY, Jr., a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Regulating-Nozzles; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and eXact description of the same.

Heretofore regulating-nozzles for the discharge of water, steam, or other gas or iiuid have been constructed with the passages for directing the iowing fluid immediately before its issuance of various arbitrary curvatures. The result has been that the issuing Huid-jet does not retain its proper shape, but spreads in all directions, approaching but slightly the shape which the issuing jet yshould assume when discharged from a properly-constructed nozzle. Such spreading of the jet results in a very considerable loss in efficiency, due to the resulting internal disturbances within the jet, inasmuch as a general breaking up of the jet is always an objectionable feature-as, for instance, in fire-nozzles, where such breaking up of the jet prevents the stream being carried as far as it should be, and as in iiuid-motors depending on the impact of a jet of fluid upon the buckets thereof, where the spreading results, further, in some of the jet escaping the vanes or buckets altogether, and a considerable portion of that which does strike the buckets or vanes does so only on those portions where the best eflicicncy cannot be developed.

The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in the construction of the inner plug or core and the tip of a regulating-nozzle for the discharge of water, steam, or other gas or fluids.

The object of the invention is to so construct the wall of the inner plug o'r core and inner i wall of the nozzle-tip that the fluid entering the passage-way formed between the two walls or surfaces of these parts will gradually increase in velocity during its traveltoward the discharge-orifice at a constant rate or will receive what is known as constant acceleration throughout its path or line of travel within the passage-way. The result from the use of such a constructed nozzle is the increase in velocity obtained, the lessening of friction losses within the nozzle, solidity as to the discharge of the jet, the preventing of jet disf turbances, the increase of efficiency gained for the jet vby reason of the increasedprojection of the stream, where used for lire purposes, and by reason of the impact gain for the stream upon the buckets or vanes of a motor whe used for the driving of such motors.

To comprehend the invention, reference should be had to the accompanying sheet of drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a broken longitudinal sectional view of the regulating-nozzle, illustrating the iiow of the stream throughout and the jet-discharge therefrom. Fig. 2 is a vertical crosssectional end view taken on line Fig. 4 of the drawings. Fig. 3 is a similar view taken on line y y of said view. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic View of the nozzle. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 are partial longitudinal sectional views in the plane of the axis of the nozzle of portions of the nozzle bounded at the rear by the lines b, c, d, e, f, g, 7b, t', j, and 70, respectively, and extended forward sulflcient to show the respective widths of the annular passage between the tip and plug at those lines, Fig. 14 being extended to the outer end of the tip and the point of the plug, said views illustrating the constant rate of decrease 8O in the cross-sectional areas of said annular passage. Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 are cross-sectional views of the nozzle upon the lines bounding the rears of Figs.

5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, respectively. Y

Fig. 25 is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle, the stream-flow illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings being omitted.

The letter A designates the body of the nozzle, in which is located the longitudinallymovable plug B, mounted on or turned solid` from the supporting-stem C. The nozzle-tip D screws into the end of the body A of the nozzle and guides the stream over the lines of the needle portion Bl of the plug B. On the 9 5 nozzle-tip D are cast the lugs E for the pur- ,pose of facilitating its removal from the nozzle-body A to permit of repairs or change to other size oftips.

Thefiuid to be ejected-water, steam. or IOO other gases or liquids-approaches the discharge-orifice F through the annular passage F. In passing this passage toward the annular passage F2 after movingabeyond the line G it will be noticed that the said passage F contracts. Hence it will therefore be necessary for the flowing fluid to increase in velocity. Such increase in the velocity of the stream should begin slowly, as it will do over the slight curve of the plugs surface, (shown at H,) and then iiow in a constantly-increasing velocity over the curved surface I, which curve is constructed so as to obtain said constant rate of increase. At the point 2 or the termination of this acceleration or increase in velocity the flowing stream will be entering the annular passage F2. By this time the velocity of the stream is materially increased, although not yet iiowing as fast as will be necessary for it to do when leaving the dischargeorifice F. It is therefore required that the velocity be further increased during the iiow of the stream through the passage F2 or from point 2 until the discharge-orifice F is nearly reached or up to the point L, which is accomplished over the curved surface K of the needle portion B of the plug B, the inner surface or wall D of the tip D being curved relative to the surface of the needle B to permit of theA streams gradual change as to diameter without internal disturbances within such portion of the nozzle. These curved surfaces are such that the increase in the streams velocity is at a constant rate of acceleration between the defined points 2 L.

In the illustrations preference is given to the use of a circular needle-plug and nozzletip, which are the ones shown. In order to fulfil the law of constant acceleration as to the streams velocity or constant rate of increase of speed, the cross-sectional area of the annular passage F2 at a a should be very much smaller than the area of the said passage at r s.

In the illustrations used it is intended that the ejected fluid-jet should travel at ten times the velocity after leaving the nozzle as it does whiley moving on the nozzle at the point 2 of the annular passage-ways. Therefore the annular area of discharge at a n should be onetenth of the annular area of discharge at 7' s, and in order that the acceleration in the streams velocity between these cross-sections should be constant the areas of cross-section at regular distance between the said sections fr s and ct u should decrease at a regular fixed ratio, resulting in the velocity of the fluid-jet increasing in the same ratio, the velocity of the jet being inverselyT proportional to the cross-section at any point. The cross-sectional lines for such regular decrease of the streams area are outlined in Fig. 4 of the drawings.

In order that the fluid which is changing its course through the annular passages of the nozzle during. its travel within the said nozzle toward the discharge-orifice should iiow in a straight line after leaving the nozzle, so as to retain a straight solid jet for purposes of fire streams, thereby resulting in a farther projection of the stream, or for such use as with impulse tangential water-wheels or steam-turbines, so as to obtain the full impact of the jet into or upon the buckets, vanes, or blades attached to such motors, it is preferred that the curve of the surface K of the needle portion B of the plug B should be that of a paraboloid. The curve of the needle portion B of the movable plug B being that of a paraboloid, it is apparent that any mass under constant acceleration will flow over such curve without retardation. It is therefore the curve of least resistance. Hence the curve of the inner wall or surface D of the nozzle-tip D is that of a parabola of revolution. To preserve a iiow of constant acceleration, it is required that the inner wall or surface of the nozzle-tip be a curved surface acting in conjunction with the curved surface K of the needle portion B of the plug B.

It is obvious that without changing the diameter of the passage F or `that of the discharge-orifice F the shape of the parabola on the needle portion B may be varied, such change being indicated by dotted line O in Fig. 4 of the drawings. This change would i necessitate that a change be made as to the curve of the inner wall or surface D of the tip D, as designated by the letter O in Fig. 4L of the drawings, in order that constant acceleration might be obtained throughout the annular passage F2 from point 2 to t n.

That constant acceleration shall occur in the body of Huid flowing through the annular passage F2 it is necessary that the cross-section areas of the moving iiuid at right angles to its direction of flow decrease at a constant rate. They have the values in the case taken, for example, one, one-half, one-third, onefourth, one-fifth, one-sixth, one-seventh, oneeighth, one-ninth, one-tenth.

In order to construct the curve of the interior Wall or surface D of the nozzle-tip D to coact properly with the curved surface K of needle B of the plug B, cross-sections of the needle B at right angles to the direction of the streams flow are first laid down at regular intervals along the streams path, as shown in Fig. 25 of the drawings. These are usually cross-sections of a paraboloid, the preferred curve for the needles surface, although the needle of the plug may obviously be made of any other suitable curvature. It is then necessary to inclose an annular area forming each of the above-mentioned cross-sections, which shall give the necessary constant acceleration-that is to say, referring to Fig. 25 of the drawings, assuming the water entering the passage F2 at b' to be owing at the rate of one foot per second, at c at the rate of two feet per second, at CZ at the rate of three feet per second, the iow thus gradually increasing in velocity at a constant rate of acceleration until at it" the water is flowing at the rate of IOO ten feet per second, then the annular crosss'ections must be, if at b ten inches, tive inches at c", 3.33 inches at d', 2.5 inches at e, two inches at f', 1.66 inches at g', 1.43 inches at It', 1.25 inches at z", 1.11 inches at j', and one inch at lo. Thus it will be seen that the outer circumference of each of the annular crosssections is easily determined, and hence its diameter by well-known mathematical formulas, and therefore we may lay 0H annular cross-sectional lines to these diameters and by passing a curve through the-points so determined obtain the curve and surface for the interior of the nozzles tip.

To prevent disturbance of the fluid-jet' at the point of exit, due to air-currents, capillarity, or other causes, it is advisable that from point n to point n the rate of acceleration be reduced to zero, so that at the instant of leaving the discharge-orifice of the nozzletip the jet will be moving Without acceleration and will continue to flow down the remaining portion of the paraboloid or whatever curve may be employed for the surface of the needle portion B without further disturbance.

It will be understood that the tip and body of the nozzle may be constructed as of one casting, and therefore wherever the expression tip is used it is to be understood as meaning the outer reduced portion of the nozzle and whether integral therewith or detachably connected thereto.

It will be understood that the carrying out of the invention is not dependent upon the -form of curves set forth in the drawings which accompany the application, for these curves may be modified or changed as desired, so long as the coacting curves between the surface of the plug and the inner surface of the reduced outlet portion of the nozzle are such as to imparta given increase of velocity to the stream iowing through the passage, thereby providing a smooth undisturbed flow of water and preventing eddy-currents within the nozzle, which currents serve to break up the even flow of the stream and tend to reduce the efficiency of the issuing jet and to reduce the life of the nozzle and its associated parts.

`Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be protected by Letters Patent, is-

1. A regulating-nozzle for the discharge of iuids, the same comprising a body portion, a tip united thereto, a plug provided with a needle portion, said plug being longitudinally movable within the nozzle, the surface of the plug and the inner surface of the tip being formed on such coacting curves that the series of equidistant annular cross-sections taken through the annular passage formed between the nozzles tip-and plug decreases at a constant ratio so as to impart to the moving fluid a constant acceleration of velocity during its flow toward the discharge-orifice of the nozzle.

2. A regulating-nozzle for the discharge of fluids, the same comprising a body portion, a tip secured thereto, a needle plug located Within the nozzle forming an annular passage for the stream between the tip and needleplug, the surface of the needle portion of said plug being of parabolic form, the inner surrounding and directing surface of the nozzletip having such a curvature that the series of equidistant annular cross-sections taken through the annular passage for the streams flow decreases at a constant ratio so as to cause a constant rate of acceleration in the body of fluid moving over the needle-surface of the plug.

3. A regulating-nozzle for the discharge of fluids, the same comprising a body portion, a tip united thereto, a longitudinally-movable plug located therein, and forming an annular passage for the iiow of fluid between the plug and nozzle, the walls of the said annular passage for the flow of fiuid being on such curves that the series of equidistant annular crosssections of the annular passage decreases at a constant ratio so as to impart to the moving fluid a constant acceleration of velocity.

4. A regulating-needle for the discharge of fluids, the same comprising a body portion, a tip united thereto, a longitudinally-movable plug located therein to form an annular passage for the fluid, the walls of the said passage being on such curves that the series of equidistant annular cross-sections of the passage decreases at a constant ratio so as to cause a constant rate of acceleration in the body of fluid moving over the surface of the plug, the inner wall of the nozzles tip immediately adjacent to and surrounding the discharge-orifice of the nozzle being constructed to permit of the jets discharge from the said discharge-orifice without acceleration.

5. A regulating-nozzle for the discharge of fluids, the same comprising a body having a reduced outer portion, a plug located within the nozzle, the surface of the plug and theinner surface of the outer reduced portion of the nozzle being formed on such coacting curves that equidistant cross-sections taken through the passage formed between the reduced portion of the nozzle and 'the plug decrease at a constant ratio, so as to impart to the fluid moving therein a constant acceleration of Velocity during its fiow toward the discharge-orifice of the nozzle.

h In witness whereof I have hereunto set my and.

GEORGE J. HENRY, JR.

Witnesses:

N. A. ACKER, D. B. RICHARDS'.

IOO

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